CN105629295B - A kind of shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method - Google Patents
A kind of shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
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- G01V1/01—
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/288—Event detection in seismic signals, e.g. microseismics
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring methods, belong to increasing yield of oil and natural gas technical field.The described method includes: selecting monitoring well according to the maximization monitoring range of shale gas platform well, instrument deployed position cementing quality, background noise and practice of construction demand；Monitoring well liquid level is down to below ground preset value；In the straight well section of monitoring well, high sampling rate wave detector is set；Initial velocity model is established using log；Initial velocity model is calibrated and optimized according to perforation event or primacord, and directional correction is carried out to high sampling rate wave detector；The pretreatment such as rotation of horizontal component and filtering is carried out to original microseism signal；According to the received microseismograms of high sampling rate wave detector, using the initial velocity model after calibration and optimization, micro-seismic event information is calculated and shown.Present invention greatly improves the precision of shale gas platform well micro-seismic monitoring, can propose reasonable proposal in time for live fracturing engineering teacher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to increasing yield of oil and natural gas technical field, in particular to a kind of shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring
Method.
Background technique
Micro-seismic monitoring is using a kind of technical method of high-frequency seism instrument monitoring microseism distribution, is in geophysics
An important research direction.The technology explains orientation, the form in crack by monitoring the distribution of microseism, reaches and comments
Valence fracturing effect and the purpose for instructing pressing crack construction.Micro-seismic monitoring to the optimization design of pressing crack construction, whole development it is reasonable
Layout, the correct arrangement of injection pattern, and there is very important guidance to the high-efficiency mining of hypotonic oil gas field petroleum resources
Meaning.The main task of micro-seismic monitoring is using the faintly seismic wave for the monitoring system registers being distributed in earth's surface or well, really
Determine hypocentral location, the origin time of earthquake and the source level of microseism.
The common practice of shale gas platform well borehole microseismic fracture monitoring technique is the sandstone reservoir well that follows conventional lines at present
Lower microseismic, this technology are in particular in following aspects there are certain drawbacks:
1) conventional micro-seismic monitoring does not form the monitoring well for shale gas platform well and selects well technology, and monitoring well is caused to be selected
Arbitrariness is also big for well, influences to monitor quality.
2) domestic existing wave detector sample frequency is lower (sample frequency 2KHz), and essence is monitored for shale gas platform well
It spends low；For the communication barrier or intrinsic fracture occurred in platform well fracturing process, cover the geologic anomalies situations such as leakage, Wu Fashi
When, accurately portray fracturing fracture form, and real-time monitoring wellbore integrity.
3) microseism has the characteristics that energy is weak, frequency is high, the duration is short, is easy to be influenced by ambient noise.Wave detector
Receiving background noise interference can determine impact to true rock rupture focus, and conventional microseismic for
None preferable solution of background noise.
Summary of the invention
Not strong to shale gas platform well specific aim in order to solve micro-seismic monitoring under conventional well, monitoring accuracy is lower, for
The abnormal conditions occurred in platform well fracturing process can not portray fracturing fracture form precisely in real time, and make an uproar vulnerable to background
The problems such as sound shadow is rung, the present invention provides a kind of shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring methods, which comprises
According to the maximization monitoring range of shale gas platform well, all fractured wells need to be in the monitoring range of monitoring well；
Instrument deployed position cementing quality is good, avoids the well section of cementing quality difference；Noise source is excluded, same to platform, pressure are avoided
It splits well and causes inter-well interference with descending liquid face；Individual well monitoring can be carried out, more mouthfuls of fractured wells can also be monitored simultaneously；
The monitoring well liquid level is down to 300 meters of below ground using lift mode, and in the straight well section of the monitoring well
High sampling rate wave detector is set；The high sampling rate wave detector is three-component geophone, the sample rate of the three-component geophone
For 4KHz；
Initial velocity model is established using log；
The initial velocity model is calibrated and optimized according to perforation event or primacord, establishes perforation or primacord
When actually walking with it is theoretical walk when objective function, realized to the iteration of existing initial velocity model more by solving its minimum value
Newly；Due to shale gas platform fractured well certain pressure break sections perforation apart from the high sampling rate wave detector farther out, need elder generation
Determine whether the high sampling rate wave detector can monitor perforation event, if monitoring is less than should be in the fractured well straight well
Section detonation primacord positions the high sampling rate wave detector, and primacord dose is no less than 200 grams；And to the high sampling rate
Wave detector carries out directional correction；
Rotation of horizontal component and filter preprocessing are carried out to original microseism signal, specifically included: according to the high sampling
The correction of rate geophone orientation is as a result, carry out rotation of horizontal component to its received original microseismograms of horizontal component, by each inspection
The rotation of horizontal component of wave device observation improves subsequent first arrival and picks up to consistent coordinate system to improve the first arrival continuity of waveform
Take precision；According to the spectrum signature of original microseismograms, it is filtered accordingly, with press portion ambient noise
Interference；
According to the received microseismograms of high sampling rate wave detector, the initial velocity after calibration and optimization is utilized
Model calculates and shows micro-seismic event information.
