CN106183781A - 一种用于混合动力汽车的传动系统 - Google Patents

一种用于混合动力汽车的传动系统 Download PDF

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CN106183781A
CN106183781A CN201610838062.9A CN201610838062A CN106183781A CN 106183781 A CN106183781 A CN 106183781A CN 201610838062 A CN201610838062 A CN 201610838062A CN 106183781 A CN106183781 A CN 106183781A
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gear
electromotor
clutch
ring
wheel
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CN106183781B (zh
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黄东
王庆来
景枫
周之光
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Chery Automobile Co Ltd
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SAIC Chery Automobile Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于混合动力汽车的传动系统,包括发动机、电动机、离合器以及行星轮系,所述行星轮系包括太阳轮、行星轮、行星轮架以及齿圈,所述离合器包括发动机离合器和齿圈离合器,所述发动机通过发动机离合器与齿圈相连,齿圈与行星轮架之间通过齿圈离合器相连,所述电动机与太阳轮相连,行星轮架与车轮相连。该传动系统结构相对简单、紧凑,可高效切换到各种模式下运行传动,实现多种模式运行,如纯电动模式、混动串联驱动模式、混动并联驱动模式、发动机单独驱动模式、行车充电模式、再生制动模式以及停车发电模式等,提高能量利用率。

Description

一种用于混合动力汽车的传动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力汽车技术领域,尤其是涉及一种用于混合动力汽车的传动系统。
背景技术
随着经济发展和科技进步,汽车不仅扮演着快节奏、高效率生活中代步工具角色,也是人们心目中第二个移动的家。所以汽车的功能越来越多,智能化、舒适性、动力性等要求也越来越高,同时车辆保有量的增长、化石能源的枯竭和大气环境的恶化也带来一系列的社会问题。
国家制定排放法规、颁布激励政策,制定长远规划大力推动清洁可再生能源的发展,对新能源汽车行业来说是个很大的发展机遇。与此同时,生活环境的持续恶化也唤醒了人们的节能环保意识,直接推动新能源汽车市场的发展。鉴于配套设施不完善和续航里程短,纯电动汽车的普及还有待时日,所以混合动力车型应运而生并广受推崇,各大型车企都在积极研发相关系统,其关键技术就是混合动力专用变速箱的集成开发。
在混合动力系统的具体应用上,为了更好的协调各部件工作,必须配备传动系统。现有混合动力汽车的传统系统结构复杂不紧凑,各种模式切换不简便,不能高效的切换传动。
发明内容
针对现有技术不足,本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种用于混合动力汽车的传动系统,其相对结构简单,可高效切换到各种模式下运行传动。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案为:
