CN106163770A - 使用高导电性网对碳纤维热塑性塑料的电阻植入焊接 - Google Patents

使用高导电性网对碳纤维热塑性塑料的电阻植入焊接 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106163770A
CN106163770A CN201580018352.2A CN201580018352A CN106163770A CN 106163770 A CN106163770 A CN 106163770A CN 201580018352 A CN201580018352 A CN 201580018352A CN 106163770 A CN106163770 A CN 106163770A
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Prior art keywords
forming tool
parts
open type
synthetic material
material structure
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CN201580018352.2A
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CN106163770B (zh
Inventor
史蒂文·格尔加克
艾哈迈德·叶拉加
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Magna International Inc
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Magna International Inc
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/16Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/344Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a woven or non-woven fabric or being a mesh
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3468Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special electrical connectors of windings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3034Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of additional elements, e.g. meshes
    • B29C66/30341Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of additional elements, e.g. meshes non-integral with the parts to be joined, e.g. making use of extra elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B29C66/53461Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/547Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles, e.g. endless tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61Joining from or joining on the inside
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72143Fibres of discontinuous lengths
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8183General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal conducting constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81831General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8187General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81871General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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Abstract

一种电阻植入焊接碳纤维热塑性复合材料的方法,该方法包括:提供由碳纤维材料形成的部件的至少两个部分,该部件的至少两个部分各自具有焊接表面,在焊接表面处,部件的至少两个部分焊接在一起。铜网材料或铝网材料的一个或更多个导体定位在两个部分的焊接表面之间。该方法包括成形工具,该成形工具具有能够在打开位置与闭合位置之间移动的至少两个部分。成形工具具有带有非导电金属表面区域的焊接区在非导电金属表面区域处电流被选择性施加,以便于部件的至少两个部分被焊接在一起。成形工具具有带有导电表面的成形区,在导电表面处对两个部件进行塑形。

Description

使用高导电性网对碳纤维热塑性塑料的电阻植入焊接
技术领域
本发明涉及使用高导电性网的电阻植入焊接。
背景技术
在对用于汽车应用的碳纤维填充的热塑性复合材料部件进行电阻植入焊接的情况因碳纤维填料的导电性而存在挑战,特别是当将常规的不锈钢丝网用作导体时存在挑战。当电流被施加至在电阻植入焊接中使用的不锈钢丝网导体时,该电流采取阻力最小的路径。由于被用作热塑性部件中的填料的碳纤维是导电的,所以电流开始行进通过丝网但随后通过碳纤维部件重新定向并且进入成形工具或夹具中。这导致了较差的、非均匀焊接,特别是对于具有大长度的部件而言。某些电阻植入焊接技术已经试图通过使用陶瓷喷涂涂覆的不锈钢丝网以将导电部分与丝网绝缘,同时仍然允许热传递通过陶瓷涂层来解决电流迁移问题。然而,尝试使用碳纤维填充的部件以及陶瓷喷涂涂覆过程未能解决电流迁移问题。需要增大沿着焊接线流动的电流以防止电流横穿部件。还需要防止电流流入成形工具中。
发明内容
一种电阻植入焊接碳纤维热塑性复合材料的方法。该方法包括:提供由碳纤维材料形成的部件的至少两个部分,该部件的至少两个部分各自具有焊接表面,在焊接表面处,部件的至少两个部分焊接在一起。铜网材料或铝网材料的一个或更多个导体定位在两个部分的焊接表面之间。该方法还包括成形工具,该成形工具具有能够在打开位置与闭合位置之间移动的至少两个部分。成形工具具有带有非导电金属表面区域的焊接区,在非导电金属表面区域处电流被选择性地施加,以便于部件的至少两个部分被焊接在一起。成形工具还具有带有导电表面的成形区,在导电表面处两个部件被塑形。该方法包括打开成形工具并且将部件的至少两个部分以及定位在部件的两个部件之间的焊接表面处的一个或更多个导体装载在成形工具内。接着,闭合成形工具并且施加压力以使部件的至少两个部分在成形工具的成形区中塑形。电流还被施加至一个或更多个导体,使得导体升温并且使部件的所述至少两个部分沿着成形工具的非导电金属表面区域熔融在一起。施加电流的步骤发生在闭合成形工具的步骤期间,并且来自成形工具的压力还被施加至成形工具的非导电金属表面区域。在焊缝已经形成之后,电流与一个或更多个导体断开连接。在最后的步骤中,打开成形工具并且移出部件。
本发明的另外的应用领域将根据下文提供的详细描述变得明显。但应当理解的是,详细的描述和特定的示例虽然表示了本发明的优选实施方式,但是仅意在说明的目的而不意在限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
根据详细的描述和附图将更全面地理解本发明,在附图中:
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方式的结构部件的放大视图;
图2是根据本发明的一个实施方式的结构部件的立体图;
图3是根据本发明的一个实施方式的结构部件的示意性俯视平面图;
图4是成形工具以及容纳在成形工具中的结构部件的示意性侧视立体图,其中,成形工具处于打开位置;
图5是成形工具以及容纳在成形工具中的结构部件示意性侧视立体图,其中,成形工具处于闭合位置;
图6以立体表示的方式示出了根据本发明的在半部敞开式盆状实施方式中的结构部件;
图7以立体表示的方式示出了呈合成材料的长形封闭结构的结构部件的附加的示例性实施方式;
图8以剖开表示的方式示出了图6的实施方式,其中,加强单纤维被暴露;
图9是根据本发明的第二实施方式被用于电阻植入焊接碳纤维热塑性部件的成形工具的立体图;
图10是形成在成形工具中的后挡板部件的立体近视图;
图11是车辆后挡板的一半的立体图;
图12是被焊接至第二部分的第一部分的截面图;
图13是被焊接至第二部分的第一部分的平面侧视图;
图14是根据本发明的下述部件的替代性实施方式的立体图:该部件是使用电阻植入焊接过程被组装的保险杠;
图15是根据本发明的使用电阻植入焊接过程组装的保险杠的展开图;
图16A是沿着图14中的线16A-16A截取的截面图;
图16B是根据本发明的替代性连接位置的放大截面图;
图17是沿着图14中的线17-17截取的截面图;
图18A是沿着图14中的线18A-18A截取的截面图;
图18B是根据本发明的连接夹的放大截面立体图;以及
图19是沿图14中的线19-19截取的示意性截面图。
具体实施方式
以下优选实施方式(多个实施方式)的描述在本质上仅是示例性性的并且不以任何方式意在限制本发明、其应用或用途。
现参照本申请的图1至图3,示出了由两部分形成的部件10。在本发明的特定实施方式中,部件10是在仪器面板中使用的结构支承构件,在下文更详细地描述部件10的结构。在本发明的范围内,部件形式还可以是任何类型的车辆部件,包括如下文在附图中讨论的碳纤维加强后挡板和保险杠组件。然而,本发明的方法还可以用于形成其它车辆部件,包括踏脚板、车顶架导轨、升降门或者实际上两个或更多个部段接合在一起的位置处的任何其它类型的车辆部件。然而,在本发明的范围内,其它部件使用本文描述了的电阻植入焊接过程来形成。这样的部件包括汽车部件,汽车部件包括前端承载件、保险杠支承件、后挡板、升降门、踏脚板、车顶架等。在本发明的本实施方式中,部件的至少两个部分——至少两个部分形成上半部分12和下半部分14——具有焊接表面16,在焊接表面16处,部件的两个部分被焊接在一起。在本发明的该特定实施方式中,焊接表面16是位于上半部分12上的平坦凸缘18和位于下半部分14上的平坦凸缘20。部件10的上半部分12和下半部分14以凸缘对凸缘布置的方式彼此相邻安置。
