CN106223361A - Gravity type retaining wall structure with culvert and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Gravity type retaining wall structure with culvert and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106223361A CN106223361A CN201610780442.1A CN201610780442A CN106223361A CN 106223361 A CN106223361 A CN 106223361A CN 201610780442 A CN201610780442 A CN 201610780442A CN 106223361 A CN106223361 A CN 106223361A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- culvert
- retaining wall
- barricade
- ground
- gravity retaining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F5/00—Draining the sub-base, i.e. subgrade or ground-work, e.g. embankment of roads or of the ballastway of railways or draining-off road surface or ballastway drainage by trenches, culverts, or conduits or other specially adapted means
- E01F5/005—Culverts ; Head-structures for culverts, or for drainage-conduit outlets in slopes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
- E02D29/0275—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features cast in situ
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a gravity type retaining wall structure with a culvert and a construction method thereof, wherein the gravity type retaining wall (1) and a culvert concrete body (15) form an integral structure through a retaining wall culvert below the ground (13), a culvert body formed by culvert space (9) in a prefabricated culvert pipe (14) and the culvert concrete body (15) is arranged in parallel with the gravity type retaining wall (1), and the culvert concrete body (15) is positioned below wall feet outside a wall body of the gravity type retaining wall (1); the retaining wall foundation (6) and the culvert foundation (7) are used together as the foundation of a combined structure. The gravity retaining wall and the ditch or pipe culvert required to be arranged at the bottom of the side slope are taken as a whole, so that the structural systematicness is enhanced, the requirement on plane space is reduced, the foundation excavation depth is reduced, the retaining effect of the retaining wall on the side slope is enhanced, the anti-overturning capability is improved, and the problems of space required by side slope bottom drainage or pipeline laying and stable side slope support are solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to slope support engineering technical field, especially relate to the Gravity Retaining Wall knot of a kind of band culvert
Structure and construction method thereof.
Background technology
Barricade is a kind of conventional slope retaining measure, mainly has Gravity Retaining Wall and counterfort wall etc..Gravity type is kept off
Wall can be divided into inclined barricade of bowing, inclined retaining wall, vertical type barricade and pH-static method.The material of barricade mainly have concrete and
Stone masonry etc., construction method to pile up, formwork erection pours.
General side slope bottom outside is required for building the draining parallel with side slope or the irrigation canals and ditches laid the line or pipe culvert.
Irrigation canals and ditches or pipe culvert are it is generally required to keep certain safe distance with barricade, but side slope bottom often limited space, for its plane
Layout brings problem.Separate with Gravity Retaining Wall according to existing Slope Design specification and method for designing, irrigation canals and ditches or pipe culvert, ditch
It is unfavorable that Gravity Retaining Wall is stablized by canal or pipe culvert at side slope bottom slot, and barricade ground must deep-cut, and increases excavated volume and fills out
The amount of building, and form high steep interim side slope, affect construction safety.
Utility model " a kind of base of dam powerhouse of hydropower station barrier wall structure " (application number is only had at present through inquiry and search
201320140788.7), patent of invention " construction method of base of dam powerhouse of hydropower station barricade and structure " (application number
201310099041.6), (Kweiyang survey and design academy company limited of electricity Jian group of application artificial China, old of inventor
Dragon etc.) relate to the transport channel within barricade, see Fig. 2.This barricade is steady in order to solve dam base of dam powerhouse of hydropower station abutment wall
Determining problem, barricade shape pattern is but pH-static method, and load retaining wall is only suitable to gear artificial earth fill's side slope, and barricade scale is big, passage
Being spatially located at barricade weight platform 2 internal, the passage 3 in barricade alleviates the weight of weight platform, stablizes barricade and antidumping
Effect is unfavorable, in order to remove inner void to barricade integrity and the adverse effect of Stress relief, needs to increase hole place
Weight stage body amasss, and passage is gateway opening type, needs Li Neimo to pour.
The Artificial Side-slope forming general nature side slope and excavation, has no that barricade combines patent and the literary composition of one with culvert
Offer；Have no that culvert close parallel is arranged in patent and the document of foundation outside Gravity Retaining Wall, have no band culvert barricade concrete
Pour with patent that finished product pipeline is interior mould and document.
Summary of the invention
Separating with Gravity Retaining Wall according to prior art, irrigation canals and ditches or pipe culvert, irrigation canals and ditches or pipe culvert bottom side slope are general
Need the safe distance certain with barricade holding, if both are close together, according to " Technique Code for Building Slope Engineering " (GB
50330-2002) the requirement of Section 10.3, should there be certain buried depth on the basis of Gravity Retaining Wall, and buried depth should be from toe
The base plate of gutter or culvert starts to calculate, and this will increase considerably the cutting depth of retaining wall foundation, increase barricade height and
Area of section, causes the increase of slope support engineering amount, and investment increases, and affects the layout of irrigation canals and ditches, pipe culvert or barricade, even affects
The establishment of slope retaining scheme.
