CN106158992A - 一种n型高效电池及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种N型高效电池,包括发射极层、正面金属层、背面金属、钝化膜层、N型硅片、背面减反射膜层和前面减反射膜层,在N型硅片的基底和发射极层使用纳米硼浆进行硼掺杂形成局部掺杂层,所述局部掺杂层与所述正面金属层形成欧姆接触。本发明还公开一种N型高效电池的制备方法。本发明具有如下的有益效果:效率高于22%,且可以低成本量产化;解决了在不同区域进行选择性硼浓度掺杂的性能问题;浆料在烘干后仅仅只剩下硅硼组合物,无碳残留,不会对硅片基底造成污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新材料及新能源领域,具体的说,是涉及一种N型高效电池及其制备方法。
背景技术
现有P型晶体硅太阳能电池的效率通常低于20%。目区别于P型电池(在硅片中掺杂少许硼元素即为P型硅片),N型电池((在硅片中掺杂少许磷元素即为N型硅片))的效率高于20%的发电电池正走出实验室面向量产。在现有N型电池片制备工艺中,一般仅设有发射极层,在正面金属化烧结的过程中,银栅线与硅片基底的欧姆接触不好,不仅影响栅线的可靠性,还影响了电池的电流输出,影响光电转换效率。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的是为了解决上述现有技术的缺陷,提供一种N型高效电池,其效率高于22%,且性能可靠,生产投入低,制造成本低。
本发明的第二目的是提供所述N型高效电池的制备方法。
为解决上述的技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:一种N型高效电池,包括发射极层、正面金属层、背面金属、钝化膜层、N型硅片、背面减反射膜层和前面减反射膜层,在N型硅片的基底和发射极层使用纳米硼浆进行硼掺杂形成局部掺杂层,可实现硅基底不同区域的硼浓度掺杂,所述局部掺杂层与所述正面金属层形成欧姆接触。
一种N型高效电池的制备方法,其包括的步骤如下:
(1)纳米硼浆料正面线印刷;
(2)与三溴化硼共同进行高温扩散;
所述(1)步骤中,在印刷金属栅线的位置先使用了纳米硅硼浆料进行正面的线印刷。
所述(2)步骤中,将线印刷后带有纳米硅硼浆的硅基底,放置进高温扩散炉,在900-1050℃下通入三溴化硼气体进行正面的高温扩散。
在非印刷区域,三溴化硼扩散形成低浓度掺杂,掺杂后方阻为90-120Ω/□。
印刷的位置处于正面金属化栅线的下方,印刷宽度大于等于正面栅线的宽度;在线印刷区域,纳米硅硼浆的硼浓度高且以纳米形式存在,在高温下即可以形成高浓度掺杂,掺杂后方阻为30-90Ω/□。
印刷厚度为烘干后0.5-10微米厚。
纳米硅硼浆干燥可使用通常干燥设备或者在工业红外烘干炉中进行,烘干温度180-220℃,烘干时间为1-2分钟。
高温处理纳米硅硼浆在工业管式扩散炉进行,温度范围900-1050℃,高温热处理时间为1-2小时。
所述纳米硅硼浆包括以下重量份数组分:掺硼纳米硅3-20份、合成檀香20-80份、添加剂0-10份。
其中,所述掺硼纳米硅的粒径为10-200纳米,微观形貌为具有核壳结构的均一球形,且其特点在于通过较宽的粒径分布(或双峰粒径分布)和适当的大小搭配提高纳米硅的堆积密度。掺硼纳米硅的制备是可采用高温物理法,非化学合成而成。
其中,所述添加剂包括流平剂和消泡剂。
所述流平剂可以是聚甲基苯基硅氧烷、羟甲基纤维素、氟改性丙烯酸酯中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
所述消泡剂可以是聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚、聚二甲基硅氧烷、磷酸三丁酯中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
所述掺硼纳米硅是使用硅作为第一电极和第二电极,引进介电材料进入腔体中,在所述脉冲电源施加电压的作用下第一电极和第二电极产生火花放电,使电极原材料硅熔化、气化,喷射至介电材料中冷却形成硅纳米颗粒,并随后由颗粒收集器分离、收集;所述介电材料为含硼物质的液体或者气体;所述含硼物质参与硅纳米颗粒成核和生长过程,所述制得的硅纳米颗粒里含硼。
本发明利用纳米硅硼浆的材料特性解决了分区域实现硼元素在硅基底的不同浓度掺杂效果,要得益于使用了一种纳米浆料,并搭配合适的电池工艺。
