CN106154321A - The detection method of perforation signal and device - Google Patents
The detection method of perforation signal and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106154321A CN106154321A CN201610575958.2A CN201610575958A CN106154321A CN 106154321 A CN106154321 A CN 106154321A CN 201610575958 A CN201610575958 A CN 201610575958A CN 106154321 A CN106154321 A CN 106154321A
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Abstract
The invention provides detection method and the device of a kind of perforation signal, wherein, the method includes: detects and whether there is tube wave feature wave field in multiple wave field, if existing, then intercepts out as pre-detection perforation signal；If not existing, then carry out TEC time error correction and overlap-add procedure, and the wave field after superposition extract tube wave feature wave field, using extract to wavefield signals before superposition during correspondence as pre-detection perforation signal；The complete one or more wavefield signals of perforation moment, compressional wave first arrival time and shear wave first arrival time that cover are intercepted as the perforation signal detected from pre-detection perforation signal.In embodiments of the present invention, tube wave feature wave field is utilized to identify perforation signal rapidly and accurately, such that it is able to realize effective differentiation of perforation record and micro-seismic event.The method step is succinct, it is easy to implements, can be effectively improved the detection level of perforation signal and finally improve the positioning precision of micro-seismic event.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic exploration technique field, particularly to detection method and the device of a kind of perforation signal.
Background technology
In unconventionaloil pool hydraulic fracturing job or geothermal utilization engineering, rock can be obtained by micro-seismic monitoring and break
The acoustie emission event produced when splitting, utilizes perforation record to carry out velocity model corrections and horizontal component orientation can be effectively improved micro-
The positioning precision of seismic events, can reveal that the information such as the spatial distribution that subsurface rock ruptures to the fine location of these events,
There is provided for the parameter optimization of the engineerings such as fracturing and recruitment evaluation etc. and the most directly help.
There is a lot of micro-seismic monitoring method at present, monitoring method in general employing well.Carry out when there is no alternative well
In well during monitoring, ground arrangement monitoring method is the most conventional.For ground surface monitoring method, zip mode fracturing process or synchronous pressure
Data acquisition traditional method obtained by cracking method, when the method for the longest short time-window ratio carries out the detection of perforation record, due to institute
The signal to noise ratio of the data obtained is relatively low easily causes perforation signal detection difficulty.Zip mode fracturing process refers to put down two mouthfuls
Capable, the close together horizontal well being positioned at identical platform, carries out perforation to another mouthful of well, flatly while to a bite well pressure break
The pressure break of well and the perforation of another mouthful of well are carried out simultaneously, two mouthfuls of well pressure breaks fracturing process alternately.When using this zip mode
When fracturing process carries out micro-seismic monitoring, perforation record and micro-seismic event between different wells can produce aliasing.Similarly, when
When using the method synchronizing pressure break, perforation record and micro-seismic event also can produce aliasing, thus cause perforation signal detection to be stranded
Difficulty, make further rate pattern cannot accurate calibration, three-component orientation cannot accurately implement, seriously reduce microseism thing
The positioning precision of part.
During for above-mentioned perforation signal detection, owing to signal to noise ratio is relatively low or uses synchronization pressure break or zip mode pressure break to lead
The problem causing perforation detection difficult, the most not yet proposes effective solution.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments provide detection method and the device of a kind of perforation signal, to solve perforation letter in prior art
During number detection, owing to signal to noise ratio is relatively low or uses and synchronizes pressure break or zip mode pressure break and cause perforation record and micro-seismic event
Aliasing causes perforation record accurately to obtain, and ultimately results in the problem that the positioning precision of micro-seismic event reduces.
Embodiments providing the detection method of a kind of perforation signal, the method includes: obtain fractured well in work area
The multiple wave fields produced during pressure break, wherein, described wave field is to be received, by multiple cymoscopes, the wave field record obtained；Detection institute
State and whether multiple wave field exists the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation, if it is present relevant with perforation by existing
During one section of tube wave feature wave field, the wave field record of window intercepts out as pre-detection perforation signal；If it does not, to institute
State wave field record and carry out TEC time error correction, and the wave field record after carrying out TEC time error correction is overlapped, to be existed and perforation
Relevant tube wave feature wave field；Wave field after superposition extracts the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation, and determines institute
State in wave field record with extract tube wave feature wave field corresponding time window superposition before wavefield signals, or many will extracted
Individual wavefield signals is as pre-detection perforation signal；Calculate the perforation moment of described pre-detection perforation signal, compressional wave first arrival time with
And shear wave first arrival time；When intercepting complete covering described perforation moment, described compressional wave first arrival from described pre-detection perforation signal
Between and one or more wavefield signals of described shear wave first arrival time, will intercept one or more wavefield signals in have vertical
The wavefield signals of shear wave first arrival and tube wave feature wave field is as the perforation signal detected.
In one embodiment, it is in the case of three-component receives cymoscope at described cymoscope, from described pre-detection
Perforation signal intercepts complete covering described perforation moment, described compressional wave first arrival time and one of described shear wave first arrival time
Or after multiple wavefield signals is as the perforation signal detected, described method also comprise determining that described in the perforation letter that detects
Number corresponding to the horizontal component azimuth of each geophone station in the plurality of cymoscope；The perforation signal detected described in pickup
First arrival position, is corrected the microseism rate pattern in described work area；Behind described horizontal component azimuth and correction
Micro-seismic event is positioned, explains fracturing fracture by rate pattern；It is that simple component receives detection at described cymoscope
In the case of device, from described pre-detection perforation signal, intercepting complete covering described perforation moment, described compressional wave first arrival time
And after one or more wavefield signals of described shear wave first arrival time are as the perforation signal detected, described method is also wrapped
Include: the first arrival position of the perforation signal detected described in pickup, the microseism rate pattern in described work area is corrected；According to
Micro-seismic event is positioned, explains fracturing fracture by the rate pattern after correction.