It is an object of the invention to using need bottom Gravity Retaining Wall and side slope the irrigation canals and ditches arranged or pipe culvert as an entirety, i.e.
With the Gravity Retaining Wall structure of a kind of band culvert, strengthen structural system, reduce plane space demand, reduce foundation dredging deep
Degree, strengthens barricade and side slope is propped up gear effect, improve resistance to capsizing, meets side slope bottom discharge simultaneously or lays the line required
Space and stability of slope support issues, meanwhile, creating with prefabricated culvert pipe or finished product pipeline is that the culvert concrete that interior mould supports waters
Building method, it is to avoid irrigation canals and ditches or numerous and diverse formwork erection operation of box culvert construct, with barricade one-time-concreting molding, flows to reach to simplify to construct
Journey, puies forward high efficiency purpose.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
First, the Gravity Retaining Wall structure of this band culvert of the present invention is such, and it is to be passed through by Gravity Retaining Wall
Barricade culvert below ground position and culvert concrete bodies constitute an overall structure, and culvert space forms with culvert concrete bodies
Culvert body be arranged in parallel with Gravity Retaining Wall, culvert concrete bodies is positioned under Gravity Retaining Wall wall outer side foundation；Gravity
The ground of formula barricade and culvert foundation are together as the ground of co-ordinative construction.
Wherein, culvert spatial form is circular, and culvert ground flushes with side slope toe ground, the ground of Gravity Retaining Wall
Excavation elevation is positioned on the excavation elevation of culvert foundation；Prefabricated culvert pipe uses prefabricated reinforced concrete culvert pipe or finished product pipeline；
Culvert space is according to drainning off floodwaters area of passage or the space requirement laid the line determines size, but should use prefabricated culvert pipe or finished product
The standard size of pipeline；Culvert ground cap rock need to have enough intensity, and the additional stress meeting upper load and barricade generation is wanted
Ask；The culvert below ground position of culvert concrete bodies and barricade uses cast-in-place conventional concrete, other positions of Gravity Retaining Wall
Concrete can use conventional concrete or cyclopean concrete.
The construction method of the Gravity Retaining Wall structure of this band culvert comprises the steps:
Step 1: interim side slope, the ground of barricade and the ground of culvert concrete bodies after once excavation forms barricade；
Step 2: set up and colligation culvert bottom arrangement of reinforcement；
Step 3: hang in prefabricated culvert pipe, and position；
Step 4: set up and colligation culvert top arrangement of reinforcement, and connect culvert top arrangement of reinforcement and culvert bottom arrangement of reinforcement；
Step 5: simultaneously pour the concrete at the culvert below ground position of culvert concrete bodies and Gravity Retaining Wall；
Step 6: set up the outboard template of Gravity Retaining Wall；
Step 7: pour the Gravity Retaining Wall culvert ground concrete with upper bit.
The present invention have following technical effect that the present invention can be used for bowing inclined barricade, inclined retaining wall, vertical type barricade and
All Gravity Retaining Walls such as pH-static method, can be used at the supporting of natural slope, hand excavation's side slope and artificial earth fill's side slope
Reason；
The culvert of the present invention is located immediately at barricade underfooting, it is not necessary to reserve the spacing distance of culvert and barricade, characteristics of compact layout,
Culvert ground flushes with side slope foot ground, can make full use of culvert ground space；
The ground of the Gravity Retaining Wall of the present invention adds the width of retaining wall foundation together with culvert foundation, at same gear
Under wall action of gravity, substrate frictional force increases, it is provided that a bigger gear active force；
The culvert concrete bodies of the present invention is positioned at the outside of barricade, improves the resistance to capsizing of barricade；
The excavation elevation of the ground of the Gravity Retaining Wall of the present invention is positioned on the elevation of culvert foundation, reduces excavated volume,
Saving barricade reclamation work amount, after reducing barricade, the height of interim side slope, alleviates construction time safety problem；
The prefabricated culvert pipe of the present invention uses prefabricated reinforced concrete culvert pipe or commodity pipeline, increases the rigidity of culvert, simultaneously
Also serve as the interior mould that culvert pours, it is to avoid the complicated formwork erection process that culvert concreting needs.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the base of dam powerhouse of hydropower station barricade of prior art.
Accompanying drawing 1 description of symbols: 1-Gravity Retaining Wall, 2-barricade internal drainage hole, anti-filter bag after 3-barricade, 4-side slope ground,
Interim side slope after 5-barricade, 6-barricade ground, 7-culvert foundation, 8-side slope toe ground, 9-culvert space, 10-culvert ground
Cap rock, 11-culvert top arrangement of reinforcement, 12-culvert bottom arrangement of reinforcement, 13-barricade culvert below ground position, the prefabricated culvert pipe of 14-, 15-
Culvert concrete bodies, 16-slope ground body.
