CN106220816A - 一种微孔透气性能好的聚氨酯发泡海绵垫 - Google Patents

一种微孔透气性能好的聚氨酯发泡海绵垫 Download PDF

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CN106220816A
CN106220816A CN201610643832.4A CN201610643832A CN106220816A CN 106220816 A CN106220816 A CN 106220816A CN 201610643832 A CN201610643832 A CN 201610643832A CN 106220816 A CN106220816 A CN 106220816A
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polyether polyol
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刘振辉
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ANHUI YUEJIAO FURNITURE Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种微孔透气性能好的聚氨酯发泡海绵垫，由下列重量份的原料制备制成：微晶纤维素35‑45、大豆油140‑180、二甘醇160‑200、氢氧化钾0.13‑0.27、聚醚多元醇90‑110、发泡剂8‑12、泡沫稳定剂1.3‑1.6、催化剂0.4‑0.6、甲苯二异氰酸酯56‑68、蒸馏水4‑6、纳米氢氧化镁4‑5、丙烯酸2‑3、聚丙烯酰胺0.2‑0.4、聚乙烯醇2‑4、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛2‑3、异丙醇10‑14、甘油2‑3；本发明制备的发泡海绵具有原料损耗低、工艺简单，产品稳定性高，机械强度高、抗拉性能强、阻燃性好，能够降低火灾隐患，值得推广。

