CN106206738B - 一种积累型功率dmos器件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及功率半导体器件技术领域,具体涉及到一种积累型DMOS。本发明提出的一种积累型功率DMOS器件新结构,利用肖特基结的势垒区耗尽栅下的半导体区,从而解决常规积累型功率DMOS为常开型器件的问题。本发明提出的积累型功率DMOS除了是一种常关型器件,还具有阈值电压较低、导通电阻较小、体二极管反向恢复特性好、不存在寄生三极管等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功率半导体器件技术领域,具体涉及到一种积累型功率DMOS(双扩散金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)。
背景技术
功率DMOS开关速度快,开关损耗小;输入阻抗高,驱动功率小;频率特性好;跨导高度线性。大电流时它具有负的温度系数,没有双极功率器件的二次击穿问题,安全工作区大。功率DMOS器件的发展是在MOS器件自身优点的基础上,努力提高耐压和降低损耗的过程。
功率DMOS的导通电阻包括:源区电阻、沟道电阻、积累电阻、JFET电阻、漂移区电阻和漏区电阻。对于低压DMOS来说,沟道电阻在总导通电阻中也占有较重要的比重。为了降低功率DMOS的沟道电阻,以适应低功耗场合的应用,研究者提出了积累型的功率DMOS器件,即用与衬底相同掺杂的积累型沟道替代传统的反型层沟道。但是,积累型功率DMOS由于在栅上不加电压时始终处于导通状态,是一种常开型器件,因此具有较大的静态功耗。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种积累型功率DMOS,解决常规积累型功率DMOS为常开型器件的问题。本发明提出的积累型功率DMOS除了是一种常关型器件,还具有阈值电压较低、导通电阻较小、体二极管反向恢复特性好、不存在寄生三极管等优点。
本发明所采用的技术方案:一种积累型功率DMOS,包括从下至上依次层叠设置的金属化漏极1、N+衬底2、N漂移区3和金属化源极10;所述N漂移区3上层具有N-型轻掺杂区8;所述N-型轻掺杂区8正上方具有N+重掺杂区9;所述N+重掺杂区9的上表面与金属化源极10接触;所述N漂移区3内部还具有第一沟槽和第二沟槽;所述第一沟槽沿N+重掺杂区9上表面中部垂直向下依次贯穿N+重掺杂区9和N-型轻掺杂区8后延伸入N漂移区3中;所述第二沟槽位于第一沟槽两侧,第二沟槽沿N+重掺杂区9上表面垂直向下依次贯穿N+重掺杂区9和N-型轻掺杂区8后延伸入N漂移区3中;所述第一沟槽中具有多晶硅栅电极4和厚氧化层51,所述多晶硅栅电极4位于厚氧化层51的正上方,所述多晶硅栅电极4两侧具有栅氧化层53,所述多晶硅栅电极4正上方具有隔离氧化层54;所述第二沟槽的上部填充金属7,所述金属7的顶部与金属化源极10直接接触,所述金属7的正下方具有多晶硅场板6和氧化层52,所述多晶硅场板6的侧面及底部被氧化层52包围;所述金属7与N-型轻掺杂区8形成肖特基接触,金属7与N+重掺杂区9形成欧姆接触;所述N-型轻掺杂区8的宽度等于或小于金属7与N-型轻掺杂区8形成的肖特基结在不加偏置时的势垒区宽度;所述N-型轻掺杂区8下表面的深度大于金属7的下表面的深度,N-型轻掺杂区8下表面的深度小于多晶硅栅电极4下表面的深度。
进一步的,所述氧化层5为二氧化硅或者二氧化硅和氮化硅的复合材料。
进一步的,在氧化层52和厚栅氧化层51下方,注入了P型埋层11。
进一步的,所述多晶硅栅电极4的下表面延长到与多晶硅场板6下表面平齐。
