A kind of shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method
Technical field
The present invention relates to increasing yield of oil and natural gas technical field, in particular to a kind of shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method.
Background technology
Micro-seismic monitoring is a kind of technological method utilizing the monitoring microearthquake distribution of high frequency seismograph, is in geophysics important research direction. This technology is by the distribution of monitoring microearthquake, and then explains orientation, the form in crack, reaches the object evaluated fracturing effect and instruct pressing crack construction. Micro-seismic monitoring to the optimization design of pressing crack construction, the rational deployment of whole development, the correct layout of injection well pattern, and the high-efficiency mining of hypotonic oil-gas field hydrocarbon resources is had extremely important directive significance. The main task of micro-seismic monitoring utilizes the slight earthquake ripple of monitoring system registers being distributed in earth's surface or well, it is determined that the source location of microearthquake, the origin time of earthquake and source strength.
The common practice of current shale gas platform well borehole microseismic fracture monitoring technique continues to use conventional sandstone reservoir down-hole microseismic, and this kind of technology exists certain drawback, and concrete manifestation is in following several:
1) conventional micro-seismic monitoring does not form the monitor well for shale gas platform well and selects well technology, causes monitor well to select well random big, affects monitoring quality.
2) domestic existing wave-detector sample frequency lower (sample frequency is 2KHz), low for shale gas platform well monitoring accuracy; For the communication barrier occurred in platform well fracturing process or the geologic anomaly situation such as natural fracture, cover leakage, cannot in real time, accurately portray fracturing fracture form, and Real-Time Monitoring pit shaft integrity.
3) feature such as microearthquake has that energy is weak, frequency height, time length are short, it is easy to by surrounding influence of noise. Wave-detector receives background noise interference and can judge to impact to real rock burst focus, and conventional microseismic does not have a good solution for background noise.
Summary of the invention
In order to micro-seismic monitoring under solving conventional well is not strong to shale gas platform well specific aim, monitoring accuracy is lower, for the abnormal conditions occurred in platform well fracturing process, cannot in real time, accurately portray fracturing fracture form, and it is subject to the problems such as ground unrest impact, the present invention provides a kind of shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method, and described method comprises:
Maximumization monitoring range according to shale gas platform well, all fractured wells need in the monitoring range of monitor well;
Instrument deployed position cementing quality is good, avoids the well section of cementing quality difference; Get rid of noise source, avoid same platform, fractured well to cause inter-well interference with falling liquid level; Individual well monitoring can be carried out, it is possible to monitor many mouthfuls of fractured wells simultaneously;
Described monitor well liquid level is down to the following preset value in ground, and high sampling rate wave-detector is set in the straight well section of described monitor well;
Logging trace is utilized to set up initial velocity model;
According to perforation event or primacord fuse initial velocity model calibrated and optimize, and described high sampling rate wave-detector is carried out orientation correction;
Original microearthquake signal is carried out the pre-treatment such as rotation of horizontal component and filtering;
According to the microseismograms that described high sampling rate wave-detector receives, utilize the described initial velocity model after calibration and optimization, calculate and display micro-seismic event information.
Described fractured well monitoring method is shale gas horizontal well platform well monitoring method.
Described high sampling rate wave-detector is three-component seismometer, and the sampling rate of described three-component seismometer is 4KHz.
The described method utilizing logging trace to set up initial velocity model is the methods such as the assorted conversion of middle value filtering or Wal.
Initial velocity model is calibrated by the described record according to perforation event or primacord fuse event and the method optimized is: set up perforation or primacord fuse actual walk time with theoretical walk time objective function, realize the iteration to existing initial velocity model upgrade by solving its minimum value.
Described high sampling rate wave-detector is carried out the method for orientation correction by the described record according to perforation event or primacord fuse event: determine wave-detector deflection angle by three component seismic data is carried out polarization analysis.
The described pretreated object such as rotation of horizontal component and filtering that carried out by original microearthquake signal is to strengthen original signal first arrival continuity and press portion ground unrest.
