CN106223012B - 一种阻燃处理剂及阻燃处理方法 - Google Patents
一种阻燃处理剂及阻燃处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106223012B CN106223012B CN201610672909.0A CN201610672909A CN106223012B CN 106223012 B CN106223012 B CN 106223012B CN 201610672909 A CN201610672909 A CN 201610672909A CN 106223012 B CN106223012 B CN 106223012B
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Polymers C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002503 polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Metaphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTRAYOBSWCVTIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N Chemical compound OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N.N OTRAYOBSWCVTIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HTWFXPCUFWKXOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tertatalol Chemical compound C1CCSC2=C1C=CC=C2OCC(O)CNC(C)(C)C HTWFXPCUFWKXOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007860 aryl ester derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DZGUJOWBVDZNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound [NH4+].CC(=C)C([O-])=O DZGUJOWBVDZNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004079 fireproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- CUXQLKLUPGTTKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M microcosmic salt Chemical compound [NH4+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O CUXQLKLUPGTTKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical group CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RDBMUARQWLPMNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylmethanol Chemical class OCP RDBMUARQWLPMNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019394 potassium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/68—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof
- D06M11/72—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof with metaphosphoric acids or their salts; with polyphosphoric acids or their salts; with perphosphoric acids or their salts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/52—Impregnating agents containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
- D06M11/55—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof with sulfur trioxide; with sulfuric acid or thiosulfuric acid or their salts
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- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种阻燃处理剂，其包含以下质量组分：聚磷酸铵100份，硫酸铵（50‑200）份，高分子分散剂（4‑20）份，非离子型润湿剂（1‑5）份和水（2000‑5000）份。所述的阻燃处理剂用于纺织品或木材的阻燃处理方法包括以下步骤：（1）将聚磷酸铵，硫酸铵、单体（a）和（b）、非离子型润湿剂和水按比例搅拌混合均匀；（2）将纺织布或者无纺布、木材放入其中，再加入水溶性引发剂在室温到100℃下进行聚合2‑4小时；（3）将纺织布或者无纺布、木材取出后进行干燥。本发明的阻燃处理剂用于纺织布或者无纺布的阻燃处理后，颜色和手感均保持不变，且能达到优异的阻燃效果。而且阻燃剂通过聚合反应覆盖到纺织品的表面，结合牢固，可以明显提高洗涤的耐久性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种阻燃处理剂及阻燃处理方法，特别涉及一种用于纺织品或木材的阻燃处理剂及阻燃处理方法。