在部件10的平坦凸缘18与平坦凸缘20之间,在焊接表面16中定位有由网状材料制成的导体22。在本发明的本实施方式中,导体22由高导电性材料比如铜网材料或铝网材料制成。部件10本身由具有导电性的碳纤维填料24的聚合物材料形成。先前尝试使用不锈钢网——该不锈钢网的导电性没有铜网材料或铝网材料的导电性高——电阻植入焊接所涉及的具有碳纤维填料24的聚合物材料。当电流流过网时,其沿着电阻最小的路径;因此,当使用铜网材料或铝网材料时,电流非常均匀地流过材料,因为对电流而言这是电阻最小的路径。当使用不锈钢网时,注意到一些电流将迁移通过部件的碳纤维部分并且最终结果是两个部件之间的焊缝会是不均匀且不期望的。当在部件10的上半部分21与下半部分14之间的焊接表面区域16中使用铜网或铝网时,电流流动通过铜网材料或铝网材料,使得铜网材料或铝网材料升温并且使两个平坦凸缘18、20的聚合物材料熔融,从而将上半部分12与下半部分14焊接在一起。这是通过使用成形工具24来完成的。
图4和图5示出了成形工具24,成形工具24具有能够在打开位置与闭合位置之间移动的至少两个部分。在图4和图5中,成形工具24具有顶部部分26和底部部分28。虽然示出了顶部和底部,但是在本发明的范围内,根据特定应用的需要,存在左侧、右侧或者任何取向。成形工具24具有焊接区,焊接区具有非导电金属表面区域30、30',非导电金属表面区域30、30'被构造成与部件10的两个部分的焊接表面或凸缘16、16'的外表面21、21'接触。成形工具24还具有成形区,成形区包括导电表面32、32',导电表面32、32'用于使部件10的至少两个部分进行塑形。在成形工具24移动到在图4中示出的闭合位置时,导电表面32、32'能够传递热量并且导电表面32、32'和非导电表面30、30'两者对部件10施加压力。
当部件10处于闭合位置时,电流被施加至导体22、22'的松弛端使得电流沿着部件10的至少两个部分的焊接表面16、16'在两个端部之间流动。同时,闭合的成形工具24施加压力来对上半部分12和下半部分14塑形,压力还被施加至位于焊接区中的非导电表面30、30',以帮助促进部件10的至少两个部分或者上半部分12和下半部分14熔融在一起并焊接。在形成焊缝所需的一定量的时间之后,电流与导体22,22'断开连接并且成形工具被打开使得可以将成品部件移出。成形工具24的导电表面32、32'是能够热传递的任何类型的金属并且可以包括铝、钢、铁等。然而,在本发明的范围内,可以使用任何合适的导电材料。非导电表面30、30'由非导电材料、比如尼龙或任何其它合适的非导电材料形成。然而,在本发明的范围内,可以使用任何合适的非导电材料。
现参照图6至图8,示出了部件10的细节。部件10具有由合成材料形成的长形盘状基本元件,该合成材料包括热塑性复合材料、并且特别是玻璃增强的热塑性塑料、碳增强的热塑性塑料或芳族聚酰胺纤维增强的热塑性塑料、优选地为聚丙烯、聚酰胺和聚碳酸酯。部件10具有两个部分12、14,两个部分12、14各自具有大致U形结构,该大致U形结构由底板表面34、两个长形的侧表面36、38和横向延伸的两个端部侧表面40、42限定。两个长形侧表面36、38和两个长形的端部侧表面40、42在上侧边缘处以直角向外弯折并且形成周缘44。边缘44在上述电阻植入焊接过程期间提供或创建两个部分12、14中的每一者的焊接表面。导体22、22'被安置在位于两个部分12、14中的相应的一者上的两个相对的边缘44之间。这在图1中示出。当两个部分12、14进行电植入焊接以使两个部分12、14接合在一起时,部件10形成了闭合的盒状结构。
两个部分12、14中的每一者具有加强肋46,加强肋46由与两个部分12、14的材料相同的材料形成。加强肋46相对于两个长形侧表面36、38以介于30°与60°之间的角度,优选为45°的角度设置。在附图中图示的实施方式中,从两个长形侧表面36、38开始的加强肋46以约45°的角度延伸。如示出的,加强肋46以如下方式设置:加强肋46在部件10的内部形成菱形格子。这增加了部件10以及加强单纤维45的稳定性,该加强单纤维45沿纵向方向A延伸、嵌在底板表面11的边缘区域中。加强单纤维45被设计成金属丝,加强单纤维45在其表面具有成形部48。成形部48可以是规律地间隔开的孔、槽等。加强单纤维45由金属制成,并且特别地由钢制成,并且具有用于防腐蚀的涂层。加强单纤维45的直径为3mm至4mm。在另外的实施方式中,加强单纤维45由有机板、金属带、成型的金属部件或丝网制成。
在部件10的成形期间,由于成形工具24的非导电性金属表面区域30、30'或区,加强单纤维45与迁移通过成形工具24的电流绝缘。
现参照图9至图13,示出了形成作为焊接后挡板100的部件100的方法。部件100示出为位于成形工具102中,成形工具102类似于在其它实施方式中示出的成形工具24,成形工具102也具有导电表面和非导电金属表面。成形工具102具有上压板114,该上压板114能够相对于部件100竖向地移动。成形工具102还具有下压板116,部件100搁置在下压板116上。当对结构部件100进行焊接时,上压板114竖向地移动并且向下压靠部件100并施加压力。虽然本发明的本示例性实施方式描述了上压板114和下压板116的使用,但是也可以通过消除上压板114和下压板116以及使用用于在焊接过程期间在部件上施加压力的简单的夹紧件来减少用于形成部件100所需的夹具的数量。这允许成形工具102被用于若干不同的应用中而不是专门针对特定的部件。
图10示出了上压板104向下压靠部件100的近视图。部件100具有第一部分118、第二部分120以及安置在第一部分118与第二部分120之间的导体122。第一部分118和第二部分120可以根据本发明的特定的应用而采取多种形状和形式。
导体122与能量源124相接触,能量源124可以是对导体122赋能的铜触点或者导体。导体122可以是丝网或者在施加电流时能够产生热的一些其它类型的导电材料。虽然导体122被描述为丝网,但是在本发明的范围内,导体122可以是能够以热的形式传导能量的单线。合适的线材包括但不限于包括铜、铝、钢、镍的金属以及其它导电材料比如碳纤维。
参照图12至图13,描述了在结构部件中形成焊接接头的方法。如本文所用的术语焊接接头描述了结构部件的两部分之间的整体连接部。焊接线被包含在焊接接头内,焊接线是两个部分之间的物理连接的位置,两个部分包括固化粘合剂层以及任意熔合在一起的热塑性材料,其中,在一个部分或者两个部分是在其与导体接触的区域中熔融的塑性材料的情况下,任意熔合在一起的热塑性材料可以在焊接线区域内熔融在一起。术语焊接接头还包括各部分的在焊接点、导体以及任何粘合剂层处的区域,这区域根据特定应用的需要是可选的。焊接线包括当部件固化时凝固的区域。这种固化可以包括但不限于粘合剂层(如果存在)的固化以及熔合在一起的任何熔融塑料部件的固化。
上压板114向下移动并压缩,使得第一部分118对第二部分120施加力。能量源124对导体122施加能量,这导致导体122升温。图12至图13示出了定位在第一部分118与第二部分120之间的可选的粘合剂层136。粘合剂层136可以被施用到第一部分118或第二部分120的表面上。此外,粘合剂可以施加在第一部分118和第二部分120两者上。导体122被安置成穿过粘合剂层134并且在能量源124对导体122赋能时导体122开始升温。也可以在粘合剂层136被施用至第一部分118或第二部分120之前,导体122安置成穿过粘合剂层136。此外,导体可以被安置在第一部分118或第二部分120的任一者上,并且接着将粘合剂层136被施用在导体122上,使得当上压板114施加压力时,导体122将被压入到粘合剂层136中。在其它应用中,粘合剂层136和导体可以保持分离并且导体122将在粘合剂层136上施加热。对导体122的加热使得通过如下方式在焊接线142处形成焊接接头140:通过激活粘合剂层136以在焊接线142处将第一部分118和第二部分120结合在一起从而形成部件100的焊接接头。由压板114、116施加的压力作用在第一部分118和第二部分120上,使得粘合剂绕导体122流动并且在焊接线142处将第一部分118、第二部分120和导体122结合一起。
在按压和赋能操作已经发生了预定的时间段之后,将使得第一部分118和第二部分120固化并形成焊接线142。导体122将在焊接线处留在结构部件100中;但是,在完成焊接接头140的固化之前,导体122可以从粘合剂层136移除。形成在第一部分118与第二部分120之间的焊接线142将具有高的焊接强度,该高的焊接强度已经被示出为等于或者大于使用粘合剂或机械紧固件而得到的焊接强度类型。此外,在第一部分118与第二部分120之间形成焊缝的制造时间比使用传统的粘合剂系统形成类似的焊缝的制造时间短得多。此外,RIW技术和粘合剂系统的使用允许对粘合剂层进行更彻底的加热并且因为通过导体122从粘合剂层内施加热,所以提供了超过常规的粘合剂系统的介于约10%至约70%之间的能量节约。此外,传统的粘合剂系统使用蒸汽,在应用之前,需要将蒸汽存储并且保持在足够的温度下。本发明通过消除将热(例如蒸汽)保持在系统内的需要而降低了所需的能量的量。
参照图11,示出了模制后挡板100的视图,其中,第一部分118是模制后挡板部分并且第二部分120是用于加强结构部件100的加强板。第一部分118具有从第一部分118延伸的后挡板凸缘126。第二部分120或加强板横跨一个或更多个后挡板凸缘126安置。导体(未示出)沿着后挡板凸缘126与第二部分120之间的接触区域安置。焊接线142沿着导体122的表面区域的长度形成。加强板的安置加强了结构部件。例如,以根据本申请所描述的方式被模制的后挡板可以承受大于或小于2,200磅的载荷。然而,2,200磅仅是示例性数字,并根据本说明书载荷可以更大或更小。
现参照图12,示出了在图11中示出的后挡板的一个部分的截面视图。第一部分118是模制后挡板部分,模制后挡板部分具有从表面向上延伸的后挡板凸缘126。第二部分120被焊接到第一部分118上。在焊接过程期间上压板114被示出并且朝向下压板116施加压力。在这种特定应用中,刚性支承件128插入到后挡板凸缘126的L形焊接部分127的下方,以便于第一部分118至第二部分120的焊接以及使第一部分118至第二部分120的焊接均匀。在焊接过程完成之后,可以将刚性支承件128移除或者刚性支承件128被留下作为结实的支承件。替代性地,在这些支承件128被保留的情况下,可以在刚性支承件128与L形焊接部分127之间形成焊接接头。该焊缝是除了第一部分118与第二部分120之间的焊缝之外的焊缝。在L形的焊接部分127的表面上布置有第一粘合剂层134。第二粘合剂层136附接至第二部分120的将要形成焊缝的位置处的对应的表面。在第一粘合剂层134与第二粘合剂层136之间安置有导体138并且当导体138被加热时,将使得在第一部分118与第二部分120之间形成焊接线142。这是通过加热导体138使得粘合剂层134、136升温并激活而完成的。此外,粘合剂层134和136可以更小使得导体138实际上接触L形的焊接部分127的表面和第二部分120,使得这些部分的表面层将与形成焊接线142——该焊接线142使用导体138以及通过粘合剂层134、136粘接的粘合剂通过混合电阻植入焊接过程而形成——的粘合剂层熔融在一起。
形成焊接线142所需要的能量的量小于不具有粘合剂层的传统的RIW焊接所需的能量的量,因为粘合剂层134、136可以通过由导体138产生的热激活以形成焊接线142。与传统的加热方式相比,导体138应用更加直接的形式的能量。虽然以上描述了刚性支承件128的使用,但是不必在所有的应用中使用刚性支承件。可以在不使用刚性支承件128的情况下形成焊缝。
图13示出了本发明的一个替代实施方式,其中,不存在后挡板凸缘126,而是U形的第二部分132被焊接到第一部分118,这就形成了模制后挡板。该特定实施方式省去了使用刚性支承件128的需要。上压板114被修改以围绕U形的第二部分132配装,并且在位于第一部分118与U形的第二部分132之间的焊接线134是期望的合适的位置处施加压力。在该特定实施方式中,粘合剂层140被施用至第一部分118或第二部分132。导体138被加热以激活粘合剂层140从而使得形成焊缝。此外,导体138可以接触第一部分118和第二部分132的表面区域,以产生足够的热,从而熔融这些部件中的每个部件的表面层,以使得除了通过粘合剂层140将第一部分118和第二部分132以粘合的方式被焊接在一起之外通过将第一部分118和第二部分132融合在一起来产生焊接线134。产生图13中焊接线134的方法提供了与以上产生关于图12所描述的焊接线134的方法相同的益处和优点。
现参照图14至图19,图14至图19是使用电阻植入焊接形成的部件是复合材料保险杠装置的实施方式,该复合材料保险杠装置下文简称为保险杠200,该保险杠200由碳纤维热塑性复合材料制成。保险杠200包括安装板部分或安装板212和保险杠部分214。保险杠200还包括连接至保险杠部分214的两个装饰盖216。
可选地包括拖车联结装置218,该拖车联结装置218也被连接至安装板212。存在形成为安装板212的一部分的联结连接凸缘220,在拖车联结装置218与安装板212组装时,该联结连接凸缘220与形成为拖车联结装置218的一部分的拖车联结安装凸缘222对准,并且一组紧固件(未示出)被插入通过联结连接凸缘220和联结安装凸缘222以将拖车联结装置218连接至安装板212。
形成为保险杠部分214的一部分是多个凸缘224。更具体地,在保险杠部分214的内部上形成有多个向上弯折的凸缘和向下弯折的凸缘,其中,向上弯折的凸缘和向下弯折的凸缘彼此大致平行。在图9中示出了凸缘224中的一个凸缘。
为了将保险杠部分214组装至安装板212,网226被安置在安装板212的第一接触区域228与凸缘224的第二接触区域230之间。保险杠部分214、安装板212和网226被装载到成形工具24中并且以参照以上的图1至图5描述的方式相同的方式产生了焊接线。如上所述成形工具24的特征防止了电流迁移通过保险杠部分214和安装板212。网226是铜丝网或铝丝网226。电流被施加至网226,从而使网226的温度上升,由此使接触区域228、230的温度上升,致使所述接触区域228、230熔融。当网26被加热时,使用成形工具24对保险杠部分214和安装板212施加压力。被施加至保险杠部分214和安装板212的压力与接触区域228、230的熔融相结合导致了第一接触区域228的材料和第二接触区域230的材料流动通过网226,并且模制在一起。一旦电流不再施加至网226时,凸缘224的材料和安装板212的材料冷却,并且保险杠部分214和安装板212在接触区域228、230的区域中被模制在一起以提供连接位置,这在安装板212与保险杠部分214之间提供了牢固的结合。
安装板212和保险杠部分214由长的碳纤维材料制成,其中,碳纤维的长度约十二毫米,但是在本发明的范围内,同样也可以使用其它长度的碳纤维。用于制成安装板212和保险杠部分214的长的碳纤维材料是丙烯材料,但是在本发明的范围内,也可以使用其它材料,比如尼龙。
除了形成为如先前所描述的保险杠部分214的一部分的凸缘224之外,在不同的实施方式中可以使用其它类型的凸缘以提供在安装板212与保险杠部分214之间的连接。例如,凸缘可以形成为安装板212的一部分,并且被接纳在保险杠部分214中,并且保险杠部分214可以被压缩以使用上述电阻植入焊接过程形成连接部。根据保险杠部分214与安装板212是如何连接的,也可以使用呈不同的构型的其它凸缘。
现参照图16A、图16B、图17、图18A和图18B,复合材料保险杠装置10的各种截面视图示出为具有沿着图14中示出的剖面线截取的截面。在图16A、图16B、图17、图18A和图18B中示出的截面图图示了复合材料保险杠装置200如何在多个连接位置处使用电阻植入焊接被结合在一起。这些附图还示出了复合材料保险杠的结构如何产生加强特征,加强特征使得复合材料保险杠在受到特定的力的情况下呈现了位移值,该位移值小于用于常规的钢保险杠的位移值。图16A示出了复合材料保险杠结构200的沿着图14中的线16A-16A截取的截面图。在该特定的位置处,存在两个连接位置217、217',在所述两个连接位置217、217'处,保险杠部分214连接至安装板212。每个连接位置217、217'具有安装板212的第一接触区域219、219'和保险杠部分的其中形成有连接位置217、217'的第二接触区域221、221'。
网状材料215定位在第一接触区域219、219'与第二接触区域221、221'之间,用于通过电阻植入焊接将两个接触区域结合在一起。可以使用电阻植入焊接;然而在本发明的范围内也可以使用其它类型的连接件,比如粘合剂或紧固件。电阻植入焊接涉及给网状材料215赋能以在第一接触区域219、219'与第二接触区域221、221'之间产生热,从而使得位于连接位置217、217'的区域中的安装板212和保险杠部分214中的相应表面熔融并且结合在一起。图16A还示出了拖车联结装置218相对于安装板212和保险杠部分214的位置。
图16B示出了替代性的连接位置217的构型,其中,保险杠部分214和安装板212具有用于产生连接位置217'的弯折的凸缘213,该连接位置217'是水平的而不是在图16A中示出的竖向的。水平的连接位置217'是替代性实施方式,并且可能不适合所有的应用。图16B中示出的替代性实施方式允许保险杠部分214靠置在安装板212的顶部以在连接位置217'处提供附加的强度。
图17示出了沿着图14中的线17-17所截取的第二截面图。连接位置217、217'以如关于图16A所描述的方式相同的方式产生。图17示出了连接至复合材料保险杠装置200的附加结构。特别地,图17示出了装饰盖216中的一个装饰盖连接至保险杠部分214的情况。可以使用粘合剂或者在替代方案中使用电阻植入焊接和安置在装饰盖216与保险杠部分214之间的网(未示出)来将装饰盖216连接至保险杠部分215。替代性地,可以使用夹子或者机械紧固件来将装饰盖216连接至保险杠部分214。
图17示出了拖车联结装置218的安装凸缘222部分的位置。安装凸缘部分222具有用于接纳紧固件225的孔,紧固件225穿过位于安装板212的联结连接凸缘220上的孔。在联结安装凸缘222与联结连接凸缘220之间的连接处还包括加强板材(doubler plate)223,加强板材223用于便于紧固件225穿过联结连接凸缘220和拖车联结安装凸缘222的孔的连接。当保险杠部分214连接至安装板212时,产生了结构腔227。一旦连接位置217、217'形成,结构腔227由介于安装板212与保险杠部分214之间的区域限定。由成形的复合材料保险杠装置产生的结构腔227将复合材料保险杠装置加强到使复合材料保险杠装置作为一个整体能够比常规的钢保险杠抵抗更大的力的程度。
图18A描绘了沿着图14中的线18A-18A截取的截面图。图18A示出了用作将装饰盖216连接至保险杠部分214的一种替代方式的紧固件227。紧固件227延伸通过装饰盖、保险杠部分214和紧固件所固定的支承板212中的一者。图18B是图18A的一部分的分解立体图,其中,在装饰盖部分216中的一个装饰盖部分的一个端部上形成有弹性突片229。弹性突片229布置成穿过形成于保险杠部分214中的开口231。因此,弹性突片229允许盖部216中的一个盖部卡扣配合在保险杠部分214上。弹性突片229是用于连接盖部分216的一种替代方式,该弹性突片229可以代替上文讨论的紧固件227而被使用。盖部分216的附加部可以通过电阻植入的方式被焊接至保险杠部分214上或者可以使用粘合剂。
本发明的描述实际上仅是示例性的,并且因此,不背离本发明的主旨的变型意在落入本发明的范围之内。这样的变型不被认为背离了本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (20)

1.一种电阻植入焊接碳纤维热塑性复合材料的方法,所述方法包括下述步骤:
提供由碳纤维材料形成的部件的至少两个部分,所述部件的所述至少两个部分各自具有焊接表面,在所述焊接表面处,所述部件的所述至少两个部分焊接在一起;
提供铜网材料或铝网材料的一个或更多个导体,所述一个或更多个导体定位在所述至少两个部分的所述焊接表面之间;
提供成形工具,所述成形工具具有能够在打开位置与闭合位置之间移动的至少两个部分,其中,所述成形工具具有带有非导电表面区域的焊接区,在所述非导电表面区域处来自电源的电流被选择性地施加,以便于所述部件的所述至少两个部分被焊接在一起,并且所述成形工具具有带有导热表面区域的成形区,在所述导热表面区域处所述部件的所述至少两个部分被塑形;
打开所述成形工具并且将所述至少两个部分装载在所述成形工具内,其中,使所述一个或更多个导体定位在所述至少两个部件之间的所述焊接表面处;
闭合所述成形工具并且施加压力以使所述部件的所述至少两个部分在所述成形工具的所述成形区中塑形;
对所述一个或更多个导体施加电流而使得所述导体升温并且使所述部件的所述至少两个部分沿着所述成形工具的所述非导电金属表面区域熔融在一起,其中,施加电流的步骤发生在闭合所述成形工具的步骤期间,并且来自所述成形工具的压力还被施加至所述成形工具的所述非导电金属表面区域;
在所述至少两个部分已经焊接在一起之后,将所述电流与所述一个或更多个导体断开连接,以完成所述部件的成形;以及
打开所述成形工具并且移出所述部件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电阻植入焊接碳纤维热塑性复合材料的方法,还包括:
其中,所述部件是模制后挡板,所述模制后挡板具有所述至少两个部分中的第一部分和所述至少两个部分中的第二部分,所述第一部分是具有一个或更多个后挡板凸缘的模制后挡板部分,所述一个或更多个后挡板凸缘形成从所述第一部分延伸的所述焊接表面,所述第二部分是横跨所述一个或更多个后挡板凸缘安置的加强板;
其中,所述一个或更多个导体各自定位在所述一个或更多个后挡板凸缘的所述焊接表面的相应的一个焊接表面中;
其中,所述焊接区沿着位于所述一个或更多个后挡板凸缘与所述加强板之间的表面区域产生。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电阻植入焊接碳纤维热塑性复合材料的方法,还包括:
其中,所述部件是复合材料保险杠,并且所述至少两个部分中的第一部分是具有第一接触区域的安装板以及所述至少两个部分中的第二部分是具有第二接触区域的保险杠部分;
其中,所述一个或更多个导体各自定位在所述第一接触区域与所述第二接触区域之间;
其中,所述焊接区沿着位于所述安装板与所述保险杠部分之间的表面区域产生,所述一个或更多个导体于所述表面区域中定位在所述第一接触区域与所述第二接触区域之间。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电阻植入焊接碳纤维热塑性复合材料的方法,还包括:
连接至所述保险杠部分的一个或更多个装饰盖,其中,所述装饰盖构件中的每一个装饰盖构件还包括弹性突片,所述弹性突片形成在所述装饰盖的一个端部上,用于布置成穿过形成在所述保险杠部分上的开口以便在所述一个或更多个装饰盖构件中的每个装饰盖构件与所述保险杠部分之间提供卡扣配合连接。
5.根据权利要求3所述的电阻植入焊接碳纤维热塑性复合材料的方法,还包括连接至所述安装板的拖车联结装置,其中,在所述拖车联结装置上形成有联结连接凸缘并且在所述安装板上形成有联结安装凸缘,其中,所述联结连接凸缘与所述联结安装凸缘在组装期间对准并且用于将所述拖车联结装置连接至所述安装板。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
其中,所述部件的所述至少两个部分是两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构并且所述两个部分的所述焊接表面位于所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构的边缘处,使得当所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构接合在一起时,所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构形成闭合的盒状结构;
提供所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构的外缘区,所述外缘区在一个或更多个加强单纤维周围,所述一个或更多个加强单纤维平行于所述部件的纵向轴线延伸,在打开所述成形工具并且将所述至少两个部分装载到所述成形工具中的步骤期间,所述外缘区位于所述成形工具的所述导热表面中;以及
位于所述一个或更多个加强单纤维的表面上的成形部,其中,所述成形部将所述一个或更多个加强单纤维保持至所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构中的相应的一个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构,以便吸收张力并且吸收所形成的部件的闭合的盒状结构的弯曲,其中,由于所述成形工具的被选择性施加电流处的所述非导电金属表面区域,所述一个或更多个加强单纤维与迁移通过所述成形工具的电流绝缘。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构中的每个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构具有一个或更多个内部肋。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,所述一个或更多个肋中的每一个肋相对于所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构中的每个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构的两个长形侧表面以介于约30°至约60°之间的角度布置。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构中的每个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构具有两个或更多个内部肋,所述两个或更多个内部肋以菱形形状的图案设置成延伸横跨所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构中的每个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述一个或更多个加强单纤维设计成金属丝,所述金属丝优选地具有3mm至4mm的直径。
11.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述至少两个部分包括热塑性复合材料、并且特别是玻璃增强的热塑性塑料、碳增强的热塑性塑料或芳族聚酰胺纤维增强的热塑性塑料,优选地为聚丙烯、聚酰胺和聚碳酸酯。
12.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述加强单纤维位于所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构中的每个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构的底板表面的区域中。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述成形工具的所述非导电表面区域由尼龙形成。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述成形工具的所述导热表面区域选自包括下述材料的组:铝、钢、铁,或它们的组合。
15.一种电阻植入焊接碳纤维热塑性复合材料的方法,所述方法包括下述步骤:
提供由碳纤维形成的部件的至少两个部分,所述部件是两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构,并且所述两个部分的焊接表面位于所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构的边缘处,使得当所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构接合在一起时,所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构形成了闭合的盒状结构,其中,所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构的外缘区在一个或更多个加强单纤维周围,所述一个或更多个加强单纤维平行于所述部件的纵向轴线延伸,并且所述一个或更多个加强单纤维包括位于所述一个或更多个加强单纤维的表面上的成形部,所述成形部将所述一个或更多个加强单纤维保持至所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构中的相应的一个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构,以便吸收张力并且吸收所形成的所述部件的所述闭合的盒状结构的弯曲;
提供铜网材料或铝网材料的一个或更多个导体,所述一个或更多个导体定位在所述至少两个部分的所述焊接表面之间;
提供成形工具,所述成形工具具有能够在打开位置与闭合位置之间移动的至少两个部分,其中,所述成形工具具有带有非导电表面区域的焊接区,在所述非导电表面区域处来自电源的电流被选择性地施加,以便于所述部件的所述至少两个部分被焊接在一起,并且所述成形工具具有带有导热表面的成形区,在所述导热表面处所述部件的所述至少两个部分被塑形;
打开所述成形工具并且将所述至少两个部分装载在所述成形工具内,其中使所述一个或更多个导体定位在所述至少两个部件之间的所述焊接表面处,其中,在打开所述成形工具并且将所述至少两个部分装载在所述成形工具中的步骤期间,所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构的所述外缘区位于所述成形工具的所述导热表面中;
闭合所述成形工具并且施加压力以使所述至少两个部分在所述成形工具的所述成形区中塑形;
对所述一个或更多个导体施加电流而使得所述导体升温并且将所述部件的所述至少两个部分沿着所述成形工具的所述非导电金属表面区域熔融在一起,其中,施加电流的步骤发生在闭合所述成形工具的步骤期间,并且来自所述成形工具的压力还被施加至所述成形工具的所述非导电金属表面区域,其中,由于所述成形工具的被选择性施加电流处的所述非导电金属表面区域,所述一个或更多个加强单纤维与迁移通过所述成形工具的电流绝缘;
在所述至少两个部分已经被焊接在一起之后,将所述电流与所述一个或更多个导体断开连接,以完成所述部件的成形;以及
打开所述成形工具并且移出所述部件。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中,所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构中的每个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构具有一个或更多个内部肋。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中,所述一个或更多个加强单纤维设计成金属丝,所述金属丝的优选地具有3mm至4mm的直径。
18.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中,所述至少两个部分包括热塑性复合材料、并且特别是玻璃增强的热塑性塑料、碳增强的热塑性塑料或芳族聚酰胺纤维增强的热塑性塑料、优选地为聚丙烯、聚酰胺和聚碳酸酯。
19.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中,所述加强单纤维位于所述两个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构中的每个半部敞开式盆状合成材料结构的底板表面的区域中。
20.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中,所述成形工具的所述非导电表面区域由尼龙形成,并且所述成形工具的所述导热表面区域选自包括下述材料的组:铝、钢、铁,或它们的组合。
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