Description

一种微孔透气性能好的聚氨酯发泡海绵垫
技术领域
本发明涉及发泡海绵技术领域，尤其涉及一种微孔透气性能好的聚氨酯发泡海绵垫。
背景技术
聚氨酯慢回弹泡沫由于其优异的舒适性能，已被广泛应用于家居用品、汽车、鞋材、医疗器械等领域，聚氨酯回弹泡沫由于其独特的分子结构，具有较高的舒适性能，当受到一定压力时，聚氨酯回弹泡沫会随着压力而改变形状，使压力平均分布，减少局部受力点，压力释去后，其形状又缓慢恢复到原状。但是由于其自身的闭孔结构，聚氨酯慢回弹泡沫的透气性能和阻尼吸声性能较差。《大豆油多元醇的合成及聚氨酯慢回弹泡沫性能的研究》一文中作者通过马来酸酐与大豆油反应合成了改性大豆油，然后用二甘醇与改性大豆油在氢氧化钾的催化下反应，合成了大豆油多元醇。再利用合成的大豆油多元醇制备了大豆油多元醇基聚氨酯慢回弹泡沫，文章中对大豆油多元醇基聚氨酯慢回弹泡沫的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及40%压缩度等力学性能进行研究，发现大豆油多元醇的使用会改善聚氨酯慢回弹泡沫的透气性能阻尼性能及吸声性能，但是会导致力学性能的下降，提出增加发泡剂水用量或者提高异氰酸酯指数，可以在大豆油多元醇基聚氨酯慢回弹泡沫具有较高透气性能、阻尼性能及吸声性能的前提下，提高其力学性能。
虽然作者通过对大豆油改性从而合成大豆油多元醇基聚氨酯回弹泡沫，改善了慢回弹海绵的透气性能、阻尼性能及吸声性能，但是其机械强度差、韧性不好的缺点降低了材料的使用寿命和人们的舒适度，影响产品的质量，推动不了经济的发展，并且其制备的慢回弹海绵还不能完全满足现如今人们对海绵垫的各种需求，所以需要进一步的改进，提高其力学性能、热稳定性、疏水性等其他性能，扩大应用领域并且延长使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种微孔透气性能好的聚氨酯发泡海绵垫。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种微孔透气性能好的聚氨酯发泡海绵垫，由下列重量份的原料制备制成：微晶纤维素35-45、大豆油140-180、二甘醇160-200、氢氧化钾0.13-0.27、聚醚多元醇90-110、发泡剂8-12、泡沫稳定剂1.3-1.6、催化剂0.4-0.6、甲苯二异氰酸酯56-68、蒸馏水4-6、纳米氢氧化镁4-5、丙烯酸2-3、聚丙烯酰胺0.2-0.4、聚乙烯醇2-4、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛2-3、异丙醇10-14、甘油2-3。
所述一种微孔透气性能好的聚氨酯发泡海绵垫，由以下具体步骤制备制成：
（1）将微晶纤维素用6-8倍量的无水甲苯分散，分散均匀后加到三口烧瓶中，用氮气作为保护气体，水浴加热升高温度至80-90℃，滴加十八烷基异氰酸酯，其中十八烷基异氰酸酯和微晶纤维素按照质量比1:5混合，机械搅拌反应2-4h，反应结束后用丙酮索式回流萃取24-30h，取出后烘干至恒重备用；
（2）在四口烧瓶中加入大豆油及步骤（1）制备的产物，用氮气作为保护气体，之后在160-180℃将两者充分搅拌混合均匀，再将四口烧瓶置于加热套中，加入二甘醇和氢氧化钾，升高温度至200-220℃反应3-4h，水洗提纯、分液除去未反应杂质，烘干后备用；
（3）将聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、异丙醇和3-5倍量的去离子水混合均匀，升高温度至75-80℃得到混合溶液，再向混合溶液中加入丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺和纳米氢氧化镁恒温搅拌1-2h，过滤、洗涤、干燥后粉碎成微粉备用；
（4）将步骤（2）制备的产物、聚醚多元醇及除甲苯二异氰酸酯以外其他剩余物质混合，在室温下以3000转/分的转速搅拌均匀，搅拌均匀后加入步骤（3）制备的产物，然后加入甲苯二异氰酸酯搅拌4-6S后迅速倒入发泡箱中，15-20min后从箱体中移出即得。
-2所述一种微孔透气性能好的聚氨酯发泡海绵垫，所述聚醚多元醇由聚醚多元醇1、聚醚多元醇2、聚醚多元醇3分别按百分比含量10%-30%、10%-20%、20%-50%混合而成，聚醚多元醇1为羟值在50-100的三官能团聚醚多元醇，聚醚多元醇2为羟值在35-80的二官能团聚醚多元醇，聚醚多元醇3为羟值在250-280的三官能团聚醚多元醇。
本发明的优点是：植物油基聚合物是一种潜在的可生物降解材料，与合成的高分子材料相比，可以在制品废弃后完全降解或者部分降解，有效的缓解环境污染问题，本发明利用纤维素密度小、可降解的优点改性高分子合成材料，但是纤维素材料的力学性能不高、力学性能差和热稳定不高等制约着应用领域，本发明采用十八烷基异氰酸酯接枝改性微晶纤维素提高其拉伸强度、热稳定性和耐磨性，再用其对大豆油改性，得到性能优异的大豆油多元醇，绿色环保，再通过大豆油多元醇和其他物料合成聚氨酯发泡海绵，具有优异的疏水、阻尼、透气等性能，还提高了海绵的强度和力学性能，氢氧化镁带有正电荷，具有亲水性，与亲油性聚合物分子结合力欠佳，且易团聚，本发明对其改性提高其在发泡海绵中的分散性和相容性，且提高海绵的机械性能和阻燃性，本发明制备的发泡海绵具有原料损耗低、工艺简单，产品稳定性高，机械强度高、抗拉性能强、阻燃性好，能够降低火灾隐患，值得推广。
具体实施方式
一种微孔透气性能好的聚氨酯发泡海绵垫，由下列重量份（公斤）的原料制备制成：微晶纤维素35、大豆油140、二甘醇160、氢氧化钾0.13、聚醚多元醇90、发泡剂8、泡沫稳定剂1.3、催化剂0.4、甲苯二异氰酸酯56、蒸馏水4、纳米氢氧化镁4、丙烯酸2、聚丙烯酰胺0.2、聚乙烯醇2、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛2、异丙醇10、甘油2。
所述一种微孔透气性能好的聚氨酯发泡海绵垫，由以下具体步骤制备制成：
（1）将微晶纤维素用6倍量的无水甲苯分散，分散均匀后加到三口烧瓶中，用氮气作为保护气体，水浴加热升高温度至80℃，滴加十八烷基异氰酸酯，其中十八烷基异氰酸酯和微晶纤维素按照质量比1:5混合，机械搅拌反应2h，反应结束后用丙酮索式回流萃取24h，取出后烘干至恒重备用；
（2）在四口烧瓶中加入大豆油及步骤（1）制备的产物，用氮气作为保护气体，之后在160℃将两者充分搅拌混合均匀，再将四口烧瓶置于加热套中，加入二甘醇和氢氧化钾，升高温度至200℃反应3h，水洗提纯、分液除去未反应杂质，烘干后备用；
（3）将聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、异丙醇和3倍量的去离子水混合均匀，升高温度至75℃得到混合溶液，再向混合溶液中加入丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺和纳米氢氧化镁恒温搅拌1h，过滤、洗涤、干燥后粉碎成微粉备用；
（4）将步骤（2）制备的产物、聚醚多元醇及除甲苯二异氰酸酯以外其他剩余物质混合，在室温下以3000转/分的转速搅拌均匀，搅拌均匀后加入步骤（3）制备的产物，然后加入甲苯二异氰酸酯搅拌4S后迅速倒入发泡箱中，15min后从箱体中移出即得。
所述一种微孔透气性能好的聚氨酯发泡海绵垫，所述聚醚多元醇由聚醚多元醇1、聚醚多元醇2、聚醚多元醇3分别按百分比含量10%%、10%%、20%%混合而成，聚醚多元醇1为羟值在50的三官能团聚醚多元醇，聚醚多元醇2为羟值在35的二官能团聚醚多元醇，聚醚多元醇3为羟值在250的三官能团聚醚多元醇。
按照实施例的步骤制备出聚氨酯发泡海绵，并对其进行性能测试，结果如下：
拉伸强度（kPa）：132；拉伸伸长率（%）：95；撕裂强度（N/cm）：7.9；回弹率（%）：7.4；CLD40%(kPa)：2.42。