In one embodiment, described tube wave feature wave field includes: first mode tube wave feature wave field, the second pattern
Tube wave feature wave field, the 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field and fourth mode tube wave feature wave field, wherein, described first mould
Formula tube wave feature wave field is the longitudinal wave field that tube wave is changed out at pit shaft bridging plug, described second pattern tube wave characteristic wave
The shear wave wave field that field is changed out at pit shaft bridging plug for tube wave, described 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field is fractured well pit shaft
The wave field that energy receives revealed at monitoring well by the ripple borehole wall, and described fourth mode tube wave feature wave field is described 3rd tube wave
Upwardly propagate after the accumulation of feature wave field, the tube wave wave field of the travel downward that turns back again after arriving pit shaft liquid level.
In one embodiment, perforation moment, compressional wave first arrival time and the shear wave of described pre-detection perforation signal are calculated
First arrival time, including: calculate the perforation moment of described pre-detection perforation signal；During perforation according to described pre-detection perforation signal
Carve, calculate the compressional wave first arrival time of described pre-detection perforation signal；According to the perforation moment of described pre-detection perforation signal, calculate
The shear wave first arrival time of described pre-detection perforation signal.
In one embodiment, according to the perforation moment of the below equation described pre-detection perforation signal of calculating:
Ttw-To=(MDperf-MDrece)/Vtw+Dw/Vp
Wherein, TtwRepresent the time that described 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field arrives, ToRepresent described pre-detection perforation
The perforation moment of signal, MDperfRepresent fathoming of described 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field, MDreceRepresent the described 3rd
The geophone station vertical depth of pattern tube wave feature wave field fathoms corresponding to fractured well position, VtwRepresent pit shaft velocity of wave
Degree, DwRepresent the level interval between monitoring well and described fractured well, VpRepresent the vertical of described 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field
Wave velocity.
In one embodiment, according to the compressional wave first arrival time of the below equation described pre-detection perforation signal of calculating:
Tpi=To+Di/Vp
Wherein, TpiRepresent the compressional wave first arrival time of described pre-detection perforation signal i-th geophone station, ToRepresent described preliminary examination
Survey the perforation moment of perforation signal, DiRepresent the perforating site of described pre-detection perforation signal to i-th geophone station straight line away from
From, VpRepresent the velocity of longitudinal wave on described pre-detection perforation signal correspondence stratum；
And/or, according to the shear wave first arrival time of the below equation described pre-detection perforation signal of calculating:
Tsi=To+Di/Vs
Wherein, TsiRepresent the shear wave first arrival time of described pre-detection perforation signal i-th geophone station, ToRepresent described preliminary examination
Survey the perforation moment of perforation signal, DiRepresent the perforating site of described pre-detection perforation signal to i-th geophone station straight line away from
From, VsRepresent the velocity of longitudinal wave on described pre-detection perforation signal correspondence stratum.
The embodiment of the present invention additionally provides the detection device of a kind of perforation signal, and this device includes: acquisition module, is used for obtaining
Taking multiple wave fields that fractured well in work area produces during pressure break, wherein, described wave field is received by multiple cymoscopes and obtains
Wave field record；Detection module, for detecting whether the plurality of wave field exists the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation, as
Fruit existence, then during will there is the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation one section, the wave field record of window intercepts out as preliminary examination
Survey perforation signal；Select module, in the case of there is not the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation in multiple wave fields,
Described wave field record is carried out TEC time error correction, and the wave field record after carrying out TEC time error correction is overlapped, with obtain exist with
The tube wave feature wave field that perforation is relevant；The tube wave feature wave field that wave field after superposition, extraction is relevant with perforation, and really
In fixed described wave field record corresponding with the tube wave feature wave field extracted time window superposition before wavefield signals, will extracted
Or multiple wavefield signals is as pre-detection perforation signal；Computing module, during for calculating the perforation of described pre-detection perforation signal
Quarter, compressional wave first arrival time and shear wave first arrival time；Determine module, completely cover for intercepting from described pre-detection perforation signal
Cover described perforation moment, described compressional wave first arrival time and one or more wavefield signals of described shear wave first arrival time, will cut
The one or more wavefield signals taken have the wavefield signals of ripple first arrival in length and breadth and tube wave feature wave field as detecting
Perforation signal.
In one embodiment, in the case of described cymoscope is three-component reception cymoscope, described three-component determines
Module also includes: three-component azimuth determines unit, for intercepting from described pre-detection perforation signal described in complete covering
One or more wavefield signals of perforation moment, described compressional wave first arrival time and described shear wave first arrival time are as detecting
After perforation signal, determine described in the perforation signal that detects divide corresponding to the level of each geophone station in the plurality of cymoscope
Amount azimuth；Three-component velocity model correction unit, is used for the first arrival position of the perforation signal detected described in picking up, to described
The microseism rate pattern in work area is corrected；Three-component location Interpretation unit, for according to described horizontal component azimuth and
Micro-seismic event is positioned, explains fracturing fracture by the rate pattern after correction；It is simple component at described cymoscope
In the case of receiving cymoscope, described simple component determines that module also includes: simple component velocity model corrections unit, for from institute
When stating intercepting complete covering described perforation moment, described compressional wave first arrival time and described shear wave first arrival in pre-detection perforation signal
Between one or more wavefield signals as the perforation signal detected after, the first arrival of the perforation signal detected described in pickup
Position, is corrected the microseism rate pattern in described work area；Simple component location Interpretation unit, for according to the speed after correction
Micro-seismic event is positioned, explains fracturing fracture by degree model.
