CN106183136B - 一种电磁屏蔽复合膜材料及其制备和应用 - Google Patents

一种电磁屏蔽复合膜材料及其制备和应用 Download PDF

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CN106183136B
CN106183136B CN201610536694.XA CN201610536694A CN106183136B CN 106183136 B CN106183136 B CN 106183136B CN 201610536694 A CN201610536694 A CN 201610536694A CN 106183136 B CN106183136 B CN 106183136B
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许福军
孙立军
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种电磁屏蔽复合膜材料及其制备和应用,包括:石墨烯/碳纳米管复合膜(1)、聚苯胺膜(2)和保护层树脂(4),其中聚苯胺膜(2)通过粘合剂(3)粘附于石墨烯/碳纳米管复合膜中碳纳米管薄膜的表面。制备:将石墨烯悬浮液沉积于一层碳纳米管薄膜上,室温自然晾干,得到石墨烯/碳纳米管复合膜;通过粘合剂,将聚苯胺薄膜粘附于石墨烯/碳纳米管复合膜中碳纳米管薄膜的表面,形成石墨烯/碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合膜;然后在复合膜的上下表面涂覆树脂,固化,即得。本发明电磁屏蔽复合膜材料的电磁屏蔽性能优良,同时可承受一定弯曲和压缩变形;该柔性电磁屏蔽膜可以用于智能可穿戴服装和多功能电磁防护织物中等领域具有广泛的应用。

Description

一种电磁屏蔽复合膜材料及其制备和应用
技术领域
本发明属于电磁屏蔽材料及其制备和应用领域,特别涉及一种电磁屏蔽复合膜材料及其制备和应用。
背景技术
随着现代电子工业的高速发展,电子电器和无线电通讯得以普遍使用,电磁波引起的电磁干扰问题日益严重,电磁波污染己成为继噪声污染、大气污染、水污染、固体废物污染之后的又一大公害。电磁波不仅会干扰各种电子设备的正常运行,威胁到通信设备的信息安全,而且还会对人类的身体健康产生极大的危害。目前消除电磁波危害的主要方法是采用电磁屏蔽材料对其进行屏蔽。探索高效的电磁屏蔽材料,防止电磁波污染以保护环境和人体的健康,防止电磁波泄漏以保障信息安全,已经成为当今社会迫切需要解决的问题。
目前市场上很多电磁屏蔽材料都是通过材料表面金属镀溅、涂覆、贴覆或通过混纺导电纤维等方式,在制备和使用过程中容易出现很多问题,如金属与材料结合能力差,容易脱落,镀层容易被刮擦而失去屏蔽性能,制备过程污染严重等,而且材料较粗硬,柔韧性差,不透气、手感性较差,不可穿戴,而且很难满足现代电磁屏蔽材料所需的“薄、轻、宽、强”的特性,因此,迫切需要研发一种具有高电磁屏蔽性能、柔韧性好、轻薄、耐久性好、可穿戴的电磁屏蔽材料。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种电磁屏蔽复合膜材料及其制备和应用,本发明制备工艺简单,适合工业化生产,制备得到的电磁屏蔽膜材料柔韧性好、电磁屏蔽性能优良(1-5GHz频率内,电磁波吸收率99%以上),可承受一定弯曲和压缩变形。
本发明的一种电磁屏蔽复合膜材料,所述电磁屏蔽复合膜材料包括:石墨烯/碳纳米管复合膜(1)、聚苯胺膜(2)、粘合剂(3)、保护层树脂(4),其中聚苯胺膜(2)通过粘合剂(3)粘附于石墨烯/碳纳米管复合膜中碳纳米管薄膜的表面,膜厚可根据需要控制在0.5mm-3mm,优选为1mm。
所述粘合剂为聚二甲基硅氧烷、丙烯酸、聚氨酯中的一种或几种;树脂为弹性树脂。
所述弹性树脂为聚氨酯、聚二甲基硅氧烷或橡胶。
本发明的一种电磁屏蔽复合膜材料的制备方法,包括:
(1)将石墨烯沉积于一层碳纳米管薄膜上,室温自然晾干,得到石墨烯/碳纳米管复合膜;
(2)通过粘合剂,将聚苯胺薄膜粘附于石墨烯/碳纳米管复合膜中碳纳米管薄膜的表面,形成石墨烯/碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合膜;