Claims (3)

1.一种微孔透气性能好的聚氨酯发泡海绵垫，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料制备制成：微晶纤维素35-45、大豆油140-180、二甘醇160-200、氢氧化钾0.13-0.27、聚醚多元醇90-110、发泡剂8-12、泡沫稳定剂1.3-1.6、催化剂0.4-0.6、甲苯二异氰酸酯56-68、蒸馏水4-6、纳米氢氧化镁4-5、丙烯酸2-3、聚丙烯酰胺0.2-0.4、聚乙烯醇2-4、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛2-3、异丙醇10-14、甘油2-3。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种微孔透气性能好的聚氨酯发泡海绵垫，其特征在于，由以下具体步骤制备制成：
（1）将微晶纤维素用6-8倍量的无水甲苯分散，分散均匀后加到三口烧瓶中，用氮气作为保护气体，水浴加热升高温度至80-90℃，滴加十八烷基异氰酸酯，其中十八烷基异氰酸酯和微晶纤维素按照质量比1:5混合，机械搅拌反应2-4h，反应结束后用丙酮索式回流萃取24-30h，取出后烘干至恒重备用；
（2）在四口烧瓶中加入大豆油及步骤（1）制备的产物，用氮气作为保护气体，之后在160-180℃将两者充分搅拌混合均匀，再将四口烧瓶置于加热套中，加入二甘醇和氢氧化钾，升高温度至200-220℃反应3-4h，水洗提纯、分液除去未反应杂质，烘干后备用；
（3）将聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、异丙醇和3-5倍量的去离子水混合均匀，升高温度至75-80℃得到混合溶液，再向混合溶液中加入丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺和纳米氢氧化镁恒温搅拌1-2h，过滤、洗涤、干燥后粉碎成微粉备用；
（4）将步骤（2）制备的产物、聚醚多元醇及除甲苯二异氰酸酯以外其他剩余物质混合，在室温下以3000转/分的转速搅拌均匀，搅拌均匀后加入步骤（3）制备的产物，然后加入甲苯二异氰酸酯搅拌4-6S后迅速倒入发泡箱中，15-20min后从箱体中移出即得。
3.根据权利要求1-2所述一种微孔透气性能好的聚氨酯发泡海绵垫，其特征在于，所述聚醚多元醇由聚醚多元醇1、聚醚多元醇2、聚醚多元醇3分别按百分比含量10%-30%、10%-20%、20%-50%混合而成，聚醚多元醇1为羟值在50-100的三官能团聚醚多元醇，聚醚多元醇2为羟值在35-80的二官能团聚醚多元醇，聚醚多元醇3为羟值在250-280的三官能团聚醚多元醇。
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