该用于混合动力汽车的传动系统,包括发动机、电动机、离合器以及行星轮系,所述行星轮系包括太阳轮、行星轮、行星轮架以及齿圈,所述离合器包括发动机离合器和齿圈离合器,所述发动机通过发动机离合器与齿圈相连,齿圈与行星轮架之间通过齿圈离合器相连,所述电动机与太阳轮相连,行星轮架与车轮相连。
进一步的,还包括发电机和电池组,所述发电机和电池组相连,所述发动机与发电机之间通过齿轮组相连。
还包括倒挡传动轮组,所述倒挡传动轮组包括相连的倒挡主动轮和倒挡从动轮,所述倒挡主动轮通过倒挡离合器与发动机离合器相连,倒挡从动轮与行星轮架相连。
所述发动机的输出轴和电动机的输出轴并排平行设置。
所述电动机和太阳轮之间通过减速齿轮组相连,或电动机与太阳轮直接相连。
所述齿圈上连有齿圈制动器。
所述行星轮架与车轮之间通过相啮合的行星架齿轮和动力输出轮相连,行星架齿轮和动力输出轮之间可设置齿轮组或行星轮。
所述齿圈包括内圈轮齿和外圈轮齿,所述内圈轮齿和行星轮相啮合,所述外圈轮齿和与发动机离合器相连的外齿圈驱动轮相啮合。
所述电动机与电池组之间通过逆变器相连。
所述倒挡主动轮为倒挡链轮主动轮,倒挡从动轮为倒挡链轮从动轮,倒挡链轮主动轮与倒挡链轮从动轮之间通过链条相连。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点:
该传动系统结构相对简单、紧凑,可高效切换到各种模式下运行传动,实现多种模式运行,如纯电动模式、混动串联驱动模式、混动并联驱动模式、发动机单独驱动模式、行车充电模式、再生制动模式以及停车发电模式等,提高能量利用率。
附图说明
下面对本说明书各幅附图所表达的内容及图中的标记作简要说明:
图1为本发明混合动力变速箱动力传递装置示意图。
图2为本发明纯电动模式动力传递示意图。
图3为本发明并联式混动模式动力传递示意图一。
图4为本发明并联式混动模式动力传递示意图二。
图5为本发明串联式混动模式动力传递示意图。
图6为本发明纯发动机驱动模式及行车充电模式动力传递示意图。
图7为本发明纯发动机驱动倒车模式动力传递示意图。
图8为本发明滑行/制动能量回收模式动力传递示意图。
图9为本发明驻车充电模式动力传递示意图。
图10为本发明杠杆作用下转速调节示意图。
图11为本发明加装齿圈制动器的混合动力传动系统示意图。
具体实施方式
下面对照附图,通过对实施例的描述,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。
如图1所示,该用于混合动力汽车的传动系统,包括发动机21、电动机18、发电机22、电池组20、离合器、行星轮系以及倒挡传动轮组。
行星轮系包括太阳轮15、行星轮14、行星轮架8以及齿圈6,太阳轮15与行星轮14相啮合,行星轮14与齿圈6的内齿相啮合,行星轮14设在行星轮架8上。离合器包括发动机离合器3和齿圈离合器7以及倒挡离合器5。
发动机21的输出轴和电动机18的输出轴并排平行设置,结构紧凑。发电机和电池组之间、电动机与电池组之间均通过逆变器19相连。发动机与发电机之间通过齿轮组相连,齿轮组为与发动机相连的发电机主动轮1和与发电机相连的发电机从动轮2,发电机主动轮1与发电机从动轮2相啮合。
发动机21通过发动机离合器3与齿圈6相连,齿圈6与行星轮架之间通过齿圈离合器7相连,齿圈6包括设在齿圈本体上的内圈轮齿和外圈轮齿,内圈轮齿和行星轮14相啮合,外圈轮齿和与发动机离合器相连的外齿圈驱动轮4相啮合。
电动机18与太阳轮15相连;具体为,电动机18和太阳轮15之间通过减速齿轮组相连,或电动机与太阳轮直接相连。减速齿轮组为相啮合的驱动电机主动轮17和驱动电机从动轮16,驱动电机主动轮与电动机相连,驱动电机从动轮与太阳轮相连。
行星轮架8与车轮23相连,输出动力。具体为,行星轮架8与车轮23之间通过相啮合的行星架齿轮9和动力输出轮10相连。进一步的,行星架齿轮和动力输出轮之间可设置齿轮组或行星轮,用于速比调整等。