The fractured well monitoring method is shale gas horizontal well platform well monitoring method.
The method for establishing initial velocity model using log is median filtering or Walsh transform method.
It is described that directional correction is carried out to the high sampling rate wave detector according to the record of perforation event or primacord event
Method are as follows: determine wave detector deflection angle by carrying out polarization analysis to three component seismic data.
It is described to original microseism signal carry out rotation of horizontal component and filtering etc. pretreated purpose be to enhance it is original
Signal first arrival continuity and press portion ambient noise.
It is described according to the received microseismograms of high sampling rate wave detector, using described initial after calibration and optimization
Rate pattern is calculated and is specifically included the step of showing micro-seismic event information:
According to the signal-to-noise ratio of the received micro-seismic event of high sampling rate wave detector, using long short time-window than method (STA/
LTA the first arrival time automatic Picking of longitudinal wave (P wave) and shear wave (S wave)) is carried out；
According to the spread speed of the first arrival of the longitudinal and shear wave and longitudinal and shear wave, micro-seismic event in fracturing process is calculated and shown
Generation position.
The long short time-window is calculated than method (STA/LTA) by following formula:
Wherein, R is energy ratio between the long window and the short window value, l1,l2The short time-window that is respectively arranged and it is long when window, generally take l2=
10l1, w (j) is the corresponding wave-shape amplitude value of moment j, at the time of R value mutates, it is believed that be the first arrival of longitudinal wave or shear wave
Time.
The generation position of the micro-seismic event is calculated by following formula:
[(xpi-xqk)2+(ypi-yqk)2+(zpi-zqk)2]1/2=Δ Tki×vp×vs/(vp-vs)
Wherein, (xpi,ypi,zpi) it is the space coordinate for monitoring borehole geophone i, (xqk,yqk,zqk) it is microseism thing
The generation position coordinates of part, Δ TkiFor longitudinal and shear wave to the travel-time difference of wave detector i, vp,vsThe respectively spread speed of P-wave And S.
Shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method provided by the invention by preferred monitoring well and is rationally arranged height and adopts
The three-component geophone of sample rate, and the initial velocity model for combining log to establish, greatly increase shale gas platform well
The precision of micro-seismic monitoring particular for the communication barrier or intrinsic fracture occurred in platform well fracturing process, covers the geology such as leakage
Abnormal conditions portray fracturing fracture form precisely in real time, real-time monitoring wellbore integrity, are in time live pressure break
Engineer proposes reasonable proposal, and can provide pressing crack construction recruitment evaluation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method flow diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is shale gas platform well micro-seismic monitoring schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, technical solution of the present invention is further described.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method, the party
Method includes the following steps:
Step 101: being made an uproar according to the maximization monitoring range of shale gas platform well, instrument deployed position cementing quality, background
The factors such as sound and practice of construction demand select monitoring well in shale gas platform well.
According to the maximization monitoring range of shale gas platform well, fractured well need to be in monitoring range in platform；Instrument deployment
Position need to avoid the position of cementing quality difference；Noise source is excluded, same to platform, fractured well is avoided to cause inter-well interference with descending liquid face.
Preferably go out monitoring well in shale gas platform well, realizes micro-seismic event monitoring will pass through the monitoring well, guarantee monitoring result
Accuracy.Individual well monitoring can be carried out, more mouthfuls of fractured wells can also be monitored simultaneously.
Step 102: monitoring well liquid level being down to 300 meters of below ground using lift mode.
Since fractured well and monitoring well are in the same job platform, pump truck can give well geophone in fracturing process
Bring very big background noise effects.In order to reduce the influence of background noise, lift mode, which can be used, reduces monitoring well liquid level, this
Noise when micro-seismic event monitoring can be effectively reduced in sample, to reduce background noise to the shadow of micro-seismic event monitoring result
It rings.
Step 103: in the straight well section of monitoring well, high sampling rate wave detector is set.