The described microseismograms received according to described high sampling rate wave-detector, utilizes the described initial velocity model after calibration and optimization, and the step of calculating and display micro-seismic event information specifically comprises:
According to the signal to noise ratio of micro-seismic event that described high sampling rate wave-detector receives, the first break time that when utilizing length, window carries out compressional wave (P ripple) and shear wave (S ripple) than method (STA/LTA) is picked up automatically;
The velocity of propagation of first arrival according to described ripple in length and breadth and in length and breadth ripple, calculates and the generation position of micro-seismic event in display fracturing process.
During described length, window is drawn by following formulae discovery than method (STA/LTA):
Wherein, R is energy ratio between the long window and the short window value, l1,l2Be respectively setting window in short-term and long time window, generally get l2=10l1, w (j) is wave-shape amplitude value corresponding to moment j, when the moment that R value is undergone mutation, it will be recognized that be the first break time of compressional wave or shear wave.
The generation position of described micro-seismic event is drawn by following formulae discovery:
[(xpi-xqk)2+(ypi-yqk)2+(zpi-zqk)2]1/2=�� Tki��vp��vs/(vp-vs)
Wherein, (xpi,ypi,zpi) it is the volume coordinate of described monitoring well geophone i, (xqk,yqk,zqk) it is the generation position coordinate of micro-seismic event, �� TkiFor ripple in length and breadth walks the time difference, v to wave-detector ip,vsIt is respectively the velocity of propagation of longitudinal and transverse ripple.
Shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method provided by the invention, by preferred monitor well and the three-component seismometer rationally arranging high sampling rate, and in conjunction with the initial velocity model that logging trace is set up, greatly increase the precision of shale gas platform well micro-seismic monitoring, especially for the communication barrier occurred in platform well fracturing process or natural fracture, cover leakage waits geologic anomaly situation, fracturing fracture form is carried out in real time, accurately portray, Real-Time Monitoring pit shaft integrity, in time for on-the-spot fracturing engineering teacher proposes reasonable proposal, and pressing crack construction recruitment evaluation can be provided.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method flow diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 2 is the shale gas platform well micro-seismic monitoring schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, technical solution of the present invention is further described.
See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, embodiments providing a kind of shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method, the method comprises the steps:
Step 101: according to factors such as the maximumization monitoring range of shale gas platform well, instrument deployed position cementing quality, background noise and practice of construction demands, select monitor well in shale gas platform well.
Maximumization monitoring range according to shale gas platform well, in platform, fractured well need in monitoring range; Instrument deployed position need to avoid the position of cementing quality difference; Get rid of noise source, avoid same platform, fractured well to cause inter-well interference with falling liquid level. Shale gas platform well optimizes monitor well, to realize micro-seismic event monitoring by this monitor well, ensures the accuracy of monitoring result. Individual well monitoring can be carried out, it is possible to monitor many mouthfuls of fractured wells simultaneously.
Step 102: adopt gaslift mode that monitor well liquid level is down to 300 meters, below ground.
Owing to fractured well and monitor well are in same job platform, therefore in fracturing process, pump truck can bring very big background noise impact to well seismometer. In order to reduce the impact of background noise, gaslift mode can be adopted to reduce monitor well liquid level, can effectively reduce noise when micro-seismic event is monitored like this, thus reduce background noise to the impact of micro-seismic event monitoring result.
Step 103: the straight well section at monitor well arranges high sampling rate wave-detector.
The high sampling rate wave-detector of the present embodiment is three-component seismometer. The sampling rate of three-component seismometer is 4KHz, and bandwidth is 0-1660Hz, and its sampling precision compared to conventional wave-detector (2KHz) high 2-3 doubly, can improve the positioning precision of micro-seismic event so greatly.
Step 104: utilize logging trace to set up initial velocity model.
Existing logging trace is utilized to extract the initial interval velocity model obtaining stratum media. Specific implementation method is the methods such as the assorted conversion of middle value filtering or Wal.
Step 105: utilize perforation event or primacord fuse initial velocity model to be calibrated, and high sampling rate wave-detector is carried out orientation correction.