本发明相对于现有技术,具有如下的有益效果:电池效率高于22%,且可以低成本量产化;解决了在不同区域进行选择性硼浓度掺杂的性能问题;浆料在烘干后仅仅只剩下硅硼组合物,无碳残留,不会对硅片基底造成污染。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种N型高效电池的剖面示意图;
图2是本发明一种N型高效电池的制备方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚明白,以下结合附图以及实施例,对本发明一种N型高效电池及其制备方法进行详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
一种N型高效电池,如图1所示,包括发射极层6、正面金属层7、背面金属8、钝化膜层3、N型硅片1、背面减反射膜层4和前面减反射膜层2,在N型硅片的基底和发射极层使用纳米硼浆进行硼掺杂形成局部掺杂层,可实现硅基底不同区域的硼浓度掺杂,所述局部掺杂层5与所述正面金属层8形成欧姆接触。
一种N型高效电池的制备方法,如图2所示,其包括的步骤如下:
(1)硅片清洗,制绒;
(2)纳米硼浆料正面线印刷;
(3)与三溴化硼共同进行高温扩散;
(4)正面沉积Al2O3钝化膜;
(5)双面沉积SiNx膜;
(6)双面激光开槽,穿透钝化膜;
(7)正面印刷银铝浆;
(8)背面印刷银浆;
(9烧结。
其中,(2)步骤包括的步骤如下:①在印刷金属栅线的位置先使用了纳米硅硼浆料进行正面的线印刷;②将线印刷后带有纳米硅硼浆的硅基底,放置进高温扩散炉,在900-1050℃下通入三溴化硼气体进行正面的高温扩散,在正面的区域选择性硼掺杂可以在一步完成:③在非印刷区域,三溴化硼扩散形成低浓度掺杂,掺杂后方阻为90-120Ω/□,在线印刷区域,纳米硅硼浆的硼浓度高且以纳米形式存在,在高温下即可以形成高浓度掺杂,掺杂后方阻为30-90Ω/□。这几个步骤可以在现有工艺条件下用完全相同工艺完成,完全无需进行其他新设备的投入。
纳米硅硼浆印刷在电池正面采用线印刷,印刷的位置处于正面金属化栅线的下方,印刷宽度大于等于正面栅线的宽度。印刷厚度由浆料配比配合网版设计和印刷工艺决定,一般为烘干后0.5-10微米厚。纳米硅硼浆干燥可使用通常干燥设备或者在工业红外烘干炉中进行,烘干温度180-220℃,烘干时间为1-2分钟。高温处理纳米硅硼浆在工业管式扩散炉进行,温度范围900-1050℃,高温热处理时间为1-2小时。在高温的处理过程中,纳米浆料中的硼覆盖区域逐渐扩散进入硅片里面,形成局部富硼掺杂区域,且纳米浆料是以5N级纳米硅为载体,通过高温处理时可与硅片基底融合而不影响其电池性能,而非印刷区域的硅基底则由三溴化硼进行扩散将硼掺入。进一步限定,在印刷完纳米硅硼浆后,实现高温扩散区域的硅基底上所测的方阻值为40-70Ω/□范围内可调。
优选的,印刷厚度为烘干后2-8微米厚。纳米硅硼浆干燥的烘干温度190-210℃,烘干时间为1-2分钟。高温处理纳米硅硼浆的温度范围950-1000℃。在印刷完纳米硅硼浆后,实现高温扩散区域的硅基底上所测的方阻值为40-80Ω/□范围内可调。
更优选的,印刷厚度为烘干后4-6微米厚。纳米硅硼浆干燥的烘干温度195-205℃,烘干时间为1-2分钟。高温处理纳米硅硼浆的温度范围960-980℃。在印刷完纳米硅硼浆后,实现高温扩散区域的硅基底上所测的方阻值为50-70Ω/□范围内可调。
其中所述纳米浆料为纳米硅硼浆,所述纳米硅硼浆包括以下重量份数组分:掺硼纳米硅3-20份、合成檀香20-80份、添加剂0-10份。所述掺硼纳米硅的粒径为10-200纳米,微观形貌为具有核壳结构的均一球形,且其特点在于通过较宽的粒径分布(或双峰粒径分布)和适当的大小搭配提高纳米硅的堆积密度。掺硼纳米硅的制备是可采用高温物理法,非化学合成而成。所述合成檀香不仅作为接枝改性剂,也具有改善浆料粘度及流变性等功能,可调节浆料的粘度在3000-10000mPa.s,适合不同丝网印刷或旋涂的工艺。因本发明不使用高聚物树脂作为粘度增稠剂,在通常的烘干温度下(<230℃)即可去除全部有机物,本发明浆料在烘干后仅仅只剩下硅硼组合物,无碳残留,不会对硅片基底造成污染。
所述纳米硅硼浆的制备方法是将上述组分搅拌均匀后,通过三辊轧机或球磨等设备研磨制备成纳米硼浆。
所述掺硼纳米硅是使用硅作为第一电极和第二电极,引进介电材料进入腔体中,在所述脉冲电源施加电压的作用下第一电极和第二电极产生火花放电,使电极原材料硅熔化、气化,喷射至介电材料中冷却形成硅纳米颗粒,并随后由颗粒收集器分离、收集;所述介电材料为含硼物质的液体或者气体;所述含硼物质参与硅纳米颗粒成核和生长过程,所述制得的硅纳米颗粒里含硼。