倒挡传动轮组包括相连的倒挡主动轮和倒挡从动轮,倒挡主动轮通过倒挡离合器与发动机离合器相连,倒挡从动轮与行星轮架相连。优选的,倒挡主动轮为倒挡链轮主动轮11,倒挡从动轮为倒挡链轮从动轮13,倒挡链轮主动轮与倒挡链轮从动轮之间通过链条12相连。
本发明的传动系统由十七个主要组件构成,为了减小轴向尺寸,发动机轴与电机轴平行布置,结构紧凑,便于在整车上的集成设计。该系统动力源来自电动机18和发动机21两部分,电池组20通过逆变器/变压器19与电动机18和发电机22连接,行星轮系主要用于动力传递以及分配,并最终将动力传递给车轮23,来实现混合动力汽车在各种工作模式之间切换和运行。
如图2所示,车辆运行模式为纯电动模式,即发动机21不工作,发动机离合器3分离,切断发动机与行星轮系之间的动力传递,倒挡离合器5分离,齿圈离合器7接合,仅由电动机18驱动车辆行驶。电池组20放电,经过逆变器/变压器19将直流电转换为三相交流电后驱动电动机18主轴旋转,电动机18将电能转换为机械能传递给齿轮17,齿轮17通过齿轮啮合将机械能传递给齿轮16,齿轮16通过传动轴将机械能传递给行星轮系的太阳轮15,太阳轮与行星轮14啮合,并将机械能传递给行星架8和行星架齿轮9,行星架齿轮与动力输出轴齿轮10啮合,将机械能传递给车轮23。电动机18既可以正转也可以反转,正转时车辆前行,反转时实现纯电动模式下的倒车功能。
如图3所示,车辆运行模式为并联式混合驱动模式,即发动机21和电动机18共同工作,联合驱动车辆行驶,可以输出较大的功率,提高整车动力性。执行器状态:发动机离合器3结合,使发动机曲轴与齿轮4连接,实现能量的传递、倒挡离合器5分离、齿圈离合器7接合。发动机21输出机械能,并通过发动机离合器3传递给齿轮4,齿轮4与行星轮系的齿圈6的外齿啮合,并将机械能传递给齿圈6,齿圈6通过接合后的齿圈离合器7将机械能传递给行星架8。同时,电动机18输出机械能,通过电动机齿轮17传递给太阳轮齿轮16,太阳轮齿轮16将机械能传递给太阳轮15,太阳轮15通过行星轮14将机械能传递给行星架8。行星架8混合了来自发动机21和电动机18两个动力源的机械能,并且通过行星架齿轮9传递给变速箱动力输出轮10,最后将机械能传递给车轮23驱动车辆行驶。
在车辆运行模式从纯电动切换到并联式混动过程中,发动机离合器3先不接合,使用发电机22倒拖发动机18起动,然后控制发动机18调节转速,使发动机离合器3两侧的转速差较小甚至转速相同时,再快速接合发动机离合器3,根据控制策略逐渐增加发动机扭矩,实现快速、平顺的模式切换,发动机平稳介入驱动车辆行驶,并减少发动机离合器3的滑磨,提高该离合器的使用寿命。
此外,控制系统可以根据需求关闭或者打开发电机22的发电功能,发电功能开启后,发电机主动轮1将发动机21的部分机械能传递给发电机从动轮2,发电机从动轮2再将机械能传递给发电机22,发电机22将机械能转换为电能,可以直接提供给电动机18使用,多余的能量可以通过逆变器/变压器19将三相交流电转换成直流电存入电池组20。可以让发动机21工作在最佳燃油效率区间内,提高节油率。
如图4所示,车辆运行模式仍然为并联式混合驱动模式,与图3所示并联模式不同的地方是齿圈离合器7分离,发动机21输出的机械能通过齿圈6与行星轮14的齿轮啮合传递给行星架8;而电动机18输出的机械能通过太阳轮15与行星轮14的齿轮啮合传递给行星架8,行星架8混合发动机21和电动机18的机械能后,经过行星架齿轮9传递给动力输出轮10。图3和图4所示两种不同传动比的并联模式可以形成两个挡位,应用于不同的驱动工况,而且图4所示的驱动模式下,发动机21、行星架8和电动机18的转速在行星轮系的杠杆作用下(如图10所示),可以保持行星架8转速不变,发动机21在转速①和转速②之间进行调节,以优化发动机21的运行工况,提高节油率。
