CN106165117B - 用于具有改进的电池连接拓扑的光伏模块的背侧接触层 - Google Patents

用于具有改进的电池连接拓扑的光伏模块的背侧接触层 Download PDF

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CN106165117B
CN106165117B CN201580018820.6A CN201580018820A CN106165117B CN 106165117 B CN106165117 B CN 106165117B CN 201580018820 A CN201580018820 A CN 201580018820A CN 106165117 B CN106165117 B CN 106165117B
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巴斯·伯纳德瑞斯·凡阿肯
艾弗特·尤金·本德
安东尼乌斯·拉德伯德·伯格斯
马库斯·约翰·詹森
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Abstract

提供了用于包括多个光伏电池(i,j)的光伏模块的背侧连接层,多个光伏电池(i,j)为具有一个或多个背侧触点的类型,并且被划分为预设数量的串(3)的串联连接光伏电池(i,j)。旁路二极管可并联连接至预设数量的串(3)中的每个,并且设置三个或更多的串(3)。多个光伏电池(i,j)定位成使得至预设数量的串(3)的中的每个的最后光伏电池和第一光伏电池的电连接设置在背侧连接层的、与光伏电池(i,j)的二乘二布置的部分重叠的部分中。

Description

用于具有改进的电池连接拓扑的光伏模块的背侧接触层
技术领域
本发明涉及用于包括多个光伏电池的光伏模块的背侧连接层(例如箔或基板),多个光伏电池为具有一个或多个背侧触点的类型。多个光伏电池被划分为预设数量的串的串联光伏电池,并且旁路二极管可并联连接至预设数量的串中的每个。
背景技术
国际专利公布WO2013/182955公开了用于包括背接触式太阳能电池的光伏模块的背板。所提供的导电背板形成为连接至模块的太阳能电池的电极的连接电路。
在常规的光伏面板实施例中,放置在电池区域之外的交叉连接器可使电池连接至接线盒,这在工业中广泛地用于焊接H型模块。这种解决方案增加了模块的区域/大小且不美观,并且在光伏面板的制造中,增加了触点的数量和需要完成的处理。
国际专利公布WO2009/134939公开了使用单片模块装配技术制造的光伏模块。其公开了一种实施方式,其中光伏模块的电池布置在6×10阵列中,并且由非线性电路路径互连。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供用于光伏模块的改进的背侧连接层,以允许在对光伏模块进行尽可能少的进一步修改(例如附加配线或电路)的情况下并入旁路电路。
根据本发明,提供了根据以上限定的前序的背侧连接层,其中串的预设数量为三个或更多,并且连接至多个光伏电池的连接部设置在背侧连接层上,多个光伏电池的连接部定位成使得连接至预设数量的串中的每个的最后光伏电池和第一光伏电池的外部电连接设置在背侧连接层的、与光伏电池的二乘二布置的部分重叠的部分中。这允许在不需要任何附加配线或电路的情况下容易地集成和制造具有旁路二极管功能的光伏模块。
附图说明
以下将参考所附附图,使用多个示例性实施方式对本发明进行更详细的讨论,在附图中,
图1示出了根据现有技术的实施方式的具有多个串的PV板的示意图;
图2a和图2b示出了根据本发明的实施方式布置的具有多个串的PV板的示意图;
图3至图9示出了根据本发明的其他实施方式布置的具有多个串的PV板的示意图。
具体实施方式
如果具有多个光伏电池的光伏模块中的两个电池相邻,并且两个电池都具有位于太阳能电池的背侧的触点,并且触点中的一些沿着这些电池的邻近边缘定位,那么在两个电池之间几乎没有用于朝向接线盒延伸的铜条带的空间。两个邻近电池的触点之间的间隔很小。此外,为了制造条带,需要通常为1毫米的隔离划线,该隔离划线还“侵蚀”掉接触之间的导电材料。然后,这将产生应当能够承载通常9A的电流的非常小的条带,并会因此产生高功率耗散,在遮蔽条件下,这对设备是有害的并且对模块操作具有不利影响。
图1示出了电池i,j的6×10阵列的典型的互连部布局,其中具有接线盒4,接线盒4附接至面板的背侧与背侧连接层接触(薄片或基板)。在背侧接触层中,使用连接层3的连接部分串联连接相邻电池i,j的连接点,连接层3的连接部分在图1的简化视图中表示为连接6×10阵列中的列的直线。使用互连部2将光伏电池i,j的串(在该实例中为三)接至接线盒4。
根据本发明的实施方式,在模块的有效区域之外没有铜条带、隔离划线或铜交叉连接件的情况下,可通过重新布置电池的串行互连部的拓扑直接从接线盒接入用于旁路二极管的触点。一般而言,所提供的背侧连接层中的多个光伏电池i,j被划分为串联连接光伏电池i,j的预设数量(三个或更多)的串3,并且旁路二极管可并联连接至预设数量的串3中的每个。多个光伏电池i,j的触点设置在背侧连接层上,其定位成使得预设数量的串3中的每个的最后一个光伏电池和第一个光伏电池的直接可接入(或外部)电连接设置在背侧连接层的、与光伏电池i,j的二乘二布置的部分重叠的部分中。