In one embodiment, described tube wave feature wave field includes: first mode tube wave feature wave field, the second pattern
Tube wave feature wave field, the 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field and fourth mode tube wave feature wave field, wherein, described first mould
Formula tube wave feature wave field is the longitudinal wave field that tube wave is changed out at pit shaft bridging plug, described second pattern tube wave characteristic wave
The shear wave wave field that field is changed out at pit shaft bridging plug for tube wave, described 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field is fractured well pit shaft
The wave field that energy receives revealed at monitoring well by the ripple borehole wall, and described fourth mode tube wave feature wave field is described 3rd tube wave
Upwardly propagate after the accumulation of feature wave field, the tube wave wave field of the travel downward that turns back again after arriving pit shaft liquid level.
In one embodiment, described computing module includes: perforation moment computing unit, is used for calculating described pre-detection and penetrates
The perforation moment of hole signal；Compressional wave first arrival time computing unit, for the perforation moment according to described pre-detection perforation signal, meter
Calculate the compressional wave first arrival time of described pre-detection perforation signal；Shear wave first arrival time computing unit, for penetrating according to described pre-detection
In the perforation moment of hole signal, calculate the shear wave first arrival time of described pre-detection perforation signal.
In embodiments of the present invention, whether the detection fractured well wave field record when perforation exists the well relevant to perforation
Tube wave feature wave field and using the feature wave field that detects as pre-detection perforation signal, intercept complete from pre-detection perforation signal
Cover one or more wavefield signals of perforation moment, compressional wave first arrival time and shear wave first arrival time as the perforation detected
Signal.The linear character of the tube wave feature wave field produced when utilizing perforation, can identify rapidly and accurately perforation signal and
First arrival position accurately, such that it is able to realize effective differentiation of perforation record and micro-seismic event.The method step is succinct, it is easy to
Implement, detect quick and precisely, for improving the detection level of perforation signal and finally improving the positioning precision tool of micro-seismic event
Significant.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, constitutes the part of the application, not
Constitute limitation of the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the detection method of the perforation signal of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that three continuous perforation records (spacing 35 meters) the compressional wave first arrival of the embodiment of the present invention is evened up and postrotational vertical
Wave field schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that three continuous perforation records (spacing 35 meters) the shear wave first arrival of the embodiment of the present invention is evened up and postrotational horizontal stroke
Wave field schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is monitoring typical case three-component perforation record schematic diagram in the well after the rotation of horizontal component of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the stream that the detection method utilizing perforation signal of the embodiment of the present invention carries out perforation signal detection to certain block
Cheng Tu；
Fig. 6 is that the detection method utilizing perforation signal of the embodiment of the present invention carries out perforation letter to China's middle and south block
Number detection time-frequency spectrum schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is the positioning result signal that the detection method utilizing perforation signal of the embodiment of the present invention carries out micro-seismic monitoring
Figure；
Fig. 8 is a kind of structured flowchart of the detection device of the perforation signal of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, right
The present invention is described in further details.Here, the exemplary embodiment of the present invention and explanation thereof are used for explaining the present invention, but also
Not as a limitation of the invention.
For solving prior art to use the method for long short time-window ratio directly carry out perforation record detection, or use synchronization
The when that pressure break or zip mode pressure break carrying out the detection of perforation record, owing to perforation record and micro-seismic event can produce aliasing,
Thus cause perforation signal detection difficulty, make further microseism rate pattern cannot the problem of accurate calibration, the present invention
Embodiment proposes the detection method of a kind of perforation signal.Concrete, in this example, as it is shown in figure 1, comprise the following steps:
Step 101: multiple wave fields that in acquisition work area, fractured well produces during pressure break, wherein, described wave field is by many
Individual cymoscope receives the wave field record obtained；
Perforation is to use special cumulative equipment to enter the perforate that carries out exploding of well predetermined level to allow fluid in down-hole formation enter
Enter the activity of eyelet, can apply to oil gas field and coalfield, sometimes be also applied to the exploitation at water source.Wherein, to predetermined
When layer position carries out perforation, produced seismic signal is perforation signal.
Microseism refers to a kind of small-sized earthquake.Waterpower before underground mine deep mining or unconventionaloil pool are exploited
In fracturing process, the most inevitably there is rock rupture and earthquake.This due to the microseism of exploitation induction, generally may be used
To be defined as, the seismic events that the rock mass near productive formation causes the rock failure mechanism of rock in response to field of force change and causes.Wherein, open
Adopt the stress state that surrounding formation is total, refer to the additional stress caused by exploitation and the summation of rock internal milieu stress.
In the present embodiment, synchronous pressure cracking method can be gathered by a plurality of arrangement in ground or borehole geophone or draw
Chain type fracturing process produces the simple component of wave field or three-component microseism data.It is of course also possible to use additive method prison
Surveying the microseism data in work area, this is not construed as limiting by the present invention.
Step 102: detect and whether there is the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation in the plurality of wave field, if deposited
, then when will there is the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation one section, the wave field record of window intercepts out and penetrates as pre-detection
Hole signal；
Wherein, tube wave feature wave field includes following four pattern: the first tube wave feature wave field, the second tube wave feature
Wave field, the 3rd tube wave feature wave field, the 4th tube wave feature wave field.Wherein, the first tube wave feature wave field is that tube wave exists
The longitudinal wave field changed out at pit shaft bridging plug, is illustrated in figure 2 three continuous perforation records (spacing is 35 meters) compressional wave first arrival and draws
Flat and postrotational longitudinal wave field, wherein, follow-up relatively smooth sea shape is that perforation produces change out after tube wave arrives bridging plug vertical
Ripple)；Second tube wave feature wave field is the shear wave wave field that tube wave is changed out at pit shaft bridging plug, is three as shown in Figure 3
Perforation record (spacing 35 meters) shear wave first arrival is evened up and postrotational shear wave wave field continuously, and wherein, follow-up more weak low frequency waveform is
Perforation produces the shear wave changed out after tube wave arrives bridging plug；3rd tube wave feature wave field is that tube wave borehole wall leakage energy exists
The tube wave wave field that detection well secondary excitation goes out, is illustrated in figure 4 in the well after rotation of horizontal component monitoring typical case's three-component and penetrates
Hole record, wherein existing characteristics wave field 3；4th tube wave feature wave field is that the 3rd tube wave feature wave field accumulation is backward to be uploaded
Broadcast, the tube wave wave field of the travel downward that turns back again after arriving pit shaft liquid level, be illustrated in figure 5 in the well after rotation of horizontal component prison
Survey typical case's three-component perforation record, wherein existing characteristics wave field 4.