背景技术
耐火纺织品和木材可用于许多领域，通过将普通纺织品或木材浸入阻燃处理剂中对其进行处理，可得到具有阻燃性能的防火制品。而现有的阻燃剂大致可分成如下几类：
（1）含磷化合物，如磷酸、偏磷酸、焦磷酸的盐类及其烷基酯或芳基酯；
（2）磷氮化合物，如磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、三聚氰胺磷盐酸、聚磷酸铵等；
（3）磷卤化合物，如各种卤代磷酸酯或三氯氧磷等；
（4）硼化物，如硼酸、硼砂及其各种配比的混合物、五硼酸铵等；
（5）其他无机化合物，如硫酸铵、氯化铵、氯化锌、氯化钡、氧化钙等。
无机阻燃剂的阻燃效果好，来源广泛，价格低廉，但缺点是吸潮性大、易流失、装饰性能较差。有机阻燃剂一般来说可以克服无机阻燃剂的缺点，但价格较贵，发烟量大些。上述阻燃剂很少单独使用，大多是各类阻燃剂的复合体，若配比适当可以达到协同作用效果，并能够降低阻燃剂的用量。
如日本专利（JP2011006821）公开了一种通过对天然植物材料进行碳化，使其具有优异的防火、隔热、耐火性能。其具体方法为采用日本JERICO株式会社生产的阻燃药剂ARTEX MF 的水溶液（质量百分比浓度为12%）将棉等植物天然材料充分浸泡后，自然干燥24小时，或者70℃下加热干燥3小时；然后在270℃的氮气环境下，于电炉中加热10分钟进行碳化。这样得到的阻燃材料，具有优异的阻燃、耐火性能。但是通过上述方法得到的材料，由于碳化的原因而变成黑色，不仅失去了原来的颜色，同时也由于碳化变硬导致其失去了原先的手感和舒适度。
公开号为CN 104726996 A的中国专利公开了一种耐火纺织品材料，通过四羟甲基鏻盐与交联剂热固化并氧化而制得的阻燃处理剂处理所述纤维素纤维赋予其耐火性，所述阻燃处理剂对洗涤具有更大的耐久性。但后续还需要采用软化剂处理以改进经处理的纺织品材料的手感，并通过高压气流或高压水流进行处理以进一步提高纺织品材料的手感，使得整个处理过程非常复杂。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种处理过程简单、阻燃效果好的用于纺织品或木材的阻燃处理剂及阻燃处理方法，在达到阻燃效果的前提下保持其颜色和手感不变，并能提高阻燃处理剂的洗涤耐久性。
为了达到上述目的，本发明所采取的具体的技术方案如下。
本发明的阻燃处理剂包含以下质量组分：聚磷酸铵100份，硫酸铵（50-200）份，高分子分散剂（4-20）份，非离子型润湿剂（1-5）份和水（2000-5000）份。
所述聚磷酸铵为水溶性低聚合度聚磷酸铵，其聚合度为5-20。
所述低聚合度聚磷酸铵溶解度大，其水溶液可以均匀覆盖于织物或木材表面；其熔点低，当与火焰作用时，可以迅速熔化，释放出氨和水，稀释氧气，快速渗透到可燃物的空隙中，进一步发生交联反应再聚合成膜，覆盖在可燃物表面，隔绝空气，阻断燃烧，从而提高了阻燃效能。
所述的高分子分散剂，是由单体（a）和单体（b）按摩尔比1:（1-10）形成的共聚物，其分子量为5000-30000。
（a）
其中，R1代表氢原子或者甲基，n为1到100；R代表碳原子数为1到18的烃基，包括饱和的脂肪烃基、不饱和烃基、芳基、或取代芳基。
（b）
其中，R2代表氢原子或者甲基，即单体（b）的具体实施例包括丙烯酸或者甲基丙烯酸的铵盐。
所述高分子分散剂首先通过聚合反应覆盖到可燃物（纺织品或者木材）的表面，结合牢固，提高洗涤耐久性；其次，所述表面活性剂能在可燃物与助燃物之间形成具有阻燃功能的低密度连续致密的泡沫层，隔绝氧气，阻断燃烧；所述高分子分散剂中铵盐性质稳定，不会像氨水那样在加热干燥时挥发，可在高温下分解释放出氨，稀释氧气，提高阻燃效果。
所述单体（a）和单体（b）采用水作为溶剂进行共聚，聚合引发剂可采用过硫酸铵、碱金属过硫酸盐、过氧化氢或其它水溶性引发剂。
所述非离子型润湿剂为聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚或聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物等。
所述非离子型润湿剂可提高纺织品或者木材表面的润湿性，从而提高高分子分散剂的分散性能， 使得阻燃剂在纺织品或者木材表面覆盖更加均匀，最终提高其阻燃效能。
所述的阻燃处理剂用于纺织品或木材的阻燃处理方法包括以下步骤：（1）将聚磷酸铵，硫酸铵、单体（a）和（b）、非离子型润湿剂和水以上述比例搅拌混合均匀；（2）将纺织布或者无纺布、木材放入其中，再加入水溶性引发剂在室温到100℃下进行聚合2-4小时；（3）将纺织布或者无纺布、木材取出后进行干燥。干燥的方式可采用自然干燥或者热风强制干燥。
本发明的优点：本发明的阻燃处理剂用于纺织布或者无纺布的阻燃处理后，颜色和手感均保持不变，且能达到优异的阻燃效果。而且阻燃剂通过聚合反应覆盖到纺织品的表面，结合牢固，可以明显提高洗涤的耐久性。对于木材的阻燃处理同样可以达到优异的阻燃效果。本发明可以用于纺织布或者无纺布的阻燃处理，以及对于建筑物木材的阻燃处理可以起到防火的作用。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例来进一步详细说明本发明。
对比例1-2：
（1）将聚磷酸铵粉末、硫酸铵粉末和水，按表1所示质量（单位：克）进行称重，然后将其搅拌混合均匀；（2）将样品（纺织布或者无纺布、木材）放入浸泡2-4小时；（3）将样品（纺织布或者无纺布、木材）取出后进行干燥；（4）将干燥后的样品用水洗涤以考察阻燃剂的附着性（对比例2）。
实施例1-5：