如图5所示,车辆运行模式为串联式混动模式,即发动机21不参与驱动车辆行驶,可以工作在燃油消耗率较低的工况,将动力传递给发电机22,发电机22将机械能转换为电能,产生的电能一部分提供给电动机18用来驱动车辆行驶,剩下的一部分经过逆变器/变压器19转换成直流电后存入电池组20备用。执行器状态:发动机离合器3分离,倒挡离合器5分离,齿圈离合器7接合。发动机21输出的机械能传递给发电机主动轮1,发电机主动轮1通过齿轮啮合将机械能传递给发电机从动轮2,发电机从动轮2将机械能传递给发电机22,发电机22将机械能转换为电能,输送到逆变器/变压器19上进行电能的转换和分配,一部分输送给电动机18转换为机械能,传递给驱动电机主动轮17,并通过齿轮啮合传递给驱动电机从动轮16,驱动电机从动轮16与行星轮系太阳轮15同轴,机械能传递给太阳轮15,太阳轮15与行星轮14齿轮啮合,将机械能传递给行星架8,行星架齿轮9通过齿轮啮合将机械能传递给动力输出轮10。
如图6所示,车辆运行模式为纯发动机驱动模式及行车充电模式,即发动机21工作,而电动机18不工作,仅由发动机21提供动力驱动车辆起步和行驶。同时,还可以根据需要决策是否开启行车充电模式,开启行车充电模式后会将发动机21输出的机械能分出一部分提供给发电机22,由发电机22将机械能转换为电能存入电池组20备用。执行器状态:发动机离合器3接合,倒挡离合器5分离,齿圈离合器7接合。发动机21输出机械能,通过发动机离合器3传递给发动机齿轮4,发动机齿轮4与行星轮系的齿圈6的外齿啮合,并通过齿圈离合器7将机械能传递给行星架8,并通过行星架齿轮9将机械能传递给动力输出轮10。
当开启行车充电工作模式后,发动机21可以运行在最佳燃油效率工况区间,根据发电机22的功率需求,将发动机21输出的机械能分出一部分,并通过发电机主动轮1和发电机从动轮2传递给发电机22,发电机22将这部分机械能转换为电能,经过逆变器/变压器19将三相交流电转换为直流电后,存入电池组20备用。
如图7所示,车辆运行模式为纯发动机驱动倒车模式。在使用电能的驱动系统出现故障时,该方案不仅能够实现传统动力发动机驱动的车辆起步和行驶功能(如图6所示),还能够实现发动机驱动的倒车功能。执行器状态:发动机离合器3接合,倒挡离合器5接合,齿圈离合器7分离。发动机21输出的机械能通过发动机离合器3传递给倒挡离合器5,并通过倒挡链轮11和链条12传递给倒挡链轮13,由行星架齿轮9将机械能传递给动力输出轮10,驱动车辆实现倒车功能。
如图8所示,车辆运行模式为滑行/制动能量回收模式,即车辆滑行或者制动时,动力系统给车辆提供反向力矩,将车辆的部分动能经由电动机18转换为电能,存入电池组20备用。执行器状态:发动机离合器3分离,倒挡离合器5分离,齿圈离合器7接合。车辆运行时因为惯性作用会具有动能,在滑行和制动工况下,电动机18开启发电工作模式,并通过变速箱的齿轮机构给车轮提供一定程度的反向力矩,减小车辆的动能,降低车速。车辆减小的一部分动能会通过车轮23转换为机械能传递给动力输出轮10,动力输出轮10通过齿轮啮合将机械能传递给行星架齿轮9,行星架8通过齿圈离合器7将机械能传递给行星轮14,行星轮14将机械能传递给太阳轮15,太阳轮15将机械能传递给同轴转动的驱动电机从动轮16,驱动电机从动轮16通过齿轮啮合将机械能传递给驱动电机主动轮17,然后传递给电动机18,电动机18将机械能转换为电能,经由逆变器/变压器19转换后将电能存入电池组20中备用,这样就在辅助车辆减速或者制动的同时,回收了一部分能量存入电池组20中备用,有利于降低油耗,提高燃油经济性。
如图9所示,车辆工作模式为驻车充电模式。在电池组20电量较低时,可以在驻车的工况下起动发动机21,由发动机21输出机械能传递给发电机22,由发电机22将机械能转换为电能存入电池组20中。执行器状态:发动机离合器3分离,倒挡离合器5分离,齿圈离合器7不驱动处于自然状态(即离合器可以分离也可以结合)。发动机21输出机械能传递给发电机主动轮1,发电机主动轮1通过齿轮啮合将机械能传递给发电机从动轮2,发电机从动轮2将机械能传递给发电机22,发电机22将机械能转换为电能输送给逆变器/变压器19,经由逆变器/变压器19转换后将电能存入电池组20中备用。