I.e., it is possible to refer to the tube wave feature wave field of following four pattern: perforation excites and creates pole in fractured well
Strong tube wave, and simultaneously propagating to well head both sides, propagate to bridging plug direction be hampered after secondary compressional wave, shear wave with bulk wave shape
Formula is outwards propagated, and the compressional wave now produced and shear wave are the first tube wave feature wave field and the second tube wave characteristic wave respectively
?；The tube wave propagated to well head can produce the wavefield energy leaked out near the borehole wall, when monitoring well and fractured well pit shaft
When straight well section relativelys close to, release model has inspired again tube wave at monitoring well, and this is the 3rd tube wave feature wave field, when
Fractured well and monitoring well energy when nearer are the strongest；Additionally the tube wave energy of fractured well constantly leak and monitoring well in two
The secondary tube wave excited can constantly add up and propagate to the well head of monitoring well, and turn back again after arriving pit shaft liquid level travel downward, this
It it is the 4th tube wave feature wave field.When using ground arrangement monitoring method that these four tube wave feature wave field is monitored, can
To monitor the face ripple excited after fractured well tube wave upwardly propagates arrival well head, this face ripple has linearly outwards to be propagated by well head
Feature.Analyze according to above, perforation signal can be detected by the processing method of prominent perforation feature wave field, and realize penetrating
Hole signal and the differentiation of micro-seismic event.
Whether multiple wave fields that in detection work area, fractured well produces during pressure break exist the tube wave relevant with perforation
Feature wave field, if it is present by the wave field record intercepting of window when there is a section of the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation
Out directly as pre-detection perforation signal, then carry out follow-up various signal processing.
After pre-detection perforation signal in directly detecting work area, the perforation signal detected can be carried out tentatively
Process.As, denoising, filtering with predominant frequency band and linear TEC time error correction and superposition etc. can be carried out and process.
Step 103: if it does not, described wave field record to be carried out TEC time error correction, and to carrying out the ripple after TEC time error correction
Script holder's record is overlapped, to obtain there is the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation；Wave field after superposition extracts and penetrates
The tube wave feature wave field that hole is relevant, and window folded when determining corresponding with the tube wave feature wave field extracted in described wave field record
Add front wavefield signals, using one or more wavefield signals of extracting as pre-detection perforation signal；
The wavefield data relatively low to signal to noise ratio during described perforation, if feature wave field Direct Recognition cannot can carry out tube wave
TEC time error correction and superposition, obtain the tube wave feature wave field after overlap-add procedure, carry out feature wave field identification the most again.
Specifically, after wave field record is carried out denoising, filtering with predominant frequency band and linear TEC time error correction process, can adopt
It is overlapped processing to tube wave feature wave field by the method by arrangement superposition.It is of course also possible to use other stacking methods to divide
Other be overlapped these four tube wave processes, and this is not construed as limiting by the present invention.
It is possible to further wave field after superposition extracts the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation, and determine ripple
Script holder record in extract tube wave feature wave field corresponding time window superposition before wavefield signals, the one or more ripples that will extract
Field signal is as pre-detection perforation signal.
Step 104: when calculating perforation moment, compressional wave first arrival time and the shear wave first arrival of described pre-detection perforation signal
Between；
Specifically, can according to following steps be calculated the perforation moment of tube wave feature wave field, compressional wave first arrival time with
And shear wave first arrival time:
1) the perforation moment of pre-detection perforation signal is calculated
Can be according to the perforation moment of below equation calculating pre-detection perforation signal:
Ttw-To=(MDperf-MDrece)/Vtw+Dw/Vp
Wherein, TtwRepresent the time that the 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field arrives, ToRepresent penetrating of pre-detection perforation signal
The hole moment, MDperfRepresent fathoming of the 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field, MDreceRepresent the 3rd pattern tube wave characteristic wave
The geophone station vertical depth of field fathoming corresponding to fractured well position, VtwRepresent tube wave speed, DwRepresent monitoring well with
Level interval between fractured well, VpRepresent the velocity of longitudinal wave of the 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field.
2) according to the perforation moment of pre-detection perforation signal, the compressional wave first arrival time of pre-detection perforation signal is calculated
Can be according to the compressional wave first arrival time of below equation calculating pre-detection perforation signal:
Tpi=To+Di/Vp
Wherein, TpiRepresent the compressional wave first arrival time of pre-detection perforation signal i-th geophone station, ToRepresent pre-detection perforation letter
Number the perforation moment, DiRepresent the perforating site air line distance to i-th geophone station of pre-detection perforation signal, VpRepresent preliminary examination
Survey the velocity of longitudinal wave on perforation signal correspondence stratum.