(3)在上述石墨烯/碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合膜的上下表面涂覆具有保护作用的树脂,固化,即得电磁屏蔽复合膜材料。
所述步骤(1)中石墨烯沉积于一层碳纳米管薄膜上具体为:将石墨烯悬浮液通过布氏漏斗抽滤沉积于一层碳纳米管膜上。
所述石墨烯悬浮液的浓度为1mg/ml-50mg/ml。
所述步骤(1)中碳纳米管薄膜为:可由单壁或多壁碳纳米管制得,碳纳米管直径为10nm-100nm,薄膜厚度为10μm-50μm,孔隙率为35%-75%,拉伸强度为100MPa-500MPa,电导率为104-105S/m。
步骤(2)中聚苯胺薄膜为采用乙醇助溶分散—溶液浇注成膜/压片成膜的方法,制备聚苯胺薄膜,具体为:将聚苯胺研磨10-15min,然后分散到无水乙醇中,接着用细胞粉碎机粉碎5-10min,将得到的溶液超声1-1.5h后,在玻璃板上浇注成膜,在水中浸泡3-10分钟,得到自支撑聚苯胺薄膜;或将聚苯胺研磨10-15min,然后分散到无水乙醇中,接着用细胞粉碎机粉碎5-10min,将得到的溶液超声1-1.5h后,最后水浴加热蒸发多余的乙醇得到聚苯胺粉末,在室温、压强2-3MPa下压制成薄膜。
所述步骤(2)中粘合剂为液体粘合剂,为聚二甲基硅氧烷、丙烯酸、聚氨酯中的一种或几种。
步骤(2)石墨烯/碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合膜进行裁剪,然后层叠铺放粘合,得到单层或多层石墨烯/碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合膜;其中层数为1-10层。
所述步骤(3)中树脂为弹性树脂。
所述弹性树脂为聚氨酯、聚二甲基硅氧烷或橡胶。
涂覆树脂的涂覆厚度可根据需要选择,也可以直接粘合相应的薄膜类材料。
所述步骤(3)中固化参数(如固化时间、温度等条件)由所选择的树脂决定,一般为温度:25℃-150℃,时间:0.5h-24h。
本发明的一种电磁屏蔽复合膜材料的应用,所述电磁屏蔽复合膜材料用于智能可穿戴服装和多功能电磁防护织物中。
本发明的复合膜具有使用方向性,将聚苯胺层朝向被屏蔽体,其对电磁波的反射可加强复合膜对电磁波的多次吸收;将石墨烯层朝向被屏蔽体,对电磁波的反射效率增强,可根据使用需求合理安排复合膜的使用方向。
本发明提供了一种柔性电磁屏蔽复合膜,采用了碳纳米管膜作为柔性电磁屏蔽复合膜的主体材料,并将石墨烯、聚苯胺分别复合于碳纳米管膜的上下两表面,并且采用涂覆树脂的方式加以保护,使其不易磨损,有效防止电磁屏蔽层的破坏,提高了材料的安全性与耐久性,最终制得柔性电磁屏蔽复合膜。本发明制备工艺简单,适合工业化生产,制备得到的电磁屏蔽膜材料柔韧性好、电磁屏蔽性能优良(1-5GHz频率内,电磁波吸收率99%以上),可承受一定弯曲和压缩变形。此柔性电磁屏蔽复合膜材料可灵活选择树脂,并且可以设计不同的厚度,还可以对其进行裁剪,选择不同形状和大小,满足不同应用的需求,可以用于智能可穿戴服装和多功能电磁防护织物中,在军用和民用的智能防护领域具有广泛的应用。
有益效果
(1)本发明采用碳纳米管膜制备电磁屏蔽材料,电磁性能优于传统材料,同时又拥有较大的长径比,具有纳米尺寸效应,相对于其它金属颗粒和石墨颗粒,具有吸收频带宽、多功能、质量轻、厚度薄、柔性可变形等特点;
(2)本发明采用电磁屏蔽材料的多重复合方法,若聚苯胺层朝向被屏蔽体,可以达到超高电磁屏蔽吸收效率:石墨烯加强了碳纳米管膜对电磁波的吸收,同时聚苯胺对电磁波的反射使得复合膜进一步对电磁波加以吸收;
(3)本发明采用涂覆树脂的方式保护碳纳米管膜,使其不易磨损破坏,电磁屏蔽性能稳定,提高了材料的耐久性;
(4)本发明制备方法简单易行,适合产业化推广,具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是超薄柔性电磁屏蔽复合膜材料示意图;其中1—碳纳米管/石墨烯复合膜;2—聚苯胺薄膜;3—粘合剂;4—保护层树脂;
图2是超高屏蔽效能的电磁屏蔽膜示意图;其中1—碳纳米管/石墨烯复合膜;2—聚苯胺薄膜;3—粘合剂;4—保护层树脂;
图3是柔性电磁屏蔽粘附膜示意图;其中,1—碳纳米管/石墨烯复合膜;2—聚苯胺薄膜;3—粘合剂;4—保护层树脂;5—双面胶。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