The high sampling rate wave detector of the present embodiment is three-component geophone.The sample rate of three-component geophone is 4KHz, band
Width is 0-1660Hz, and sampling precision is 2-3 times high compared to conventional wave detector (2KHz), can greatly improve microseism thing in this way
The positioning accuracy of part.
Step 104: establishing initial velocity model using log.
It extracts to obtain the initial interval velocity model of stratum media using existing log.Specific implementation method is intermediate value
The methods of filtering or Walsh transformation.
Step 105: initial velocity model being calibrated using perforation event or primacord, and to high sampling rate wave detector
Carry out directional correction.
When carrying out speed calibration, the medium speed of the pressure break section is usually determined by the perforation information of staged fracturing
Degree.Objective function when walking when actually walking with theory of perforation or primacord is initially set up, it is then real by solving its minimum value
Now the iteration of existing initial velocity model is updated.Since the perforation distance of certain pressure break sections of shale gas platform fractured well is high
Sample rate wave detector is farther out, it is therefore desirable to first determine whether high sampling rate wave detector can monitor perforation event, if monitoring
Less than then wave detector should be positioned in the fractured well straight well section detonation primacord, primacord dose is no less than 200 grams.It uses
The calculated micro-seismic event position of medium velocity after correction and the error between actual micro-seismic event position are less than 5
Rice, meets the monitoring accuracy requirement of micro-seismic event.In addition, it is possible that wave detector is horizontal in borehole geophone decentralization process
Orientation rotation leads to wave detector level orientation and the inconsistent situation of pre-configured orientation, it is therefore desirable to carry out well geophone orientation
Correction.It is general that wave detector deflection angle is determined using the method for carrying out polarization analysis to three component seismic data.
Step 106: the pretreatment such as rotation of horizontal component and filtering is carried out to original microseism signal.
It is corrected according to high sampling rate geophone orientation as a result, carrying out water to its received original microseismograms of horizontal component
The amount of dividing equally rotation, the rotation of horizontal component that each wave detector is observed to consistent coordinate system are continuous with the first arrival for improving waveform
Property, improve subsequent first break pickup precision.According to the spectrum signature of original microseismograms, it is filtered accordingly,
With the interference of press portion ambient noise.
Step 107: according to the received microseismograms of high sampling rate three-component geophone, at the beginning of after calibration and optimization
Beginning rate pattern, calculates the generation position of micro-seismic event in fracturing process, and shows micro-seismic event information.
According to the signal-to-noise ratio of the received micro-seismic event of high sampling rate wave detector, using long short time-window than method (STA/LTA)
Carry out the first arrival time automatic Picking of longitudinal wave (P wave) and shear wave (S wave)；Specifically, under long short time-window passes through than method (STA/LTA)
Formula is stated to be calculated:
Wherein, R is energy ratio between the long window and the short window value, l1,l2The short time-window that is respectively arranged and it is long when window, generally take l2=
10l1, w (j) is the corresponding wave-shape amplitude value of moment j, at the time of R value mutates, it is believed that be the first arrival of longitudinal wave or shear wave
Time.
According to the spread speed of the first arrival of longitudinal and shear wave and longitudinal and shear wave, the generation position of micro-seismic event in fracturing process is calculated
It sets.Specifically, the generation position of micro-seismic event is calculated by following formula:
[(xpi-xqk)2+(ypi-yqk)2+(zpi-zqk)2]1/2=Δ Tki×vp×vs/(vp-vs)
Wherein, wherein (xpi,ypi,zpi) it is the space coordinate (known) for monitoring borehole geophone i, (xqk,yqk,
zqk) be micro-seismic event generation position coordinates, Δ TkiFor longitudinal and shear wave to the travel-time difference of wave detector i, vp,vsIt is respectively longitudinal and transverse
The spread speed of wave.
At pressing crack construction scene, geophysical project teacher can in real time screen micro-seismic event, handled and be explained, with
Just fracturing technology control parameter is adjusted in time；In addition, explaining by manual type to micro-seismic event, background can be prevented
Misleading of the noise event to pressing crack construction is instructed.
Shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is set by preferred monitoring well and rationally
The three-component geophone of high sampling rate is set, and combines the rate pattern of correction and optimization, greatly increases shale gas platform well
The precision of micro-seismic monitoring particular for the communication barrier or intrinsic fracture occurred in platform well fracturing process, covers the geology such as leakage
Abnormal conditions portray pressure-break form precisely in real time, real-time monitoring wellbore integrity, are in time live pressure break work
Cheng Shi proposes reasonable proposal, and can provide pressing crack construction recruitment evaluation.Shale gas volume fracturing provided in an embodiment of the present invention is micro-
Seismic monitoring method is applied successfully 2 platforms in Sichuan Changning area, obtains good application effect, realize pair
Shale gas platform well with pressure real-time monitoring.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It describes in detail bright, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, it is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in guarantor of the invention
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
According to the maximization monitoring range of shale gas platform well, all fractured wells need to be in the monitoring range of monitoring well；
Instrument deployed position cementing quality is good, avoids the well section of cementing quality difference；Noise source is excluded, same to platform, fractured well are avoided
Cause inter-well interference with descending liquid face；Individual well monitoring can be carried out, more mouthfuls of fractured wells can also be monitored simultaneously；
The monitoring well liquid level is down to 300 meters of below ground using lift mode, and is arranged in the straight well section of the monitoring well
High sampling rate wave detector；The high sampling rate wave detector is three-component geophone, and the sample rate of the three-component geophone is
4KHz；
Initial velocity model is established using log；
The initial velocity model is calibrated and optimized according to perforation event or primacord, establishes the reality of perforation or primacord
Objective function when walking when border is walked with theory updates the iteration of existing initial velocity model by solving its minimum value and realizing；
Due to shale gas platform fractured well certain pressure break sections perforation apart from the high sampling rate wave detector farther out, need first to determine
Whether the high sampling rate wave detector can monitor perforation event, if monitoring is less than should be quick-fried in the fractured well straight well section
Primacord is fired to position the high sampling rate wave detector, and primacord dose is no less than 200 grams；And to the high sampling rate detection
Device carries out directional correction；
Rotation of horizontal component and filter preprocessing are carried out to original microseism signal, specifically included: being examined according to the high sampling rate
Wave device directional correction is as a result, carry out rotation of horizontal component to its received original microseismograms of horizontal component, by each wave detector
The rotation of horizontal component of observation is to consistent coordinate system, to improve the first arrival continuity of waveform, improves subsequent first break pickup essence
Degree；According to the spectrum signature of original microseismograms, it is filtered accordingly, with the dry of press portion ambient noise
It disturbs；
According to the received microseismograms of high sampling rate wave detector, the initial velocity mould after calibration and optimization is utilized
Type calculates and shows micro-seismic event information.
2. shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the fractured well prison
Survey method is shale gas horizontal well platform well monitoring method.
3. shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described bent using well logging
The method that line establishes initial velocity model is median filtering or Walsh transform method.
4. shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described according to perforation thing
The method that part or the record of primacord event carry out directional correction to the high sampling rate wave detector are as follows: by three component seismic data
Polarization analysis is carried out to determine wave detector deflection angle.
5. shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is described to it is original micro-ly
Shake signal carries out rotation of horizontal component and the purpose of filter preprocessing is to enhance original signal first arrival continuity and press portion
Ambient noise.
6. shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described according to the height
The received microseismograms of sample rate wave detector is calculated and is shown and is micro- using the initial velocity model after calibration and optimization
The step of seismic events information, specifically includes:
According to the signal-to-noise ratio of the received micro-seismic event of high sampling rate wave detector, using long short time-window than method (STA/LTA)
Carry out the first arrival time automatic Picking of longitudinal wave (P wave) and shear wave (S wave)；
According to the spread speed of the first arrival of the longitudinal and shear wave and longitudinal and shear wave, the hair of micro-seismic event in fracturing process is calculated and shown
Raw position.
7. shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the long short time-window ratio
Method (STA/LTA) is calculated by following formula:
Wherein, R is energy ratio between the long window and the short window value, l1,l2The short time-window that is respectively arranged and it is long when window, generally take l2=10l1, w
It (j) is the corresponding wave-shape amplitude value of moment j, at the time of R value mutates, it is believed that be the first arrival time of longitudinal wave or shear wave.
8. shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the micro-seismic event
Generation position be calculated by following formula:
[(xpi-xqk)2+(ypi-yqk)2+(zpi-zqk)2]1/2=Δ Tki×vp×vs/(vp-vs)
Wherein, (xpi,ypi,zpi) it is the space coordinate for monitoring borehole geophone i, (xqk,yqk,zqk) it is micro-seismic event
Position coordinates, Δ T occurskiFor longitudinal and shear wave to the travel-time difference of wave detector i, vp,vsThe respectively spread speed of P-wave And S.
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| CN111751885A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-10-09 | 重庆地质矿产研究院 | Shale gas volume fracturing micro-seismic monitoring method |
| CN112379441A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-19 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for calculating background noise of hydraulic fracturing microseism monitoring data |
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