（1）将聚磷酸铵粉末（成都同力助剂有限公司，完全水溶，聚合度n=8-10）、硫酸铵粉末、高分子分散剂单体（a）和单体（b）、非离子型润湿剂和水，按表1所示质量（单位：克）进行称重，然后将其搅拌混合均匀；（2）将样品（纺织布或者无纺布、木材）放入其中，再加入水溶性引发剂在室温到100℃下进行聚合2-4小时；（3）将样品（纺织布或者无纺布、木材）取出后进行干燥；（4）将干燥后的样品用水洗涤以考察阻燃剂的附着性，洗涤后采用自然自然干燥24小时或在70℃下热风干燥3小时。经阻燃处理后的各种样品的颜色、手感基本上同阻燃处理前一样。
表1对比例1-2和实施例1-5的组成及处理条件和参数
| 编号 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 |
| 待处理样品 | 纯棉布 | 纯棉布 | 棉无纺布 | 帆布 | 木材 | 纯棉布 | 纯棉布 |
| 聚磷酸铵 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 硫酸铵 | 50.00 | 100.00 | 150.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 单体（a） | 2.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 单体（b） | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 润湿剂 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 蒸馏水 | 2750 | 3000 | 3000 | 4000 | 40000 | 3000 | 3000 |
| 引发剂种类 | 过硫酸铵 | 过硫酸铵 | 过硫酸铵 | 过硫酸铵 | 过硫酸钾 | - | - |
| 引发剂用量（g） | 0.1 | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | - | - |
| 聚合温度（℃） | 60 | 60 | 80 | 80 | 80 | - | - |
| 聚合时间（小时） | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - |
| 干燥方式 | 自然干燥 | 自然干燥 | 自然干燥 | 70℃热风 | 70℃热风 | 自然干燥 | 自然干燥 |
| 干燥时间 | 24小时 | 24小时 | 24小时 | 3小时 | 3小时 | 24小时 | 24小时 |
| 后续处理方式 | 未水洗 | 水洗1次 | 水洗2次 | 水洗3次 | 未水洗 | 未水洗 | 水洗1次 |
*注：单体（a）为，n=20；单体（b）为甲基丙烯酸铵盐；润湿剂为壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚（美国陶氏公司）。
阻燃性能评价方法：将实施例1-5和对比例1-2经阻燃处理后的样品，固定在金属网上，用温度高达1300度的喷灯火焰喷射燃烧30秒钟。喷灯口距离样品约90毫米。其结果如表2所示。经阻燃处理的对比例1的样品虽未出现明火，但燃烧后完全被烧毁；对比例2的样品出现明火燃烧，并被完全烧毁。而经阻燃处理后的实施例1-5中的样品全部碳化变黑，但是未出现明火燃烧，并且保留原形状。而且从实施例2-4的阻燃剂效果可以看出，由于阻燃剂通过聚合反应覆盖到纺织品的表面，结合牢固，虽然经过水洗，但仍然可以保持良好的阻燃性能，说明本发明的技术方案可以明显提高洗涤的耐久性。
表2对比例1-2和实施例1-5的阻燃效果
| 实验对象 | 阻燃性能 |
| 对比例1 | 烧毁 |
| 对比例2 | 着火烧毁 |
| 实施例1 | 未着火 |
| 实施例2 | 未着火 |
| 实施例3 | 未着火 |
| 实施例4 | 未着火 |
| 实施例5 | 未着火 |
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变换或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种阻燃处理剂，其特征在于包含以下质量组分：聚磷酸铵100份，硫酸铵50-200份，高分子分散剂4-20份，非离子型润湿剂1-5份和水2000-5000份；所述聚磷酸铵为水溶性低聚合度聚磷酸铵，其聚合度为5-20；所述的高分子分散剂，是由单体（a）和单体（b）按摩尔比1:（1-10）形成的共聚物，其分子量为5000-30000；
（a）
其中，R1代表氢原子或者甲基，n为1到100；R代表碳原子数为1到18的烃基；
（b）
其中，R2代表氢原子或者甲基。
2.如权利要求1所述的阻燃处理剂，其特征在于所述的烃基R包括饱和的脂肪烃基、不饱和烃基、芳基、或取代芳基。
3.如权利要求1所述的阻燃处理剂，其特征在于所述的单体（b）包括丙烯酸或者甲基丙烯酸的铵盐。
4.如权利要求1所述的阻燃处理剂，其特征在于所述非离子型润湿剂为聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚或聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物。
5.一种权利要求1-4任一项所述阻燃处理剂用于纺织品或木材的阻燃处理方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：（1）将聚磷酸铵，硫酸铵、单体（a）和（b）、非离子型润湿剂和水按比例搅拌混合均匀；（2）将纺织布或者无纺布、木材放入其中，再加入水溶性引发剂在室温到100℃下进行聚合2-4小时；（3）将纺织布或者无纺布、木材取出后进行干燥。
6.如权利要求5所述的阻燃处理方法，其特征在于所述的水溶性引发剂包括过硫酸铵、碱金属过硫酸盐或过氧化氢。
7.如权利要求5所述的阻燃处理方法，其特征在于所述的干燥方法为自然干燥24小时。
8.如权利要求5所述的阻燃处理方法，其特征在于所述干燥方法为在70℃下热风强制干燥3小时。
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