在图2a的实施方式中,当沿着电池i,j的6×10阵列选用索引i和j时,接线盒4位于四个电池上,即电池(2,5)、(2,6)、(3,5)、(3,6)。如图2a中由串线3所表示的,将全部的60个电池串联连接在三个串中。该配置可使每个串包括20个电池i,j。
更广泛地说,背侧连接层的一部分与光伏电池i,j的二乘二布置的四个相邻拐角区域重叠。通过适当地对准连接层布局,所需的重叠例如仅为光伏电池i,j的二乘二布置的每个电池的仅四分之一的电池i,j表面,或更少。
另外,在一个实施方式中,背侧连接层包括多个接线盒连接部,并且在另外的实施方式中包括光伏电池i,j的二乘二布置的一部分中的旁路二极管连接部5,以允许接线盒引线的连接(朝向另外的光伏模块或朝向逆变器/转换器)和旁路二极管的连接。旁路二极管允许使光伏模块降低对局部遮蔽的敏感度。
在又一实施方式中,背侧连接层包括并联连接至预设数量的串3中的每个的旁路二极管。旁路二极管甚至可被并入背侧连接层或与背侧连接层集成(允许在光伏模块封装中包括旁路二极管)。
在图2b中,示出了替代的布置,其中串联连接的电池i,j的串的预设数量为三。接线盒4与图2a的实施方式类似地定位,然而,与在图2a的实施方式中每串平均分配20个电池相对比,现在每串中的电池i,j的数量不同并且每串不等(18-18-24)。
本发明的实施方式可应用在现今主要使用的电池i,j的6×10阵列和6×12阵列的配置中。
本发明的实施方式的其他变型示出在图3中(接线盒4位于电池(3,1)、(4,1)、(3,2)、(4,2)处,三个不相等的串22-17-21);在图4中(接线盒4位于电池(3,5)、(4,5)、(3,6)、(4,6)处,三个不相等的串20-21-19);在图5中(接线盒4位于电池(1,5)、(2,5)、(1,6)、(2,6)处,三个相等的串20-20-20);在图6中(接线盒4位于电池(3,3)、(4,3)、(3,4)、(4,4)处,三个相等的串20-20-20)。
在另外的实施方式中,串的数量为四,允许使用较小的串,并且以一个附加的旁路二极管为代价得到较好的局部遮蔽性能。
为了满足三个以上的串,通常需要应用附加的导电路线以允许所需的旁路二极管的连接,一般而言,接线盒4位于电池i,j的二乘二阵列布置之外。为此,背侧连接层还包括设置为背侧连接层的部分的一个或多个旁路二极管导体6。该配置的第一示例性实施方式在图7中示出。接线盒4位于光伏模块的中间,即,位于电池(3,5)、(4,5)、(3,6)、(4,6)处。附加的旁路二极管导体6设置在背侧连接层中,向上和向下运行至连接点7。串3设置有接近连接点7的附加连接点8(即,在电池(3,1)与(4,1)之间,以及在电池(3,10)与(4,10)之间),允许连接旁路二极管以旁路光伏模块的最后一串和第一串。可以使用接线盒4上的连接部5连接其他的旁路二极管。
图8示出了图7的实施方式的替代布置,其中旁路二极管导体6水平运行至连接点7,即,从接线盒4分别接近至位于电池(1,5)与(1,6)的交叉处和电池(6,5)与(6,6)的交叉处的附加连接点8。图9示出了具有更短长度的旁路二极管导体6的实施方式,即,从接线盒4分别接近至位于电池(3,5)与(4,5)的交叉处和电池(3,8)与(4,8)的交叉处的附加连接点8。应注意,图9的实施方式中的串3的曲折图案也可以被镜像(即,向内而不是向外牙指向的齿状曲折)。
在背侧连接层中,旁路二极管导体6可以是简单的直线连接图案。然而,在另外的实施方式中,旁路二极管导体6沿两个相邻电池(i,j)的边缘方向形成在背面连接层中,具有围绕两个相邻电池(i,j)的多个背侧触点的外部触点的曲折图案。特别是在将光伏模块设置为使能背接触电池的、基于金属箔的模块的情况下,包括金属贯穿孔(MWT)、发射极穿孔卷绕(EWT)和叉指背接触(IBC)电池,其中旁路二极管连接部完全集成在接线盒中,这可能是非常有利的,由于其允许使用具有较大宽度并且因此具有较大电流承载能力的旁路二极管导体6。
基于以上所述,,光伏模块可设置有根据所述的实施方式中的一个的背侧连接层。换言之,提供了具有经由类PCB的(铜)箔(背侧连接层)串联连接的背接触太阳能电池的光伏模块的配置。电池i,j的配置/拓扑结构是使得四个电池i,j(包括串联连接中的第一电池和最后一个电池)在单个拐角点处汇合。该拐角处的四个电池i,j形成电池的三个串3。接线盒4放置在模块外侧。背板中的开口允许接线盒端子(包括旁路二极管)直接连接至相应的铜箔片,并且三个串受旁路二极管保护。如通过图2至图9中所述实施方式的例示和以上所述,重新布置电池的串行互连的拓扑结构以使得待接触的所有电池位于相同拐角处的许多变型都是可能的。
以上参照附图所示的多个示例性实施方式描述了本发明的实施方式。一些部件或元件的修改和替代实施例是可能的,并且包括在如所附权利要求限定的保护范围中。