本发明的有益效果为,本发明所提供一种积累型功率DMOS,解决常规积累型功率DMOS为常开型器件的问题。本发明提出的积累型功率DMOS除了是一种常关型器件,还具有阈值电压较低、导通电阻较小、体二极管反向恢复特性好、不存在寄生三极管等优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1所提供的积累型功率DMOS的剖面结构示意图;
图2是本发明实施例2所提供的积累型功率DMOS剖面结构示意图;
图3是本发明实施例3所提供的积累型功率DMOS剖面结构示意图;
图4是本发明实施例4所提供的积累型功率DMOS剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图,详细描述本发明的技术方案:
实施例1
如图1所示一种积累型功率DMOS,包括从下至上依次层叠设置的金属化漏极1、N+衬底2、N漂移区3和金属化源极10;所述N漂移区3上层具有N-型轻掺杂区8;所述N-型轻掺杂区8正上方具有N+重掺杂区9;所述N+重掺杂区9的上表面与金属化源极10接触;所述N漂移区3内部还具有第一沟槽和第二沟槽;所述第一沟槽沿N+重掺杂区9上表面中部垂直向下依次贯穿N+重掺杂区9和N-型轻掺杂区8后延伸入N漂移区3中;所述第二沟槽位于第一沟槽两侧,第二沟槽沿N+重掺杂区9上表面垂直向下依次贯穿N+重掺杂区9和N-型轻掺杂区8后延伸入N漂移区3中;所述第一沟槽中具有多晶硅栅电极4和厚氧化层51,所述多晶硅栅电极4位于厚氧化层51的正上方,所述多晶硅栅电极4两侧具有栅氧化层53,所述多晶硅栅电极4正上方具有隔离氧化层54;所述第二沟槽的上部填充金属7,所述金属7的顶部与金属化源极10直接接触,所述金属7的正下方具有多晶硅场板6和氧化层52,所述多晶硅场板6的侧面及底部被氧化层52包围;所述金属7与N-型轻掺杂区8形成肖特基接触,金属7与N+重掺杂区9形成欧姆接触;所述N-型轻掺杂区8的宽度等于或小于金属7与N-型轻掺杂区8形成的肖特基结在不加偏置时的势垒区宽度;所述N-型轻掺杂区8下表面的深度大于金属7的下表面的深度,N-型轻掺杂区8下表面的深度小于多晶硅栅电极4下表面的深度。
本发明的工作原理为:
(1)器件的正向导通
本发明所提供的积累型功率DMOS,其正向导通时的电极连接方式为:槽型栅电极4接正电位,金属化漏极1接正电位,金属化源极10接零电位。当槽型栅电极4为零电压或所加正电压非常小时,由于金属7和N-型轻掺杂区8形成的肖特基结存在势垒区,同时栅电极4和N-型轻掺杂区8存在功函数差,且N-型轻掺杂区8非常窄,故造成N-型轻掺杂区8完全耗尽,电子通道被阻断,此时积累型功率DMOS仍处于关闭状态。因此,该器件为常关型器件。
随着槽型栅电极4所加正电压的增加,N-型轻掺杂区8内的耗尽区逐渐缩小,器件由关断状态向开启状态转换。由于采用N-型轻掺杂区8代替了常规功率MOS中的P型体区,器件更容易开启,从而降低了阈值电压。当槽型栅电极4所加正电压等于或大于开启电压之后,由于栅氧化层53侧面处的N-型轻掺杂区8内产生多子电子的积累层,这为多子电流的流动提供了一条低阻通路,导通电阻从而得到降低,此时积累型功率DMOS导通,多子电子在金属化漏极1正电位的作用下从N+重掺杂区9流向金属化漏极1。由于本发明采取了更高的漂移区3掺杂浓度,有利于进一步降低导通电阻。另外,由于槽型栅电极4底部的栅氧化层51采取厚氧工艺,所以栅漏电容Cgd得到较大的改善。
(2)器件的反向阻断
本发明所提供的积累型功率DMOS,其反向阻断时的电极连接方式为:槽型栅电极4和金属化源极10短接且接零电位,金属化漏极1接正电位。