(1)选用尺寸为20×20cm2的碳纳米管膜1(中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所),膜厚度为20μm,孔隙率为75%,拉伸强度为约200MPa,电导率约1×105S/m;
(2)选用2mg/ml的石墨烯悬浮液(纽美泰新材料有限公司);
(3)聚苯胺(阿法埃莎公司),其电导率为1S/cm。
(4)将PDMS(聚二甲基硅氧烷)液体(道康宁公司DC184)与固化剂按10:1比例混合均匀得到PDMS液体粘合剂3,保护层树脂采用水溶性聚氨酯树脂4(拜耳科技有限公司)。
制备步骤:
将均匀分散的石墨烯悬浮液通过布氏漏斗抽滤沉积在一层超薄碳纳米管膜上,在室温下自然晾干,得到超薄碳纳米管/石墨烯复合膜;
采用乙醇助溶分散—溶液浇注成膜的方法:将聚苯胺研磨10min,然后分散到无水乙醇中,接着用细胞粉碎机粉碎5min,将得到的溶液超声1h后,在玻璃板上浇注成膜,在水中浸泡五分钟,得到自支撑聚苯胺薄膜,厚度约为0.1mm;
通过一层厚度约为0.2mmPDMS粘合剂,将聚苯胺薄膜粘附于碳纳米管膜的下表面形成碳纳米管/石墨烯/聚苯胺复合膜;最后,在复合膜上下两表面均匀涂覆一层聚氨酯树脂,厚度约为0.3mm,使其在60℃下固化12小时;固化结束后即可制得超薄柔性电磁屏蔽复合膜。
该超薄柔性电磁屏蔽复合膜厚度约为0.9mm,可吸收频带宽,电磁屏蔽效能高,在1-5GHz频率内,电磁波吸收率99%以上,屏蔽效能可达35dB,具有“轻、薄、柔、宽、强”的特性,可作为新一代柔性电磁屏蔽材料。
实施例2
(1)选用尺寸为60×20cm2的碳纳米管膜1(中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所),膜厚度为20μm,孔隙率为75%,拉伸强度为约200MPa,电导率约1×105S/m;
(2)选用2mg/ml的石墨烯悬浮液(纽美泰新材料有限公司);
(3)聚苯胺(阿法埃莎公司),其电导率为1S/cm。
(4)将PDMS(聚二甲基硅氧烷)液体(道康宁公司DC184)与固化剂按10:1比例混合均匀得到PDMS液体粘合剂3,并涂覆在碳纳米管复合膜的上下表面作为保护层树脂4。
制备步骤:
将均匀分散的石墨烯悬浮液通过布氏漏斗抽滤沉积在一层超薄碳纳米管膜上,在室温下自然晾干,得到超薄碳纳米管/石墨烯复合膜;
采用乙醇助溶分散—溶液浇注成膜的方法:将聚苯胺研磨10min,然后分散到无水乙醇中,接着用细胞粉碎机粉碎5min,将得到的溶液超声1h后,在玻璃板上浇注成膜,在水中浸泡五分钟,得到自支撑聚苯胺薄膜,厚度约为0.1mm;再次,通过一层厚度约为0.2mmPDMS粘合剂,将聚苯胺薄膜粘附于碳纳米管膜的下表面形成碳纳米管/石墨烯/聚苯胺复合膜;最后,将上述复合膜裁剪成三块20×20cm2的小块膜,通过PDMS粘合剂粘合后层叠铺放,再在三层复合膜上下两表面均匀涂覆一层PDMS,厚度约为0.3mm,使其在80℃下固化10小时;固化结束后即可制得柔性电磁屏蔽复合膜。
该柔性电磁屏蔽复合膜采用了3层纳米电磁屏蔽复合膜,屏蔽测试结果可达到50dB,即屏蔽效率可达99.999%,可作为工业、军事柔性电磁屏蔽材料,有效防止电磁波辐射和泄露,保障人身安全,维护国家信息、政治、军事安全。
实施例3
(1)选用尺寸为20×20cm2的碳纳米管膜1(中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所),膜厚度为20μm,孔隙率为75%,拉伸强度为约200MPa,电导率约1×105S/m;
(2)选用2mg/ml的石墨烯悬浮液(纽美泰新材料有限公司);
(3)聚苯胺2(阿法埃莎公司),其电导率为1S/cm。
(4)将PDMS(聚二甲基硅氧烷)液体(道康宁公司DC184)与固化剂按10:1比例混合均匀得到PDMS液体粘合剂3,保护层树脂采用水溶性聚氨酯树脂4(拜耳科技有限公司)。
(5)选用厚度为0.5mm的亚克力透明双面胶5(上海璨兴复合材料有限公司),尺寸为20×20cm2
制备步骤:
将均匀分散的石墨烯悬浮液通过布氏漏斗抽滤沉积在一层超薄碳纳米管膜上,在室温下自然晾干,得到超薄碳纳米管/石墨烯复合膜;
采用乙醇助溶分散—压片成膜的方法:将聚苯胺研磨10min,然后分散到无水乙醇中,接着用细胞粉碎机粉碎5min,将得到的溶液超声1h,最后水浴加热蒸发多余的乙醇得到聚苯胺粉末,在室温、压强3MPa下压制成多片厚度约为0.5mm的薄膜;