3) according to the perforation moment of pre-detection perforation signal, the shear wave first arrival time of pre-detection perforation signal is calculated
Can be according to the shear wave first arrival time of below equation calculating pre-detection perforation signal:
Tsi=To+Di/Vs
Wherein, TsiRepresent the shear wave first arrival time of pre-detection perforation signal i-th geophone station, ToRepresent pre-detection perforation letter
Number the perforation moment, DiRepresent the perforating site air line distance to i-th geophone station of pre-detection perforation signal, VsRepresent preliminary examination
Survey the velocity of longitudinal wave on perforation signal correspondence stratum.
Step 105: when intercepting complete covering described perforation moment, described compressional wave first arrival from described pre-detection perforation signal
Between and one or more wavefield signals of described shear wave first arrival time, will intercept one or more wavefield signals in have vertical
The wavefield signals of shear wave first arrival and tube wave feature wave field is as the perforation signal detected.
In the present embodiment, the detection method of the perforation signal proposed in application the application carries out the detection of perforation signal
Afterwards, in the case of cymoscope is three-component reception cymoscope, can use following steps that microseism rate pattern is carried out
Correction:
S5-1-1: determine that the perforation signal detected is corresponding to the horizontal component orientation of each geophone station in multiple cymoscopes
Angle；
S5-1-2: the first arrival position of the perforation signal that pickup detects, is corrected the microseism rate pattern in work area；
S5-1-3: micro-seismic event is positioned, to pressure according to the rate pattern behind horizontal component azimuth and correction
Crack explains.
In the present embodiment, the detection method of the perforation signal proposed in application the application carries out the detection of perforation signal
Afterwards, in the case of cymoscope is simple component reception cymoscope, can use following steps that microseism rate pattern is carried out
Correction:
S5-2-1: the first arrival position of the perforation signal that pickup detects, is corrected the microseism rate pattern in work area；
S5-2-2: micro-seismic event is positioned according to the rate pattern after correction, fracturing fracture is explained.
In the present embodiment, after obtaining multiple wave fields that in work area, fractured well produces during pressure break, can first examine
Survey and whether multiple wave field exists the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation.When it is present, this signal is directly intercepted as rear
Continuous pre-detection perforation signal；In the presence of not, wave field record is carried out TEC time error correction and overlap-add procedure, the wave field after superposition
The middle extraction tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation is as pre-detection perforation signal.Intercept from pre-detection perforation signal again
One or more wavefield signals of whole covering perforation moment, compressional wave first arrival time and shear wave first arrival time are as penetrating of detecting
Hole signal.Determine the perforation letter detected by the horizontal component azimuth of detected perforation signal, pickup on this basis
Number first arrival position, then according to horizontal component azimuth and the first arrival position picked up to the microseism speed mould in work area
Type is corrected.
Detection method at the perforation signal of certain block application embodiment of the present invention proposition detects.Specifically, at this
Three mouthfuls of water horizontal wells are had: H1, H2, H3, and a bite peupendicular hole: V1 in block.The peupendicular hole section being utilized respectively H3 well receives H1 well
And the zip mode perforation of H2 well and pressure break, the normal perforation of multistage and the pressure break receiving H3 well with V1, these three mouthfuls of wells are penetrated
Hole signal detection test.
First, for horizontal well H1, H2, in the middle part of H3 well, in 30 wells of peupendicular hole section arrangement, three-component geophone is carried out
Two horizontal wells H1, H2 are used the method synchronizing pressure break to carry out perforation signal detection test, and utilize H3 by signals collecting respectively
Well gathers.After obtaining the signal that H3 well is gathered, the string in H3 well is taken out and puts in well V1 well, for H3 well
Perforation before pressure break carries out perforation signal detection test, and utilizes V1 well to carry out signals collecting.H1 well and every mouthful of well of H2 well are equal
Having 12 sections, H3 well has 8 sections, and every section can carry out 3 perforations, and perforation is spaced about 35 meters.The perforation letter that application the present embodiment proposes
Number detection method monitored whole perforation record.Specifically, as it is shown in figure 5, comprise the following steps:
Step 501: be respectively adopted the perforation obtained by synchronous pressure cracking method and zip mode fracturing process in obtaining work area
The tube wave feature wave field of signal；
Received by 30 geophone stations in H3 well, gather the zip mode pressure break data of H1 and H2 well.After completing, by H3 well
String propose to be put in V1 well, to H3 well perforating and fracturing piecemeal, gather the perforation in H3 well and pressure break data by V1.
Preliminary analysis is carried out, it is thus achieved that the perforation record that signal to noise ratio is higher in the perforation period data to being gathered.To all
The data of perforation period carry out linear denoising, the scanning of tube wave dominant frequency band, and linear speed correct overlay, identify pit shaft baud
Levy the position of wave field.
Step 502: Negotiation speed model, mud velocity and perforation fathom calculating relative to tube wave feature wave field
Compressional wave first arrival time and shear wave first arrival time；
In the perforation period, data are carried out preliminary analysis, it is thus achieved that the perforation big gun record that signal to noise ratio is higher, Negotiation speed model,
Mud velocity (1500m/s) and perforation fathom and calculate compressional wave first arrival time and the shear wave first arrival of tube wave feature wave field
Time, verify ripple first arrival in length and breadth and relation correctness when walking of the secondary wave field of pit shaft.
Step 503: intercept described compressional wave first arrival time and wavefield data during correspondence is entered by described shear wave first arrival time
Row is pre-to be judged, if can identify, intercepts the time window of complete covering wave field in length and breadth, as the perforation signal detected.
Window during first arrival is carried out filtering with predominant frequency band, prominent effective wave energy, determine the characteristic wave field distribution of perforation record.
Specifically, the detection method utilizing perforation signal carries out time-frequency spectrum such as Fig. 6 of perforation signal detection to China's middle and south block
Shown in.