Claims (11)

1.用于包括多个光伏电池(i,j)的光伏模块的背侧连接层,
所述多个光伏电池(i,j)为具有一个或多个背侧触点的类型,其中,所述多个光伏电池(i,j)被划分为串联连接光伏电池(i,j)的预设数量的串(3),并且旁路二极管能够并联连接至所述预设数量的串(3)中的每个,
其中,所述串(3)的所述预设数量为三或更多,并且所述多个光伏电池(i,j)的触点设置在所述背侧连接层上,所述多个光伏电池(i,j)的触点定位成使得所述触点与每个所述预设数量的串(3)中的最后光伏电池和第一光伏电池的直接可接入电连接部设置在所述背侧连接层中与光伏电池(i,j)的二乘二布置部分重叠的部分中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的背侧连接层,其中,所述背侧连接层的所述部分与光伏电池(i,j)的所述二乘二布置的4个相邻拐角区域重叠。
3.根据权利要求1所述的背侧连接层,其中,所述背侧连接层还包括多个接线盒连接部和光伏电池(i,j)的所述二乘二布置的所述部分中的旁路二极管连接部(5)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的背侧连接层,其中,所述背侧连接层包括与所述预设数量的串(3)中的每个并联连接的旁路二极管。
5.根据权利要求1所述的背侧连接层,其中,所述串(3)的所述预设数量为三。
6.根据权利要求1所述的背侧连接层,其中,所述背侧连接层布置为连接光伏电池(i,j)的6×12阵列。
7.根据权利要求1所述的背侧连接层,其中,所述背侧连接层布置为连接光伏电池(i,j)的6×10阵列。
8.根据权利要求1所述的背侧连接层,其中,所述串(3)的所述预设数量为4。
9.根据权利要求1所述的背侧连接层,还包括设置为所述背侧连接层的部分的一个或多个旁路二极管导体(6)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的背侧连接层,其中,旁路二极管导体(6)沿两个相邻光伏电池(i,j)的边缘方向形成在所述背侧连接层中,所述旁路二极管导体(6)具有围绕所述两个相邻电池(i,j)的所述多个背侧触点中的外部触点的曲折图案。
11.光伏模块,包括多个光伏电池(i,j)以及根据权利要求1至10中的任一项所述的背侧连接层。
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