通过一层厚度约为0.2mmPDMS粘合剂,将聚苯胺薄膜粘附于碳纳米管膜的下表面形成碳纳米管/石墨烯/聚苯胺复合膜;最后,在复合膜上下两表面均匀涂覆一层聚氨酯树脂,厚度约为0.3mm,使其在60℃下固化12小时;固化结束后将聚氨酯膜一面粘附一层双面粘性胶体,即可制得柔性复合电磁屏蔽粘附膜。
该电磁屏蔽粘附膜可以迅速粘附在需要屏蔽的结构(如帐篷,电磁发生装置等)表面,形成快速的电磁屏蔽效果。

Claims (8)

1.一种电磁屏蔽复合膜材料的制备方法,包括:
(1)将石墨烯悬浮液沉积于一层碳纳米管薄膜上,室温自然晾干,得到石墨烯/碳纳米管复合膜,其中石墨烯悬浮液沉积于一层碳纳米管薄膜上具体为:将石墨烯悬浮液通过布氏漏斗抽滤沉积于一层碳纳米管膜上;
(2)通过粘合剂,将聚苯胺薄膜粘附于石墨烯/碳纳米管复合膜中碳纳米管薄膜的表面,形成石墨烯/碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合膜;
(3)在上述石墨烯/碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合膜的上下表面涂覆树脂,固化,即得电磁屏蔽复合膜材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种电磁屏蔽复合膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中石墨烯悬浮液的浓度为1mg/ml-50mg/ml。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种电磁屏蔽复合膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中碳纳米管薄膜为:碳纳米管直径为10nm-100nm,薄膜厚度为10μm-50μm,孔隙率为35%-75%,拉伸强度为100MPa-500MPa,电导率为104-105S/m。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种电磁屏蔽复合膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中石墨烯/碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合膜进行裁剪,然后层叠铺放粘合,得到单层或多层石墨烯/碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合膜;其中层数为1-10层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种电磁屏蔽复合膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中电磁屏蔽复合膜材料包括:石墨烯/碳纳米管复合膜(1)、聚苯胺膜(2)、粘合剂(3)、保护层树脂(4),其中聚苯胺膜通过粘合剂黏附于石墨烯/碳纳米管复合膜表面;电磁屏蔽复合膜材料具有使用方向性,将聚苯胺层朝向被屏蔽体,其对电磁波的反射加强复合膜对电磁波的多次吸收;将石墨烯层朝向被屏蔽体,对电磁波的反射效率增强,根据使用需求合理安排复合膜的使用方向。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种电磁屏蔽复合膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述粘合剂为聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚氨酯中的一种或几种;树脂为弹性树脂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种电磁屏蔽复合膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述弹性树脂为聚氨酯、聚二甲基硅氧烷或橡胶。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种电磁屏蔽复合膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中电磁屏蔽复合膜材料用于智能可穿戴服装和多功能电磁防护织物中。
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