由于零偏压时金属7和栅氧化层53之间的N-型轻掺杂区8已经被完全耗尽,多子电子的导电通路被夹断。增大反向电压时,金属7和N-型轻掺杂区8形成的肖特基结反向偏置,势垒区展宽,N漂移区3开始承受反向耐压,由于体内场板6和厚栅氧化层51的存在,使N漂移区中形成横向电场,可以辅助N漂移区3耗尽,使漂移区电场接近矩形分布,因此可以提高击穿电压,减小肖特基结的漏电。
(3)体二极管反向恢复特性
由于本发明所提供的积累型功率DMOS的寄生体二极管不是PN结,而是肖特基结,在体二极管正向导通时,漂移区不存在过剩的少数载流子,因此体二极管的反向恢复时间短,反向恢复特性好。
此外,由于本发明所提供的积累型功率DMOS不存在P型体区,也就不存在寄生双极型晶体管,故没有寄生双极型晶体管开启带来的一系列可靠性问题。
实施例2
如图2所示,本例的结构为在实施例1的基础上,在体内场板6和厚栅氧化层5底部,注入了P型埋层11,这样在器件反向阻断时,P型埋层11和N漂移区3形成横向电场,进一步的增加了器件的击穿电压。
实施例3
如图3所示,本例的结构为在实施例1的基础上,没有在栅电极4下做厚氧化层,虽然这样器件的Cgd增加,但是电流路径得到了拓宽,有利于降低导通电阻。
实施例4
如图4所示,本例的结构为在实施例1的基础上,增加了栅电极4的长度。这样在N漂移区也形成电子积累层,增加了器件导通时漂移区电子的浓度,使器件的导通电阻降低。
制作器件时,还可用碳化硅、砷化镓或锗硅等半导体材料替代硅。
Claims (2)
1.一种积累型功率DMOS,包括从下至上依次层叠设置的金属化漏极(1)、N+衬底(2)、N漂移区(3)和金属化源极(10);所述N漂移区(3)上层具有N-型轻掺杂区(8);所述N-型轻掺杂区(8)正上方具有N+重掺杂区(9);所述N+重掺杂区(9)的上表面与金属化源极(10)接触;所述N漂移区(3)内部还具有第一沟槽和第二沟槽;所述第一沟槽沿N+重掺杂区(9)上表面中部垂直向下依次贯穿N+重掺杂区(9)和N-型轻掺杂区(8)后延伸入N漂移区(3)中;所述第二沟槽位于第一沟槽两侧,第二沟槽沿N+重掺杂区(9)上表面垂直向下依次贯穿N+重掺杂区(9)和N-型轻掺杂区(8)后延伸入N漂移区(3)中;所述第一沟槽中具有多晶硅栅电极(4)和厚氧化层(51),所述多晶硅栅电极(4)位于厚氧化层(51)的正上方,所述多晶硅栅电极(4)两侧具有栅氧化层(53),所述多晶硅栅电极(4)正上方具有隔离氧化层(54);所述第二沟槽的上部填充金属(7),所述金属(7)的顶部与金属化源极(10)直接接触,所述金属(7)的正下方具有多晶硅场板(6)和氧化层(52),所述多晶硅场板(6)的侧面及底部被氧化层(52)包围;所述金属(7)与N-型轻掺杂区(8)形成肖特基接触,金属(7)与N+重掺杂区(9)形成欧姆接触;所述N-型轻掺杂区(8)的宽度等于或小于金属(7)与N-型轻掺杂区(8)形成的肖特基结在不加偏置时的势垒区宽度;所述N-型轻掺杂区(8)下表面的深度大于金属(7)的下表面的深度,N-型轻掺杂区(8)下表面的深度小于多晶硅栅电极(4)下表面的深度;
所述氧化层(5)为二氧化硅或者二氧化硅和氮化硅的复合材料;在氧化层(52)和厚栅氧化层(51)下方,注入了P型埋层(11)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种积累型功率DMOS,其特征在于,所述多晶硅栅电极(4)的下表面延长到与多晶硅场板(6)下表面平齐。
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