After perforation record obtained above is utilized filtering with predominant frequency band, during first arrival, window energy ratio determines three component seismic data
Horizontal component azimuth, picks up the first arrival time of perforation signal after rotation, finally according to the first arrival time of perforation signal to block
Interior microseism rate pattern is corrected.Utilize the rate pattern after correction and the horizontal component azimuth that obtains micro-to pressure break
Seismic events carries out location etc. and processes.The detection method of the perforation signal of application the present embodiment carries out microseism velocity model corrections
Rear positioning result is as shown in Figure 7.
Based on same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides the detection device of a kind of perforation signal, as following
Embodiment described in.Owing to the principle of the detection device solution problem of perforation signal is similar to the detection method of perforation signal, because of
The enforcement of the detection device of this perforation signal may refer to the enforcement of the detection method of perforation signal, repeats no more in place of repetition.
Used below, term " unit " or " module " can realize the software of predetermined function and/or the combination of hardware.Although with
Device described by lower embodiment preferably realizes with software, but hardware, or the realization of the combination of software and hardware is also
May and be contemplated.Fig. 8 is a kind of structured flowchart of the detection device of the perforation signal of the embodiment of the present invention, such as Fig. 8 institute
Show, including: acquisition module 801, detection module 802, select module 803, computing module 804, determine module 805, below to this
Structure illustrates.
Acquisition module 801, may be used for obtaining multiple wave fields that fractured well produces during pressure break in work area, wherein, ripple
Field is to be received, by multiple cymoscopes, the wave field record obtained；
Detection module 802, may be used for detecting whether there is the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation in multiple wave field,
If it is present the wave field record of window intercepts out as in advance when will there is a section of the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation
Detection perforation signal；
Select module 803, may be used for not existing the feelings of the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation in multiple wave fields
Under condition, wave field record is carried out TEC time error correction, and the wave field record after carrying out TEC time error correction is overlapped, with obtain exist with
The tube wave feature wave field that perforation is relevant；The tube wave feature wave field that wave field after superposition, extraction is relevant with perforation, and really
Standing wave script holder record in extract tube wave feature wave field corresponding time window superposition before wavefield signals, or many will extracted
Individual wavefield signals is as pre-detection perforation signal；
Computing module 804, may be used for calculating the perforation moment of pre-detection perforation signal, compressional wave first arrival time and shear wave
First arrival time；
Determine module 805, when may be used for intercepting complete covering perforation moment, compressional wave first arrival from pre-detection perforation signal
Between and one or more wavefield signals of shear wave first arrival time, will intercept one or more wavefield signals in have ripple in length and breadth
The wavefield signals of first arrival and tube wave feature wave field is as the perforation signal detected.
In one embodiment, in the case of cymoscope is three-component reception cymoscope, three-component determines that module also may be used
To include: three-component azimuth determines unit, may be used for intercept from pre-detection perforation signal complete cover the perforation moment,
After one or more wavefield signals of compressional wave first arrival time and shear wave first arrival time are as the perforation signal detected, determine
The perforation signal detected is corresponding to the horizontal component azimuth of each geophone station in multiple cymoscopes；Three-component velocity model school
Positive unit, may be used for picking up the first arrival position of the perforation signal detected, is corrected the microseism rate pattern in work area；
Three-component location Interpretation unit, micro-seismic event is entered by the rate pattern after may be used for according to horizontal component azimuth and correction
Row positions, explains fracturing fracture；
It is that in the case of simple component receives cymoscope, simple component determines that module can also include at cymoscope: simple component speed
Degree model correction unit, for intercept from pre-detection perforation signal complete cover the perforation moment, compressional wave first arrival time and
After one or more wavefield signals of shear wave first arrival time are as the perforation signal detected, the perforation signal that pickup detects
First arrival position, the microseism rate pattern in work area is corrected；Simple component location Interpretation unit, after according to correction
Micro-seismic event is positioned, explains fracturing fracture by rate pattern.
In one embodiment, tube wave feature wave field may include that first mode tube wave feature wave field, the second pattern
Tube wave feature wave field, the 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field and fourth mode tube wave feature wave field, wherein, first mode well
Tube wave feature wave field is the longitudinal wave field that tube wave is changed out at pit shaft bridging plug, and the second pattern tube wave feature wave field is pit shaft
The shear wave wave field that ripple is changed out at pit shaft bridging plug, the 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field is that energy revealed by the fractured well tube wave borehole wall
Measuring the wave field received at monitoring well, fourth mode tube wave feature wave field is that described 3rd tube wave feature wave field accumulation is backward
Upper propagation, the tube wave wave field of the travel downward that turns back again after arriving pit shaft liquid level.
In one embodiment, computing module may include that perforation moment computing unit, may be used for calculating pre-detection and penetrates
The perforation moment of hole signal；Compressional wave first arrival time computing unit, may be used for the perforation moment according to pre-detection perforation signal, meter
Calculate the compressional wave first arrival time of pre-detection perforation signal；Shear wave first arrival time computing unit, may be used for believing according to pre-detection perforation
Number the perforation moment, calculate pre-detection perforation signal shear wave first arrival time.
In one embodiment, perforation moment computing unit specifically may be used for calculating pre-detection perforation according to below equation
The perforation moment of signal:
Ttw-To=(MDperf-MDrece)/Vtw+Dw/Vp
Wherein, TtwRepresent the time that the 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field arrives, ToRepresent penetrating of pre-detection perforation signal
The hole moment, MDperfRepresent fathoming of the 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field, MDreceRepresent the 3rd pattern tube wave characteristic wave
The geophone station vertical depth of field fathoming corresponding to fractured well position, VtwRepresent tube wave speed, DwRepresent monitoring well with
Level interval between fractured well, VpRepresent the velocity of longitudinal wave of the 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field.