如图11所示,在前面所述方案的基础上,可以在齿圈6上加装齿圈制动器24,纯电动模式时协调对齿圈制动器24和齿圈离合器7的操作,能够实现两个挡位的切换,有利于车辆的动力性和经济性。当齿圈制动器24松开时,即可实现图1至图10所示的所有工作模式。
上面结合附图对本发明进行了示例性描述,显然本发明具体实现并不受上述方式的限制,只要采用了本发明的构思和技术方案进行的各种非实质性的改进,或未经改进将本发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的,均在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于混合动力汽车的传动系统,包括发动机、电动机、离合器以及行星轮系,所述行星轮系包括太阳轮、行星轮、行星轮架以及齿圈,其特征在于:所述离合器包括发动机离合器和齿圈离合器,所述发动机通过发动机离合器与齿圈相连,齿圈与行星轮架之间通过齿圈离合器相连,所述电动机与太阳轮相连,行星轮架与车轮相连。
2.如权利要求1所述用于混合动力汽车的传动系统,其特征在于:还包括发电机和电池组,所述发电机和电池组相连,所述发动机与发电机之间通过齿轮组相连。
3.如权利要求1所述用于混合动力汽车的传动系统,其特征在于:还包括倒挡传动轮组,所述倒挡传动轮组包括相连的倒挡主动轮和倒挡从动轮,所述倒挡主动轮通过倒挡离合器与发动机离合器相连,倒挡从动轮与行星轮架相连。
4.如权利要求1所述用于混合动力汽车的传动系统,其特征在于:所述发动机的输出轴和电动机的输出轴并排平行设置。
5.如权利要求1所述用于混合动力汽车的传动系统,其特征在于:所述电动机和太阳轮之间通过减速齿轮组相连,或电动机与太阳轮直接相连。
6.如权利要求1所述用于混合动力汽车的传动系统,其特征在于:所述齿圈上连有齿圈制动器。
7.如权利要求1所述用于混合动力汽车的传动系统,其特征在于:所述行星轮架与车轮之间通过相啮合的行星架齿轮和动力输出轮相连,行星架齿轮和动力输出轮之间可设置齿轮组或行星轮。
8.如权利要求1所述用于混合动力汽车的传动系统,其特征在于:所述齿圈包括内圈轮齿和外圈轮齿,所述内圈轮齿和行星轮相啮合,所述外圈轮齿和与发动机离合器相连的外齿圈驱动轮相啮合。
9.如权利要求2所述用于混合动力汽车的传动系统,其特征在于:所述电动机与电池组之间通过逆变器相连。
10.如权利要求3所述用于混合动力汽车的传动系统,其特征在于:所述倒挡主动轮为倒挡链轮主动轮,倒挡从动轮为倒挡链轮从动轮,倒挡链轮主动轮与倒挡链轮从动轮之间通过链条相连。
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CN107791822A (zh) * 2017-10-26 2018-03-13 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 一种混合动力驱动系统及汽车驱动的控制方法
CN111152639A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-15 义乌吉利自动变速器有限公司 车辆混合动力系统及车辆
CN111152639B (zh) * 2019-12-31 2021-04-27 义乌吉利自动变速器有限公司 车辆混合动力系统及车辆
CN114407637A (zh) * 2022-01-12 2022-04-29 如果科技有限公司 动力传动系统及车辆
CN114407637B (zh) * 2022-01-12 2024-04-19 如果科技有限公司 动力传动系统及车辆

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