When carrying out speed calibration, normally determined the medium velocity of this pressure break section by the perforation information of staged fracturing. First set up perforation or primacord fuse actual walk time with theoretical walk time objective function, then realize the iteration to existing initial velocity model upgrade by solving its minimum value. Owing to the perforation distance high sampling rate wave-detector of some pressure break section of shale gas platform fractured well is far away, it is thus desirable to first determine whether high sampling rate wave-detector can monitor perforation event, if monitor less than, then should locating wave-detector at this fractured well straight well section detonation primacord fuse, primacord fuse medicine amount should not be less than 200 grams. Error between the micro-seismic event position that medium velocity after use correction calculates and the micro-seismic event position of reality is less than 5 meters, meets the monitoring accuracy requirement of micro-seismic event. In addition, well geophone decentralization process may occurring, wave-detector level orientation rotates, cause wave-detector level orientation and the inconsistent situation of pre-configured orientation, it is thus desirable to carry out the correction of well seismometer orientation. The method that three component seismic data carries out polarization analysis is generally adopted to determine wave-detector deflection angle.
Step 106: original microearthquake signal is carried out the pre-treatment such as rotation of horizontal component and filtering.
Result is corrected according to high sampling rate geophone orientation, the original microseismograms of horizontal component that it receives is carried out rotation of horizontal component, the rotation of horizontal component that each wave-detector is observed to consistent coordinate system, to improve the first arrival continuity of waveform, it is to increase follow-up first break pickup precision. Spectrum signature according to original microseismograms, carries out corresponding filtering process to it, with the interference of press portion ground unrest.
Step 107: the microseismograms received according to high sampling rate three-component seismometer, utilizes the initial velocity model after calibration and optimization, calculates the generation position of micro-seismic event in fracturing process, and show micro-seismic event information.
According to the signal to noise ratio of micro-seismic event that high sampling rate wave-detector receives, the first break time that when utilizing length, window carries out compressional wave (P ripple) and shear wave (S ripple) than method (STA/LTA) is picked up automatically; Specifically, during length, window is drawn by following formulae discovery than method (STA/LTA):
Wherein, R is energy ratio between the long window and the short window value, l1,l2Be respectively setting window in short-term and long time window, generally get l2=10l1, w (j) is wave-shape amplitude value corresponding to moment j, when the moment that R value is undergone mutation, it will be recognized that be the first break time of compressional wave or shear wave.
The velocity of propagation of first arrival according to ripple in length and breadth and in length and breadth ripple, calculates the generation position of micro-seismic event in fracturing process. Specifically, the generation position of micro-seismic event is drawn by following formulae discovery:
[(xpi-xqk)2+(ypi-yqk)2+(zpi-zqk)2]1/2=�� Tki��vp��vs/(vp-vs)
Wherein, wherein, (xpi,ypi,zpi) it is the volume coordinate (known) of described monitoring well geophone i, (xqk,yqk,zqk) it is the generation position coordinate of micro-seismic event, �� TkiFor ripple in length and breadth walks the time difference, v to wave-detector ip,vsIt is respectively the velocity of propagation of longitudinal and transverse ripple.
On-the-spot at pressing crack construction, micro-seismic event can be screened, process and explain by geophysical project teacher in real time, to adjust fracturing technology controling parameters in time; In addition, by manual type, micro-seismic event is explained, it is possible to prevent background noise event to the misleading instructing pressing crack construction.
The shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method that the embodiment of the present invention provides, by preferred monitor well and the three-component seismometer rationally arranging high sampling rate, and the speed model combining correction and optimizing, greatly increase the precision of shale gas platform well micro-seismic monitoring, especially for the communication barrier occurred in platform well fracturing process or natural fracture, cover leakage waits geologic anomaly situation, pressure-break form is carried out in real time, accurately portray, Real-Time Monitoring pit shaft integrity, in time for on-the-spot fracturing engineering teacher proposes reasonable proposal, and pressing crack construction recruitment evaluation can be provided. the embodiment of the present invention provide shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method, Changning, Sichuan area successful Application 2 platforms, obtain good effect, it is achieved that to shale gas platform well with pressure Real-Time Monitoring.
Above-described specific embodiment; the object of the present invention, technical scheme and useful effect have been further described; it is it should be understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; it is not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment of making, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.