其中,所述添加剂包括流平剂和消泡剂等小分子物质。所述流平剂可以是聚甲基苯基硅氧烷、羟甲基纤维素、氟改性丙烯酸酯中的一种或两种以上的混合物。所述消泡剂可以是聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚、聚二甲基硅氧烷、磷酸三丁酯中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
因本发明不使用高聚物树脂作为粘度增稠剂,在通常的烘干温度下(<230℃)即可去除全部有机物,本发明浆料在烘干后仅仅只剩下硅硼组合物,无碳残留,不会对硅片基底造成污染。
优选的,所述纳米硅硼浆包括以下重量份数组分:掺硼纳米硅6-15份、合成檀香30-60份、添加剂2-8份。
更优选的,所述纳米硅硼浆包括以下重量份数组分:掺硼纳米硅8-10份、合成檀香40-50份、添加剂3-5份。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,但本发明专利的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明所公开的范围内,根据本发明的技术方案以及其发明专利构思加以等同替换或改变,都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种N型高效电池,包括发射极层、正面金属层、背面金属、钝化膜层、N型硅片、背面减反射膜层和前面减反射膜层,其特征在于:在N型硅片的基底和发射极层使用纳米硼浆进行硼掺杂形成局部掺杂层,所述局部掺杂层与所述正面金属层形成欧姆接触。
2.一种N型高效电池的制备方法,其特征在于:其包括的步骤如下:
(1)纳米硼浆料正面线印刷;
(2)与三溴化硼共同进行高温扩散;
所述(1)步骤中,在印刷金属栅线的位置先使用了纳米硅硼浆料进行正面的线印刷;
所述(2)步骤中,将线印刷后带有纳米硅硼浆的硅基底,放置进高温扩散炉,在900-1050℃下通入三溴化硼气体进行正面的高温扩散。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种N型高效电池的制备方法,其特征在于:在非印刷区域,三溴化硼扩散形成低浓度掺杂,掺杂后方阻为90-120Ω/口;在线印刷区域,在高温下即可以形成高浓度掺杂,掺杂后方阻为30-90Ω/口。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种N型高效电池的制备方法,其特征在于:印刷的位置处于正面金属化栅线的下方,印刷宽度大于等于正面栅线的宽度。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种N型高效电池的制备方法,其特征在于:印刷厚度为烘干后0.5-10微米厚。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种N型高效电池的制备方法,其特征在于:纳米硅硼浆干燥的烘干温度180-220℃,烘干时间为1-2分钟。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种N型高效电池的制备方法,其特征在于:高温处理纳米硅硼浆的温度范围900-1050℃,高温热处理时间为1-2小时。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种N型高效电池的制备方法,其特征在于:所述纳米硅硼浆,所述纳米硅硼浆包括以下重量份数组分:掺硼纳米硅3-20份、合成檀香20-80份、添加剂0-10份。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种N型高效电池的制备方法,其特征在于:所述掺硼纳米硅的粒径为10-200纳米。
10.根据权利要求8所述的一种N型高效电池的制备方法,其特征在于:所述添加剂包括流平剂和消泡剂;所述流平剂是聚甲基苯基硅氧烷、羟甲基纤维素、氟改性丙烯酸酯中的一种或两种以上的混合物;所述消泡剂是聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚、聚二甲基硅氧烷、磷酸三丁酯中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
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