Accompanying drawing 2 description of symbols: 1-sloping core, 2-weight platform, 3-transport channel, 4-Factory Building base plate, 5-construction joint, 6-sealing
Sheet, 7-Factory Building floor, 8-rock ballast, 9-earth and rockfill dam, 10-road surface.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in further detail with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Closest to the prior art of the present invention as in figure 2 it is shown, this barricade is to solve dam base of dam powerhouse of hydropower station limit
Wall stable problem, barricade shape pattern is but pH-static method, and load retaining wall is only suitable to gear artificial earth fill's side slope, and barricade scale is big,
It is internal that channel space is positioned at barricade weight platform 2, and the passage 3 in barricade alleviates the weight of weight platform, stablizes barricade and resist
Effect of toppling is unfavorable, in order to remove inner void to barricade integrity and the adverse effect of Stress relief, needs to increase hole institute
Weight stage body amass, passage is gateway opening type, needs Li Neimo to pour.
As it is shown in figure 1, Fig. 1 illustrates the overall structure of the present invention.It will be seen from figure 1 that the agent structure bag of the present invention
Including Gravity Retaining Wall 1, be provided with barricade internal drainage hole 2 in Gravity Retaining Wall 1, Gravity Retaining Wall 1 rear is interim limit after arranging barricade
Anti-filter bag 3 behind slope 5 and barricade, and be connected in slope ground body 16, slope ground body 16 is arranged above side slope ground 4.
Gravity Retaining Wall 1 constitutes an entirety by barricade culvert below ground position 13 and culvert concrete bodies 15 and ties
Structure, the culvert body that culvert space 9 forms with culvert concrete bodies 15 is arranged in parallel with Gravity Retaining Wall 1, culvert concrete bodies 15
It is positioned under Gravity Retaining Wall 1 wall outer side foundation；Barricade ground 6 and culvert foundation 7 are together as the ground of co-ordinative construction.Contain
Space, hole 9 refers to the circular cavity in prefabricated culvert pipe 14.Prefabricated culvert pipe 14 uses prefabricated reinforced concrete culvert pipe or finished product pipeline.
During enforcement, the construction method of this structure comprises the steps:
Step 1: interim side slope 5, barricade ground 6 and culvert foundation 7 after once excavation forms barricade；
Step 2: set up and colligation culvert bottom arrangement of reinforcement 12；
Step 3: hang in prefabricated culvert pipe 14, and position；
Step 4: set up and colligation culvert top arrangement of reinforcement 11, and connect culvert top arrangement of reinforcement 11 and culvert bottom arrangement of reinforcement 12；
Step 5: simultaneously pour culvert concrete bodies 15 and the concrete at barricade culvert below ground position 13；
Step 6: set up the outboard template of Gravity Retaining Wall 1；
Step 7: pour the Gravity Retaining Wall 1 culvert ground concrete with upper bit.
Certainly, being more than the concrete exemplary applications of the present invention, the present invention also has other embodiment, and all employings are equal to
Replace or the technical scheme of equivalent transformation formation, within all falling within protection domain of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (5)
1. the Gravity Retaining Wall structure of a band culvert, it is characterised in that: it is by barricade culvert ground by Gravity Retaining Wall (1)
Face is constituted an overall structure with lower portion (13) and culvert concrete bodies (15), the culvert space (9) in prefabricated culvert pipe (14)
The culvert body formed with culvert concrete bodies (15) is arranged in parallel with Gravity Retaining Wall (1), and culvert concrete bodies (15) is positioned at weight
Under power formula barricade (1) wall outer side foundation；Barricade ground (6) and culvert foundation (7) are together as the ground of co-ordinative construction.
The Gravity Retaining Wall structure of band culvert the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described culvert space (9) shape
Shape is circular.
The Gravity Retaining Wall structure of band culvert the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: culvert ground and side slope toe
Ground (8) flushes.
The Gravity Retaining Wall structure of band culvert the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described prefabricated culvert pipe (14) is adopted
With prefabricated reinforced concrete culvert pipe or finished product pipeline.