In one embodiment, compressional wave first arrival time computing unit specifically may be used for calculating pre-detection according to below equation
The compressional wave first arrival time of perforation signal:
Tpi=To+Di/Vp
Wherein, TpiRepresent the compressional wave first arrival time of pre-detection perforation signal i-th geophone station, ToRepresent pre-detection perforation letter
Number the perforation moment, DiRepresent the perforating site air line distance to i-th geophone station of pre-detection perforation signal, VpRepresent preliminary examination
Survey the velocity of longitudinal wave on perforation signal correspondence stratum；
Shear wave first arrival time computing unit specifically may be used for calculating the shear wave of pre-detection perforation signal according to below equation
First arrival time:
Tsi=To+Di/Vs
Wherein, TsiRepresent the shear wave first arrival time of pre-detection perforation signal i-th geophone station, ToRepresent pre-detection perforation letter
Number the perforation moment, DiRepresent the perforating site air line distance to i-th geophone station of pre-detection perforation signal, VsRepresent preliminary examination
Survey the velocity of longitudinal wave on perforation signal correspondence stratum.
As can be seen from the above description, the embodiment of the present invention achieves following technique effect: detection fractured well is being penetrated
Whether wave field record during hole exists the tube wave feature wave field relevant to perforation and using the feature wave field that detects as in advance
Detection perforation signal, intercepts complete covering perforation moment, compressional wave first arrival time and shear wave first arrival from pre-detection perforation signal
One or more wavefield signals of time are as the perforation signal detected.The tube wave feature wave field produced when utilizing perforation
Linear character, can identify perforation signal and first arrival position accurately thereof rapidly and accurately, such that it is able to realize perforation record and
Effective differentiation of micro-seismic event.The method step is succinct, it is easy to implement, and detects quick and precisely, for improving perforation signal
Detection level finally to improve the positioning precision of micro-seismic event significant.
Obviously, those skilled in the art should be understood that each module of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention or each step are permissible
Realizing with general calculating device, they can concentrate on single calculating device, or is distributed in multiple calculating device
On the network formed, alternatively, they can realize with calculating the executable program code of device, it is thus possible to by it
Store and perform by calculating device in the storage device, and in some cases, can hold with the order being different from herein
Step shown or described by row, or they are fabricated to respectively each integrated circuit modules, or multiple by them
Module or step are fabricated to single integrated circuit module and realize.So, the embodiment of the present invention is not restricted to any specific hard
Part and software combine.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the embodiment of the present invention can have various modifications and variations.All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, made
Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the detection method of a perforation signal, it is characterised in that including:
Multiple wave fields that in acquisition work area, fractured well produces during pressure break, wherein, described wave field is to be received by multiple cymoscopes
The wave field record obtained；
Detect and whether the plurality of wave field exist the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation, if it is present will exist with
During one section of the tube wave feature wave field that perforation is relevant, the wave field record of window intercepts out as pre-detection perforation signal；
If it does not, described wave field record to be carried out TEC time error correction, and the wave field record after carrying out TEC time error correction is folded
Add, to obtain there is the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation；Wave field after superposition extracts the pit shaft relevant with perforation
Wave characteristic wave field, and when determining corresponding with the tube wave feature wave field extracted in described wave field record, before the superposition of window, wave field is believed
Number, using one or more wavefield signals of extracting as pre-detection perforation signal；
Calculate perforation moment, compressional wave first arrival time and the shear wave first arrival time of described pre-detection perforation signal；
Complete covering described perforation moment, described compressional wave first arrival time and described horizontal stroke is intercepted from described pre-detection perforation signal
One or more wavefield signals of ripple first arrival time, have ripple first arrival and well in length and breadth in the one or more wavefield signals that will intercept
The wavefield signals of tube wave feature wave field is as the perforation signal detected.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in the situation that described cymoscope is three-component reception cymoscope
Under, complete cover described perforation moment, described compressional wave first arrival time and described intercepting from described pre-detection perforation signal
After one or more wavefield signals of shear wave first arrival time are as the perforation signal detected, described method also includes:
The perforation signal detected described in determining is corresponding to the horizontal component azimuth of each geophone station in the plurality of cymoscope；
The first arrival position of the perforation signal detected described in pickup, is corrected the microseism rate pattern in described work area；
Micro-seismic event is positioned according to the rate pattern behind described horizontal component azimuth and correction, fracturing fracture is entered
Row is explained；
It is, in the case of simple component receives cymoscope, completely to cover intercepting from described pre-detection perforation signal at described cymoscope
Cover one or more wavefield signals of described perforation moment, described compressional wave first arrival time and described shear wave first arrival time as inspection
After the perforation signal measured, described method also includes:
The first arrival position of the perforation signal detected described in pickup, is corrected the microseism rate pattern in described work area；
Micro-seismic event is positioned according to the rate pattern after correction, fracturing fracture is explained.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described tube wave feature wave field includes: first mode tube wave
Feature wave field, the second pattern tube wave feature wave field, the 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field and fourth mode tube wave characteristic wave
, wherein, described first mode tube wave feature wave field is the longitudinal wave field that tube wave is changed out at pit shaft bridging plug, described the
Two modes tube wave feature wave field is the shear wave wave field that tube wave is changed out at pit shaft bridging plug, described 3rd pattern pit shaft baud
Levying wave field is the wave field that the fractured well tube wave borehole wall reveals that energy receives at monitoring well, described fourth mode tube wave characteristic wave
Field upwardly propagates after accumulating for described 3rd tube wave feature wave field, the tube wave of the travel downward that turns back again after arriving pit shaft liquid level
Wave field.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that calculate the perforation moment of described pre-detection perforation signal, compressional wave
First arrival time and shear wave first arrival time, including:
Calculate the perforation moment of described pre-detection perforation signal；
According to the perforation moment of described pre-detection perforation signal, calculate the compressional wave first arrival time of described pre-detection perforation signal；
According to the perforation moment of described pre-detection perforation signal, calculate the shear wave first arrival time of described pre-detection perforation signal.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that calculate penetrating of described pre-detection perforation signal according to below equation
The hole moment:
Ttw-To=(MDperf-MDrece)/Vtw+Dw/Vp
Wherein, TtwRepresent the time that described 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field arrives, ToRepresent described pre-detection perforation signal
The perforation moment, MDperfRepresent fathoming of described 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field, MDreceRepresent described 3rd pattern
The geophone station vertical depth of tube wave feature wave field fathoms corresponding to fractured well position, VtwRepresent tube wave speed, Dw
Represent the level interval between monitoring well and described fractured well, VpRepresent the compressional wave speed of described 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field
Degree.
6. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that:
Compressional wave first arrival time according to the below equation described pre-detection perforation signal of calculating:
Tpi=To+Di/Vp
Wherein, TpiRepresent the compressional wave first arrival time of described pre-detection perforation signal i-th geophone station, ToRepresent that described pre-detection is penetrated
The perforation moment of hole signal, DiRepresent the perforating site air line distance to i-th geophone station of described pre-detection perforation signal, Vp
Represent the velocity of longitudinal wave on described pre-detection perforation signal correspondence stratum；
And/or,
Shear wave first arrival time according to the below equation described pre-detection perforation signal of calculating:
Tsi=To+Di/Vs
Wherein, TsiRepresent the shear wave first arrival time of described pre-detection perforation signal i-th geophone station, ToRepresent that described pre-detection is penetrated
The perforation moment of hole signal, DiRepresent the perforating site air line distance to i-th geophone station of described pre-detection perforation signal, Vs
Represent the velocity of longitudinal wave on described pre-detection perforation signal correspondence stratum.
7. the detection device of a perforation signal, it is characterised in that including:
Acquisition module, multiple wave fields that fractured well produces during pressure break in obtaining work area, wherein, described wave field is by many
Individual cymoscope receives the wave field record obtained；
Detection module, for detecting whether there is the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation in the plurality of wave field, if deposited
, then when will there is the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation one section, the wave field record of window intercepts out and penetrates as pre-detection
Hole signal；
Select module, in the case of there is not the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation in multiple wave fields, to described
Wave field record carries out TEC time error correction, and is overlapped the wave field record after carrying out TEC time error correction, has with perforation to obtain existing
The tube wave feature wave field closed；Wave field after superposition extracts the tube wave feature wave field relevant with perforation, and determines described
In wave field record with extract tube wave feature wave field corresponding time window superposition before wavefield signals, one or more by extract
Wavefield signals is as pre-detection perforation signal；
Computing module, during for calculating perforation moment, compressional wave first arrival time and the shear wave first arrival of described pre-detection perforation signal
Between；
Determine module, for intercepting complete covering described perforation moment, described compressional wave first arrival from described pre-detection perforation signal
Time and one or more wavefield signals of described shear wave first arrival time, have in the one or more wavefield signals that will intercept
The wavefield signals of ripple first arrival and tube wave feature wave field is as the perforation signal detected in length and breadth.
8. device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that in the situation that described cymoscope is three-component reception cymoscope
Under, described three-component determines that module also includes:
Three-component azimuth determines unit, for when intercepting the described perforation of complete covering from described pre-detection perforation signal
One or more wavefield signals of quarter, described compressional wave first arrival time and described shear wave first arrival time are as the perforation letter detected
After number, determine described in the perforation signal that detects corresponding to the horizontal component orientation of each geophone station in the plurality of cymoscope
Angle；
Three-component velocity model correction unit, is used for the first arrival position of the perforation signal detected described in picking up, to described work area
Microseism rate pattern be corrected；
Three-component location Interpretation unit, the rate pattern after being used for according to described horizontal component azimuth and correction is to microseism thing
Part carries out positioning, explaining fracturing fracture；
It is that in the case of simple component receives cymoscope, described simple component determines that module also includes at described cymoscope:
Simple component velocity model corrections unit, for when intercepting the described perforation of complete covering from described pre-detection perforation signal
One or more wavefield signals of quarter, described compressional wave first arrival time and described shear wave first arrival time are as the perforation letter detected
After number, the first arrival position of the perforation signal detected described in pickup, the microseism rate pattern in described work area is corrected；
Simple component location Interpretation unit, for positioning micro-seismic event according to the rate pattern after correction, split pressure break
Seam explains.
9. device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that described tube wave feature wave field includes: first mode tube wave
Feature wave field, the second pattern tube wave feature wave field, the 3rd pattern tube wave feature wave field and fourth mode tube wave characteristic wave
, wherein, described first mode tube wave feature wave field is the longitudinal wave field that tube wave is changed out at pit shaft bridging plug, described the
Two modes tube wave feature wave field is the shear wave wave field that tube wave is changed out at pit shaft bridging plug, described 3rd pattern pit shaft baud
Levying wave field is the wave field that the fractured well tube wave borehole wall reveals that energy receives at monitoring well, described fourth mode tube wave characteristic wave
Field upwardly propagates after accumulating for described 3rd tube wave feature wave field, the tube wave of the travel downward that turns back again after arriving pit shaft liquid level
Wave field.
10. device as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that described computing module includes:
Perforation moment computing unit, for calculating the perforation moment of described pre-detection perforation signal；
Compressional wave first arrival time computing unit, for the perforation moment according to described pre-detection perforation signal, calculates described pre-detection
The compressional wave first arrival time of perforation signal；
Shear wave first arrival time computing unit, for the perforation moment according to described pre-detection perforation signal, calculates described pre-detection
The shear wave first arrival time of perforation signal.
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