CN106159138A - 用于高压电池模块的热传播缓解 - Google Patents

用于高压电池模块的热传播缓解 Download PDF

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CN106159138A
CN106159138A CN201610262496.9A CN201610262496A CN106159138A CN 106159138 A CN106159138 A CN 106159138A CN 201610262496 A CN201610262496 A CN 201610262496A CN 106159138 A CN106159138 A CN 106159138A
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S·A·赛义德
H·K·菲勤吉姆
M·H·阿卜杜勒-哈米德
E·P·卡尔德隆
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Abstract

一种高压电池模块包括多个电池单元、分散在电池单元之间的多个冷却片以及用于保持多个电池单元和多个片的框架。膨胀层邻近选自于电池单元、多个冷却片和框架的至少一个电池模块部件。膨胀层包括分子式为Na2SiO3的硅酸钠、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺交联的树脂、氮化硼颗粒以及磷酸三铵。

Description

用于高压电池模块的热传播缓解
技术领域
在至少一个方面，本发明涉及用于电子部件的膨胀涂层，并且具体地涉及用于会受到过热和火灾危害的电路板和保险丝的膨胀涂层。
背景技术
许多电子装置受到过热从而提供一些火灾危险。例如，大量热可因设备中的短路而产生。通过电子部件与来自冷却剂泄漏或湿气积累的水的不经意接触，这种短路可发生。此外，失效部件可能会引起高电位，其也可造成火灾危险或热失控。
现有技术方法试图以多种方式解决电子装置中的火灾危险。例如，电子装置可包封在防火包封体中。虽然这种方法效果相当好，但解决防火的现有技术方法几乎没有提供对于该问题的多维解决方案。
因此，存在对在电子部件中减少火灾危险同时如果火灾发生时提供灭火的方法和部件的需要。
发明内容
本发明通过在至少一个实施例中提供一种具有用膨胀层涂覆的部件的高压电池模块解决了现有技术的一个或多个问题。所述高压电池模块包括多个电池单元、分散在电池单元之间的多个冷却片以及用于保持多个电池单元和多个冷却片的框架。膨胀层邻近选自于电池单元、多个冷却片和框架的至少一个电池模块部件。膨胀层包括分子式为Na2SiO3的硅酸钠、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺交联的树脂、氮化硼颗粒和三铵磷酸。
在另一实施例中，提供了一种具有用膨胀层涂覆的部件的高压电池模块。所述高压电池模块包括多个电池单元、分散在电池单元之间的多个冷却片以及用于保持多个电池单元和多个冷却片的框架。膨胀层涂覆一个或多个冷却片。膨胀层包括分子式为Na2SiO3的硅酸钠、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺交联的树脂、氮化硼颗粒和三铵磷酸。
在另一实施例中，提供了一种具有防火性的涂覆的电路板。涂覆的电路板包括电路板基底和设置在电路板基底上的膨胀层。膨胀层包括量占膨胀层总重量的约25重量％至50重量％的硅酸钠，量占膨胀层总重量的约2重量％至20重量％的季戊四醇，量占膨胀层总重量的约20重量％至60重量％的三聚氰胺交联的缩聚物，量占膨胀层总重量的约2重量％至30重量％的氮化硼颗粒，和量占膨胀层总重量的约0.1重量％至3重量％的磷酸三铵。
附图说明
图1是具有一个或多个膨胀层的电池模块的示意性截面图；
图2是涂覆有膨胀层的电池单元的示意性截面图；
图3是涂覆有膨胀层的电池冷却片的示意性截面图；
图4是涂覆有膨胀层的电池模块泡沫层的示意性截面图；
图5是涂覆有膨胀层的电池模块框架的透视图；以及
图6是在将电子部件基底暴露于火焰时膨胀层的实施例的扩张的示意图。
具体实施方式
现在将详细参考本发明当前优选的组合、实施例和方法，它们构成发明人当前已知的实施本发明的最佳方式。附图并不一定按比例绘制。然而，应理解所公开的实施例仅仅是本发明的示例性方案，其可以用各种和可选形式来具体实施。因此，本文公开的具体细节不应被解释为限制性的，而仅仅作为本发明的任何方面的代表性基础和/或用于教导本领域技术人员不同地使用本发明的代表性基础。
除了在实施例中或另外明确指示的地方之外，本说明书中指示材料量或反应条件和/或用途的全部数量将被描述本发明最广泛的范围的词“约”予以修饰而进行理解。在阐述的数值限值内的实践通常是优选的。同时，除非明确进行相反的表述：百分比、“份数”和比率值以重量计；适合或优选用于结合本发明的给定目标的材料的组或类的描述意味着所述组或类的组分的任何两个或多个的混合物同样适合或优选；以化学术语描述的成分是指在添加至在说明书中指定的任何组合时的成分并且不一定排除在已经混合的混合物的成分之间的化学相互作用；首字母缩略词或其它缩写的第一次定义应用至本文具相同缩写的全部后续用途并加以必要的变通而应用至最初定义的缩写的正常语法变体；并且，除非明确进行相反的表述，性质的测量通过先前或随后参考相同性质的相同技术来确定。
还应当理解的是，本发明并不限于以下所描述的具体实施例和方法，因为具体部件和/或条件当然会改变。此外，本文使用的术语仅仅用于描述本发明的特定实施例的目的且并不意于以任何方式加以限制。
还必须注意的是，如在说明书和附加的权利要求书中所使用，除非上下文另外指明，否则单数形式“一”、“一种”和“所述”包括复数指示。例如，以单数形式提及的部件意于包括多个部件。
在引用公开文献的整个本申请中，将这些公开文献的内容全部引为参考以便更全面地描述本发明所属领域的目前状态。
参考图1，提供了具有一个或多个膨胀层的电池模块的示意性截面图。电池模块10包括多个电池单元12。冷却片14插入在电池单元12之间。在改进方案中，泡沫层16也插入在电池单元12与冷却片14之间。电池单元12、冷却片14和泡沫层16位于电池模块框架18中并由其保持在适当位置。电池模块10还包括膨胀层，其邻近于且通常接触电池模块部件(例如电池单元、冷却片、泡沫层、框架等)。在改进方案中，膨胀层囊封电池模块部件。在其它改进方案中，膨胀层呈凝胶或泡沫的形式。典型地，膨胀层16包括分子式为Na2SiO3的硅酸钠、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺(例如，三聚氰胺残留物)交联的树脂、氮化硼颗粒和磷酸三铵。
参考图2，提供了涂覆有膨胀层的电池单元的示意性截面图。电池单元12包括阳极20和阴极22，其中分离器24插入在阳极与阴极之间。膨胀层26设置在电池单元12上且通常接触电池单元12。在该改进方案中，膨胀层26为涂层。尽管图2示出了囊封电池单元12的膨胀层26，但膨胀层可仅仅应用于冷却片的一个或多个表面。
参考图3，提供了涂覆有膨胀层的电池冷却片的示意性截面图。冷却片14包括冷却片基底30(即，未涂覆的冷却片)。膨胀层26设置在冷却片基底30上且通常接触冷却片基底30。在该改进方案中，膨胀层26是涂覆在冷却片基底的相对侧32和34上的涂层。在又一改进方案中，膨胀层26囊封冷却片基底30。
参考图4，提供了涂覆有膨胀层的电池模块泡沫层的示意性截面图。泡沫层16包括泡沫层基底40(即，未涂覆的泡沫层)。膨胀层26设置在泡沫层基底40上且通常接触泡沫层基底40。在该改进方案中，膨胀层26是涂覆在泡沫层基底的相对侧42和44上的涂层。在又一改进方案中，膨胀层26囊封泡沫层基底40。
参考图5，提供了具有膨胀层的电池模块框架的透视图。电池模块框架18包括由膨胀层26涂覆的基底电池框架。
有利地，膨胀层26提供了三个基本功能。第一功能赞同膨胀层26的保形涂覆方面。例如，在由于短路(例如，由冷却剂泄漏或湿气积聚)或高电势(测得至394V)的存在而产生热量之后，Na2SiO3分解且膨胀以防止O2进一步侵入基底(即，膨胀层的膨胀用作为化学密封)。图6示意地描绘了当电池模块部件基底50暴露于框架52时的该膨胀。膨胀层54看起来膨胀且形成Na2SiO3的绝缘炭化层，其厚度能够高达电池模块部件基底50厚度的50倍。有利地，这能够使电子部件保持低于其维持基础材料的结构整体性的临界温度。
膨胀层的第二功能是阻燃性。在这点上，当加热时磷酸铵分解以得到磷酸：
(NH4)3PO4---->[H(NH4)2]3++PO4 3-+NH3
通常如以下反应所描述的，产生的磷酸促进了季戊四醇的分解以形成碳质的泡沫和水：
三聚氰胺受热分解以形成水和N2，且因此可用于抑制火的形成：
各种分解产物包括以下分子基团：-CH2-O-CH2-、-NH2、NH-CH2-、NR3和-CH2-OH，其中R3为甲基或乙基。
最后功能是用于帮助从电子装置的散热。这是通过氮化硼且尤其是膨胀层中的nBN(纳米结构的氮化硼)来实现。例如，六角氮化硼被报道具有高达1700W/m-K的热传递值。此外，六角氮化硼导热但不导电。除了保护其抵抗氧化(即，热失控)之外，膨胀层的实施例能够快速地将积聚在电子装置(例如，保险丝)上的任何热量转移至周围环境。
在本实施例的变型中，硅酸钠以膨胀层总重量的25重量％至50重量％的量存在。在变型中，硅酸钠以膨胀层的30重量％至35重量％的量存在。
在又一变型中，季戊四醇以膨胀层总重量的约2重量％到20重量％的量存在。在改进方案中，季戊四醇以膨胀层总重量的约5重量％到10重量％的量存在。
在又一变型中，三聚氰胺交联的树脂以膨胀层总重量的约20重量％到60重量％的量存在。在改进方案中，三聚氰胺交联的树脂以约30重量％到40重量％的量存在，氮化硼以约5重量％到20重量％的量存在。
通常，膨胀层16的氮化硼为具有范围为从约20纳米到100纳米的平均空间维度的纳米结构氮化硼。在另一变型中，氮化硼以约2％到30％的量存在。在改进方案中，氮化硼以约5重量％到20重量％的量存在。
在又一变型中，磷酸三铵以膨胀层总重量的约0.1％到3％的量存在。磷酸三铵以约0.5重量％到1重量％的量存在。
在另一实施例中，提供了一种用于应用上文所述的膨胀层的膨胀层成形组合物。该组合物包括溶剂、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺交联的树脂、氮化硼颗粒和磷酸三铵。合适溶剂的实例包括水、醇类(例如：乙醇、甲醇、丙醇等等)。在一种变型中，该组合物为乳化液。在改进方案中，该组合物包括量占组合物总重量的约2.5重量％到25重量％的硅酸钠、量占组合物总重量的约0.2重量％到10重量％的季戊四醇、量占组合物总重量的约2.0重量％到30重量％的三聚氰胺交联的树脂、量占组合物的约0.2重量％到15重量％的氮化硼以及以量占膨胀层总重量的约0.01重量％到1.5重量％的磷酸三铵，并且余量为溶剂(例如：通常为10重量％到50重量％)。通常，膨胀层成形组合物应用于电子部件基底上，接着使溶剂蒸发(例如：烘干或固化)。
表1和表2提供了适用于保护电子装置的膨胀涂层的代表性组合物。
表1膨胀涂层组合物
成分 重量百分比
Na2SiO3 30至35
季戊四醇 5至10
三聚氰胺 30至40
nBN 5至10
(NH4)3PO4 0.5至1
填料 约4
表2膨胀涂层组合物
尽管上文描述了示例性实施例，但是这些实施例并非意在描述本发明的所有可能的形式。更确切地说，说明中使用的词语为描述性词语，而非限制性词语，且应理解的是，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可进行各种更改。此外，各种执行的实施例的特征可组合以形成本发明的其他实施例。

Claims (10)

1.一种高压电池模块，其包括：
多个电池单元；
多个冷却片，其分散在所述电池单元之间；
框架，其用于保持所述多个电池单元和所述多个片；以及
膨胀层，邻近至少一个电池模块部件，所述膨胀层包括：
分子式为Na2SiO3的硅酸钠；
季戊四醇；
三聚氰胺交联的树脂；
氮化硼颗粒；以及
磷酸三铵。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高压电池模块，其中所述氮化硼为纳米结构氮化硼，其具有范围为从约20纳米到100纳米的平均空间维度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高压电池模块，其中所述硅酸钠以所述膨胀层总重量的约25重量％到50重量％的量存在，所述季戊四醇以所述膨胀层总重量的约2重量％到20重量％的量存在，所述三聚氰胺交联的树脂以所述膨胀层总重量的约20重量％到60重量％的量存在，所述氮化硼以所述膨胀层总重量的约2重量％到30重量％的量存在，且磷酸三铵以所述膨胀层总重量的约0.1重量％到3重量％的量存在。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高压电池模块，其中所述膨胀层还包括填料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高压电池模块，其中所述膨胀层为凝胶或泡沫。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高压电池模块，其中至少一个冷却片涂覆有或包覆有所述膨胀层，或至少一个电池单元涂覆有或包覆有所述膨胀层。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高压电池模块，其中所述高压电池模块还包括插入在电池单元与冷却片之间的泡沫层，所述泡沫层涂覆有或包覆有所述膨胀层。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高压电池模块，其中所述框架涂覆有或包覆有所述膨胀层。
9.根据权利要求1所述的高压电池模块，其中所述三聚氰胺交联的树脂包括缩聚物。
10.根据权利要求7所述的高压电池模块，其中所述三聚氰胺交联的树脂包括聚酯树脂、醇酸树脂、环氧树脂或其组合。
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