5. the construction method of the Gravity Retaining Wall structure of a band culvert as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the method
Comprise the steps:
Step 1: interim side slope (5), barricade ground (6) and culvert foundation (7) after once excavation forms barricade；
Step 2: set up and colligation culvert bottom arrangement of reinforcement (12)；
Step 3: hang in prefabricated culvert pipe (14), and position；
Step 4: set up and colligation culvert top arrangement of reinforcement (11), and connect culvert top arrangement of reinforcement (11) and culvert bottom arrangement of reinforcement
(12)；
Step 5: simultaneously pour culvert concrete bodies (15) and the concrete of barricade culvert below ground position (13)；
Step 6: set up the outboard template of Gravity Retaining Wall (1)；
Step 7: pour Gravity Retaining Wall (1) the culvert ground concrete with upper bit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610780442.1A CN106223361B (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2016-08-31 | Gravity type retaining wall structure with culvert and construction method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610780442.1A CN106223361B (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2016-08-31 | Gravity type retaining wall structure with culvert and construction method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106223361A true CN106223361A (en) | 2016-12-14 |
| CN106223361B CN106223361B (en) | 2018-10-30 |
Family
ID=58071696
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610780442.1A Active CN106223361B (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2016-08-31 | Gravity type retaining wall structure with culvert and construction method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106223361B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107964881A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-04-27 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | The method for arranging that a kind of peg board formula barricade is combined with culvert |
| CN108331013A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-07-27 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Gear mud wall composite structure |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09158223A (en) * | 1995-12-05 | 1997-06-17 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Draining structure of banking or cut earth |
| JP2003082693A (en) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-19 | Kato Masayuki | Obtuse-angled retaining wall and construction method therefor |
| CN104074176A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-01 | 中国水电顾问集团贵阳勘测设计研究院 | Construction method and structure of dam toe hydropower station workshop retaining wall |
| CN204728359U (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-10-28 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Tooth-shaped retaining wall |
| CN206052771U (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-03-29 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Gravity type retaining wall structure with culvert |
-
2016
- 2016-08-31 CN CN201610780442.1A patent/CN106223361B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09158223A (en) * | 1995-12-05 | 1997-06-17 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Draining structure of banking or cut earth |
| JP2003082693A (en) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-19 | Kato Masayuki | Obtuse-angled retaining wall and construction method therefor |
| CN104074176A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-01 | 中国水电顾问集团贵阳勘测设计研究院 | Construction method and structure of dam toe hydropower station workshop retaining wall |
| CN204728359U (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-10-28 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Tooth-shaped retaining wall |
| CN206052771U (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-03-29 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Gravity type retaining wall structure with culvert |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107964881A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-04-27 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | The method for arranging that a kind of peg board formula barricade is combined with culvert |
| CN107964881B (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-09-24 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | A kind of method for arranging that peg board formula barricade is combined with culvert |
| CN108331013A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-07-27 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Gear mud wall composite structure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106223361B (en) | 2018-10-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN202718138U (en) | Self-locking type ecological retaining wall structure | |
| CN1963042A (en) | Hydraulic sheeting and use method thereof | |
| CN103806464B (en) | Large-scale high ferro station and subway cross top-down construction method up and down | |
| CN105178327A (en) | Composite retaining structure of foundation pit project and construction method thereof | |
| CN104846781A (en) | Ecological interlocking block and ecological interlocking block type slope protection construction method | |
| CN208219694U (en) | A kind of prefabricated barricade | |
| CN104652444A (en) | Construction method for overall reverse operation of ultra-large type deep foundation pit center island type alternative earth excavation | |
| CN105625420A (en) | Extension type manual hole digging pile support structure and construction method thereof | |
| CN106223361B (en) | Gravity type retaining wall structure with culvert and construction method thereof | |
| CN206052771U (en) | Gravity type retaining wall structure with culvert | |
| CN204940298U (en) | A kind of Composite Enclosure Structure of base pit engineering | |
| CN104005414B (en) | Large-size rebar cast in place concrete pile supports the constructional method of column | |
| CN101498133A (en) | Method and supporting construction for enlarging basement top-down method earth excavation space | |
| CN105332382A (en) | River-adjacent-foundation-pit island-building cofferdam clay sealing construction method | |
| CN107700434A (en) | A kind of dome grating formula armored concrete mud-rock flow blocking dam and its construction process | |
| CN106906829A (en) | A kind of horizontal soil body reinforcement means of subway open-cut foundation ditch | |
| CN202945618U (en) | Steel plate column joint of underground diaphragm wall | |
| CN102808415A (en) | Foundation pit supporting structure of underground continuous wall and construction method for foundation pit supporting structure | |
| CN215518588U (en) | Permanent face combined retaining wall structure | |
| CN206368375U (en) | A kind of electric power pylon basis | |
| CN214061687U (en) | Flexible water-permeable cutting retaining wall | |
| CN205502070U (en) | A dual -purpose underground gallery structure | |
| CN212000961U (en) | Protection building structure of ecological meshing brick of farmland escape canal | |
| CN104047273A (en) | Energy dissipation anti-flushing wall for hydropower station and construction method thereof | |
| CN103374920B (en) | First shaft lining structure and construction method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |