CN106149414A - 离子液体碳纳米导电溶液及远红外辐射发热材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
离子液体碳纳米导电溶液及远红外辐射发热材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106149414A CN106149414A CN201610522872.3A CN201610522872A CN106149414A CN 106149414 A CN106149414 A CN 106149414A CN 201610522872 A CN201610522872 A CN 201610522872A CN 106149414 A CN106149414 A CN 106149414A
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- conductive
- ionic liquid
- silk
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- carbon
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种离子液体为分散剂、水为溶剂、碳纳米材料为导电物质制备碳纳米导电溶液的方法,及利用该导电液制备离子液体碳纳米导电纤维和导电布的方法。纤维线/丝经导电液涂覆烘干后制备出离子液体碳纳米导电纤维线/丝,该导电纤维线/丝可应用于医疗器械、医药烘干成型行业、电子器材、航空航天材料、化工保温带、发热线缆、远红外发热毯/发热垫、电热壁画、可发热服装等领域。本发明解决了传统有机溶剂及分散剂对环境的污染问题,属于绿色、节能、环保型碳纳米导电材料制备技术。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于碳纳米远红外辐射发热材料领域,具体涉及离子液体碳纳米导电溶液的制备方法,以及利用上述导电液制备远红外辐射导电纤维及其应用技术。
背景技术:
碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs),是一种具有准一维晶体结构的新型碳材料,具有许多完全不同于常规碳材料的优异性能,如长径比高、重量轻、强度高、耐高温、耐腐蚀、传热和导电性好,在储氢材料、高分子复合材料、扫描隧道显微镜探针、超级电容器材料、纳米电子器件、化学修饰电极等领域有着重要的作用;石墨烯(Graphene)是由碳原子组成的只有一层原子厚度的二维晶体,在2015年末硼烯被发现之前,石墨烯是公认的最薄、强度最高、导电导热性能最强的一种新型纳米材料;纳米超导炭黑因粒径小,比表面积大且粗糙,表面洁净(化合物少)等优点,在导电和防静电材料中发挥着重要的作用。因此,碳纳米管、石墨烯及纳米超导炭黑在制备导电/防静电及高强度的材料领域具有广泛的应用前景。但由于CNTs、石墨烯及超导炭黑具有疏水性,在水及大部分的溶剂中无法较好的分散,在某种程度上限制了其使用。解决CNTs、石墨烯及超导炭黑在反应液中的分散问题,将对其优异性能的发挥有极大的促进作用。
碳纳米材料的常用溶剂和分散剂为传统有机物,易挥发对环境污染严重。离子液体(ionic liquids,ILs),因不易挥发、不易燃、良好的溶解性能、极性可调、较高的热稳定性和化学稳定性、电导率高、电化学窗口宽、可回收、对环境基本无污染等特性,在作为分散剂分散碳纳米管、石墨烯及纳米超导炭黑较有机分散剂有明显的优势,尤其可以通过设计离子液体的结构和官能团来调节离子液体的极性,实现对碳纳米材料的高效分散,因此,离子液体是有望替代传统有机分散剂的绿色溶剂。
基于以上研究现状,本发明以羟基化/羧基化改性单壁或多壁碳纳米管分散液和/或羟基化/羧基化改性单层或多层石墨烯分散液和/或纳米超导炭黑为导电材料,水性树脂为黏合剂,水为溶剂,含有功能化基团羟基、醚基、酯基、羧基、磺酸基等的离子液体为分散剂,添加适量的润湿剂、渗透剂、消泡剂制备离子液体碳纳米导电溶液,并将该导电溶液应用于柔性纤维线或丝以制备具有电热功能的导电纤维/丝。其优势在于该碳纳米导电溶液以水为溶剂,功能化离子液体为分散剂,代替了易挥发且污染环境的传统有机溶剂及有机分散剂,对环境基本无污染;同时亦可有效解决碳纳米管、石墨烯及纳米超导炭黑与树脂复合时易出现团聚的问题,是环保型的绿色制备过程;另外,使用该碳纳米导电溶液制备的离子液体碳纳米导电纤维线/丝制备的碳纳米导电布,通电后,可激发离子液体碳纳米导电纤维线/丝本身发射远红外线而产生辐射热,进一步拓宽了导电材料在军工、工业及农业等领域的应用范围。因而本发明具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是研制一种离子液体为分散剂、水为溶剂的节能环保型碳纳米导电溶液及使用该导电液制备远红外辐射电热线,开发了一种耐磨损、发热速度快、发热温度均匀、不易老化的离子液体碳纳米导电溶液的制备方法。该技术解决了传统有机分散剂及溶剂易挥发、污染环境及碳纳米管、石墨烯和纳米超导炭黑在水性介质中易团聚的问题。
为了实现上述目的,一方面,本发明提供了一种以离子液体为分散剂的碳纳米导电溶液的制备方法及应用技术,其中,详述了该导电溶液所用各组分及碳纳米导电溶液的制备方法。
所述导电纳米分散液中的碳纳米管优选为羟基或羧基化改性的多壁或单壁碳纳米管,分散液中碳纳米管的质量百分数可选范围在3%-10%;石墨烯分散液中的导电微粒为羟基或羧基化改性的多层或单层石墨烯,其质量分数为10%-15%;所述纳米超导炭黑直径为20-100nm。
所述水性树脂,选自单组份水性聚氨酯、单组份水性丙烯酸树脂、双组份水性环氧树脂及具有导电功能的水性树脂中的一种或两种及两种以上的组合。
所述润湿剂,选自有机硅类润湿剂和聚合物类润湿剂中的一种或两种混合物。
所述消泡剂,选自有机硅类、聚醚类及脂肪醇类消泡剂中的一种或两种以上混合物。
所述渗透剂,优选自非离子型、阴离子型、复配型渗透剂中的一种或两种以上混合物。
所述离子液体主要为二取代咪唑盐类、三取代咪唑盐类、苯并咪唑盐类、一取代吡啶盐类、二取代吡啶盐类、吡咯烷盐类、吗啉盐类、哌啶盐类、DBN盐类、二取代吡咯烷酮类、质子化己内酰胺类、吡咯啉类、喹啉类、噻唑啉类、胍盐类、氮杂环类、季铵盐类、季膦盐类离子液体。主要包括:1-R2-3-R1咪唑氯盐,1-R2-3-R1咪唑溴盐,1-R2-3-R1咪唑醋酸盐,1-R2-3-R1咪唑四氟硼酸盐,1-R2-3-R1咪唑六氟磷酸盐,1-R2-3-R1咪唑磷酸二甲(乙,丁)酯,1-R2-3-R1咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐,1-R2-3-R1咪唑硝酸盐,1-R2-3-R1咪唑对甲基苯磺酸盐,1-R2-3-R1咪唑硫酸氢盐,1-R2-3-R1咪唑九氟丁磺酸盐,1-R2吡啶氯盐,1-R2吡啶溴盐,1-R2吡啶高氯酸盐,1-R2-3-甲基吡啶氯盐,1-R2-3-甲基吡啶溴盐,1-R2-4-甲基吡啶氯盐,1-R2-4-甲基吡啶溴盐,1-R1,R2吡咯烷溴盐,1-R1,R2吡咯烷四氟硼酸盐,1-R1,R2吡咯烷六氟磷酸盐,1-R1,R2哌啶溴盐,1-R1,R2-2-吡咯烷酮四氟硼酸盐,1-R2-1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]-5-壬烯磷酸二甲(乙,丁)酯,己内酰胺醋酸盐,1-R2-2-甲基吡咯啉溴盐,1-R2异喹啉溴盐,六烷基胍氯盐,五烷基环状胍六氟磷酸盐,四烷基甲酸铵盐,四烷基磷翁甲酸盐,三羟乙基甲基氯铵盐中的一种或两种以上的混合物。其中离子液体阳离子结构及阴离子的类型如下:
阳离子结构:
其中R1=CnH2n+1,1≤n≤20;R2=CmH2mOH,CmH2mOCm’H2m’+1,CmH2mCOOCm’H2m’+1,CmH2mSO3H,2≤m≤20,1≤m’≤20;R=CnH2n,n=3,4,5或R=R1或R=R2;
阴离子X的类型如下:
X=Cl-,Br-,BF4 -,PF6 -,HCOO-,CH3COO-,C2H5COO-,C6H5COO-,C9H19COO-,HOCH2COO-,CH3OCOO-,NO3 -,HSO4 -,CH3SO4 -,C2H5SO4 -,C8H17SO4 -,CH3(OC2H4)SO4 -,CH3SO3 -,CH3SO2CH2ONH-,C7H7SO3 -,F9SO3 -,B(CN)4 -,SCN-,C(CN)3 -,N(CN)2 -,(CF3)2SO4N-,CF3SO3 -,CF3COO-,HSCH2COO-,H2NCH2COO-,H2PO4 -,(CH3O)2PO2 -,(C2H5O)2PO2 -,(C4H9O)2PO2 -,C4H5NO2 -,Tf2N-,ClO4 -
所述水性树脂可选择水性环氧树脂、水性丙烯酸树脂、水性聚氨酯树脂或有导电性的上述三种类型的树脂中的一种或多种组合。
所述纤维线或丝包括纯棉、混纺棉、天丝、涤纶丝、芳纶丝、丙纶丝、氨纶丝、腈纶丝、锦纶丝、毛线、蚕丝、蛋白纤维、麻/亚麻纤维、竹炭纤维、玉米纤维、聚酯纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、维纶纤维、酚醛纤维。
具体实施方式:
本发明用以下实施例说明,但本发明并不限于下述实施例,在不脱离前后所述宗旨的范围内,所有基于本发明基本思想的修改和变动,都属于本发明请求保护的技术范围内。
实施例1
称取400.0g单组份水性聚氨酯树脂,5.0g润湿剂,500.0ppm的[HOEtmim]Br于搅拌釜中,常温800-2000rpm的转速机械分散1-2h,得分散液1;称取588.5g羟基化/羧基化改性的多壁碳纳米管分散液于分散液1中,常温下800-2000rpm的转速搅拌4-5h,得导电分散液2;称取5.0g渗透剂及1.0g消泡剂,分别滴加至上述的导电分散液2中,调整分散机的转速为500-800rpm,常温搅拌0.5-1h后,添加一定量的HEC,调整导电溶液的粘度为800mPa·s-1000mPa·s后得碳纳米导电液待用。采用上述导电溶液分别使用涤纶丝、腈纶丝、棉纤维、聚丙烯腈丝、羊毛丝在烘干温度为170-200℃的条件下进行导电溶液的染色实验,染色速度10-15m/min,烘干后的导电线经连续缠绕于辊筒上。经测试,该方法制备的导电涤纶丝及导电腈纶丝的电阻约为103-104Ω/cm,导电棉纤维电阻约为104Ω/cm,导电聚丙烯腈丝电阻值约为102Ω/cm,导电羊毛电阻值为102Ω/cm。
实施例2
称取400.0g单组份水性丙烯酸树脂,5.0g润湿剂,500.0ppm的[EtOMmim]Cl于搅拌釜中,常温800-2000rpm的转速机械分散1-2h,得分散液1;称取588.7g羟基化/羧基化改性的多壁碳纳米管分散液于分散液1中,常温下800-2000rpm的转速搅拌4-5h,得导电分散液2;称取5.0g渗透剂及1.0g消泡剂,分别滴加至上述的导电分散液2中,调整分散机的转速为500-800rpm,常温搅拌0.5-1h后,添加一定量的HEC,调整导电溶液的粘度为800mPa·s-1000mPa·s后得碳纳米导电液待用。采用上述导电溶液分别使用涤纶丝、腈纶丝、棉纤维、聚丙烯腈丝、羊毛丝在烘干温度为170-200℃的条件下进行导电溶液的染色实验,染色速度10-15m/min,烘干后的导电线经连续缠绕于辊筒上。经测试,该方法制备的导电涤纶丝及导电腈纶丝的电阻约为103Ω/cm,导电棉纤维电阻约为104Ω/cm,导电聚丙烯腈丝电阻值约为102Ω/cm,导电羊毛电阻值为102-103Ω/cm。
实施例3
称取100.0g单组份水性环氧树脂,5.0g润湿剂,500.0ppm的[AOEmim]BF4于搅拌釜中,常温800-2000rpm的转速机械分散1-2h,得分散液1;称取588.5g羟基化/羧基化改性的多壁碳纳米管分散液于分散液1中,常温下800-2000rpm的转速搅拌4-5h,得导电分散液2;称取双组份水性环氧树脂固化剂300.0g(组分A:组分B=1:1,搅拌均匀)于上述导电分散液2中搅拌10-20min,得导电分散液3;称取5.0g渗透剂及1.0g消泡剂,分别滴加至上述的导电分散液3中,调整分散机的转速为500-800rpm,常温搅拌0.5-1h后,添加一定量的HEC于导电分散液3中,调整该导电溶液的粘度为800mPa·s-1000mPa·s后待用。采用上述导电溶液分别使用涤纶丝、腈纶丝、棉纤维、聚丙烯腈丝、羊毛丝在烘干温度为170-200℃的条件下进行导电溶液的染色实验,染色速度10-15m/min,烘干后的导电线经连续缠绕于辊筒上。经测试,该方法制备的导电涤纶丝及导电腈纶丝的电阻约为104Ω/cm,导电棉纤维电阻约为105Ω/cm,导电聚丙烯腈丝电阻值约为104Ω/cm,导电羊毛电阻值为104Ω/cm。
实施例4
称取700.0g单组份水性丙烯酸树脂,5.0g润湿剂,500.0ppm的[HOEtpy]Br于搅拌釜中,常温800-2000rpm的转速机械分散1-2h,得分散液1;称取288.5g羟基化/羧基化改性的多层石墨烯分散液于分散液1中,常温下800-2000rpm的转速搅拌4-5h,得导电分散液2;称取5.0g渗透剂及1.0g消泡剂,分别滴加至上述的导电分散液2中,调整分散机的转速为500-800rpm,常温搅拌0.5-1h后,添加一定量的HEC,调整导电溶液的粘度为800mPa·s-1000mPa·s后得碳纳米导电液待用。采用上述导电溶液使用芳纶丝在烘干温度为170-200℃的条件下进行导电溶液的染色实验,染色速度10-15m/min,烘干后的导电线经连续缠绕于辊筒上。经测试,该方法制备的导电芳纶丝电阻值为105-106Ω/cm。
实施例5
称取800.0g单组份水性丙烯酸树脂,5.0g润湿剂,500.0ppm的[HOEtpy]Br于搅拌釜中,常温下800-1200rpm的转速搅拌2-3h得分散液1;称取188.6g纳米超导炭黑缓慢添加于分散液1中,调整分散机的转速为1200-2000rpm,常温搅拌3-4h后得分散液2;称取5.0g渗透剂及1.0g消泡剂,分别滴加至上述的导电分散液2中,调整分散机的转速为500-800rpm,常温搅拌0.5-1h后,添加一定量的HEC,调整导电溶液的粘度为800mPa·s-1000mPa·s后得碳纳米导电液待用。采用上述导电溶液使用亚麻纤维在烘干温度为170-200℃的条件下进行导电溶液的染色实验,染色速度10-15m/min,烘干后的导电线经连续缠绕于辊筒上。经测试,该方法制备的导电亚麻纤维电阻值为109Ω/cm。
实施例6
称取700.0g单组份水性丙烯酸树脂,5.0g润湿剂,500.0ppm的[DBNB]Dep于搅拌釜中,常温下800-1200rpm的转速搅拌2-3h得分散液1;称取288.6g纳米超导炭黑缓慢添加于分散液1中,调整分散机的转速为1200-2000rpm,常温搅拌3-4h后得分散液2;称取5.0g渗透剂及1.0g消泡剂,分别滴加至上述的导电分散液2中,调整分散机的转速为500-800rpm,常温搅拌0.5-1h后,添加一定量的HEC,调整导电溶液的粘度为800mPa·s-1000mPa·s后得碳纳米导电液待用。采用上述导电溶液使用天丝或蚕丝或玉米纤维在烘干温度为170-200℃的条件下进行导电溶液的染色实验,染色速度10-15m/min,烘干后的导电线经连续缠绕于辊筒上。经测试,该方法制备的导电天丝或导电蚕丝或玉米纤维电阻值为108-109Ω/cm。
实施例7
称取500.0g水性聚氨酯树脂,5.0g润湿剂,1000.0ppm的[HOEtMpyrr]Br于搅拌釜中,常温下800-1200rpm的转速搅拌2-3h得分散液1;称取438.5g羟基化/羧基化改性的多壁碳纳米管,50.0g羟基化/羧基化改性的多层石墨烯分散液于分散液1中,调整分散机的转速为1000-1500rpm,常温搅拌4-5h,得导电分散液2;称取5.0g渗透剂及1.0g消泡剂,分别滴加至上述的导电分散液2中,调整分散机的转速为500-800rpm,常温搅拌0.5-1h后,添加一定量的HEC,调整导电溶液的粘度为800mPa·s-1000mPa·s后得碳纳米导电液待用。采用上述导电溶液分别使用涤纶丝、腈纶丝、棉纤维、聚丙烯腈丝、羊毛丝在烘干温度为170-200℃的条件下进行导电溶液的染色实验,染色速度10-15m/min,烘干后的导电线经连续缠绕于辊筒上。经测试,该方法制备的导电涤纶丝及导电腈纶丝的电阻约为102-103Ω/cm,导电棉纤维电阻约为103-104Ω/cm,导电聚丙烯腈丝电阻值约为102Ω/cm,导电羊毛电阻值为102Ω/cm。
实施例8
称取300.0g水性聚氨酯树脂,5.0g润湿剂,1000.0ppm的[DBNB]Dep于搅拌釜中,常温下800-1200rpm的转速搅拌2-3h得分散液1;称取100.0g纳米超导炭黑缓慢添加至上述反应釜中的树脂中,常温搅拌2-3h得分散液2;称取588.5g羟基化/羧基化改性的多壁碳纳米管分散液,缓慢添加至分散液2中,调整分散机的转速为1000-1500rpm,常温搅拌4-5h,得导电分散液3;称取5.0g渗透剂及1.0g消泡剂,分别滴加至上述的导电分散液3中,调整分散机的转速为500-800rpm,常温搅拌0.5-1h后,添加一定量的HEC,调整导电溶液的粘度为800mPa·s-1000mPa·s后得碳纳米导电液待用。采用上述导电溶液竹炭纤维在烘干温度为170-200℃的条件下进行导电溶液的染色实验,染色速度10-15m/min,烘干后的导电线经连续缠绕于辊筒上。经测试,该方法制备的导电竹炭纤维电阻值为104Ω/cm。
实施例9
称取600.0g水性聚氨酯树脂,5.0g润湿剂,1000.0ppm的[DBNB]Dep于搅拌釜中,常温下800-1200rpm的转速搅拌2-3h得分散液1;称取50.0g纳米超导炭黑缓慢添加至上述反应釜中的树脂中,常温搅拌2-3h得分散液2;称取238.5g羟基化/羧基化改性的多层石墨烯分散液,缓慢添加至分散液2中,调整分散机的转速为1000-1500rpm,常温搅拌4-5h,得导电分散液3;称取5.0g渗透剂及1.0g消泡剂,分别滴加至上述的导电分散液3中,调整分散机的转速为500-800rpm,常温搅拌0.5-1h后,添加一定量的HEC,调整导电溶液的粘度为1500mPa·s-2000mPa·s后得碳纳米导电液待用。采用上述导电溶液使用锦纶丝在烘干温度为170-200℃的条件下进行导电溶液的染色实验,染色速度10-15m/min,烘干后的导电线经连续缠绕于辊筒上。经测试,该方法制备的导电锦纶丝电阻值为106Ω/cm。
实施例10
称取400.0g水性聚氨酯树脂,5.0g润湿剂,1000.0ppm的[DBNB]Dep于搅拌釜中,常温下800-1200rpm的转速搅拌2-3h得分散液1;称取50.0g纳米超导炭黑缓慢添加至上述反应釜中的树脂中,常温搅拌2-3h得分散液2;称取488.5g羟基化/羧基化改性的多壁碳纳米管分散液及50.0g羟基化/羧基化改性的多层石墨烯分散液,分别缓慢添加至分散液2中,调整分散机的转速为1000-1500rpm,常温搅拌4-5h,得导电分散液3;称取5.0g渗透剂及1.0g消泡剂,分别滴加至上述的导电分散液3中,调整分散机的转速为500-800rpm,常温搅拌0.5-1h后,添加一定量的HEC,调整导电溶液的粘度为800mPa·s-1000mPa·s后得碳纳米导电液待用。采用上述导电溶液使用维纶纤维在烘干温度为170-200℃的条件下进行导电溶液的染色实验,染色速度10-15m/min,烘干后的导电线经连续缠绕于辊筒上。经测试,该方法制备的导维纶纤维电阻值为103Ω/cm。
实施例11
称取800.0g单组份水性聚氨酯树脂,5.0g润湿剂,500.0ppm的[HOEtmim]Br于搅拌釜中,常温下800-1200rpm的转速搅拌2-3h得分散液1;称取188.7g羟基化/羧基化改性的多壁碳纳米管分散液于分散液1中,常温下800-2000rpm的转速搅拌4-5h,得导电分散液2;称取5.0g渗透剂及1.0g消泡剂,分别滴加至上述的导电分散液2中,调整分散机的转速为500-800rpm,常温搅拌0.5-1h后,添加一定量的HEC,调整导电溶液的粘度为800mPa·s-1000mPa·s后得碳纳米导电液待用。采用上述导电溶液使用酚醛纤维在烘干温度为170-200℃的条件下进行导电溶液的染色实验,染色速度10-15m/min,烘干后的导电线经连续缠绕于辊筒上。经测试,该方法制备的导电酚醛纤维电阻值为108-109Ω/cm。
实施例12
称取300.0g单组份水性聚氨酯树脂,5.0g润湿剂,500.0ppm的[HOEtmim]Br于搅拌釜中,常温下800-1200rpm的转速搅拌2-3h得分散液1;称取688.2g羟基化/羧基化改性的多壁碳纳米管分散液于分散液1中,常温下800-2000rpm的转速搅拌4-5h,得导电分散液2;称取5.0g渗透剂及1.0g消泡剂,分别滴加至上述的导电分散液2中,调整分散机的转速为500-800rpm,常温搅拌0.5-1h后,添加一定量的HEC,调整导电溶液的粘度为800mPa·s-1000mPa·s后得碳纳米导电液待用。采用上述导电溶液使用聚酯纤维在烘干温度为170-200℃的条件下进行导电溶液的染色实验,染色速度10-15m/min,烘干后的导电线经连续缠绕于辊筒上。经测试,该方法制备的导电聚酯纤维电阻值为102-103Ω/cm。
实施例13
称取300.0g单组份水性聚氨酯树脂,5.0g润湿剂,500.0ppm的[HOEtmim]Br于搅拌釜中,常温下800-1200rpm的转速搅拌2-3h得分散液1;称取688.5g羟基化/羧基化改性的多层石墨烯分散液于分散液1中,常温下800-2000rpm的转速搅拌4-5h,得导电分散液2;称取5.0g渗透剂及1.0g消泡剂,分别滴加至上述的导电分散液2中,调整分散机的转速为500-800rpm,常温搅拌0.5-1h后,添加一定量的HEC,调整导电溶液的粘度为800mPa·s-1000mPa·s后得碳纳米导电液待用。采用上述导电溶液使用丙纶丝在烘干温度为170-200℃的条件下进行导电溶液的染色实验,染色速度10-15m/min,烘干后的导电线经连续缠绕于辊筒上。经测试,该方法制备的导电丙纶丝电阻值为102-103Ω/cm。
实施例14
称取300.0g单组份水性丙烯酸树脂,5.0g润湿剂,1000.0ppm的[HOEtBmor]Br于搅拌釜中,常温下800-1200rpm的转速搅拌2-3h得分散液1;称取688.3g羟基化/羧基化改性的多壁碳纳米管分散液于分散液1中,常温下800-2000rpm的转速搅拌4-5h,得导电分散液2;称取5.0g渗透剂及1.0g消泡剂,分别滴加至上述的导电分散液1中,调整分散机的转速为500-800rpm,常温搅拌0.5-1h后,添加一定量的HEC,调整导电溶液的粘度为800mPa·s-1000mPa·s后得碳纳米导电液待用。采用上述导电溶液使用氨纶丝在烘干温度为170-200℃的条件下进行导电溶液的染色实验,染色速度10-15m/min,烘干后的导电线经连续缠绕于辊筒上。经测试,该方法制备的导电氨纶丝电阻值为102-103Ω/cm。
实施例15
称取800.0g单组份水性聚氨酯树脂,5.0g润湿剂,1000.0ppm的[HOEtBmor]Br于搅拌釜中,常温下800-1200rpm的转速搅拌2-3h得分散液1;称取188.5g羟基化/羧基化改性的多层石墨烯分散液于分散液1中,常温下800-2000rpm的转速搅拌4-5h,得导电分散液2;称取5.0g渗透剂及1.0g消泡剂,分别滴加至上述的导电分散液2中,调整分散机的转速为500-800rpm,常温搅拌0.5-1h后,添加一定量的HEC,调整导电溶液的粘度为800mPa·s-1000mPa·s后得碳纳米导电液待用。采用上述导电溶液使用锦纶丝在烘干温度为170-200℃的条件下进行导电溶液的染色实验,染色速度10-15m/min,烘干后的导电线经连续缠绕于辊筒上。经测试,该方法制备的导电锦纶丝电阻值为108-109Ω/cm。
以上详细描述了本发明的实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复,本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本发明的思想,其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。
Claims (11)
1.一种以离子液体为分散剂制备碳纳米导电溶液的方法,工艺流程为:称取质量分数10-80%的水性树脂,质量分数0.5%-3%的润湿剂及质量分数0.01-1%的离子液体于搅拌釜中,常温800-1200rpm的转速机械分散1-3h,得分散液1;依次缓慢添加一定量质量分数3-10%的碳纳米管分散液或质量分数10-15%的石墨烯分散液或纳米超导炭黑或其中两者及三者的组合于分散液1中,常温800-2000rpm的转速机械分散4-5h,得分散液2;添加质量分数0.5%-1%渗透剂及质量分数0.1%-0.5%的消泡剂于分散液2中,常温500-800rpm的转速机械分散0.5-1h,得到均一稳定的离子液体碳纳米导电溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述离子液体为二取代咪唑盐类、三取代咪唑盐类、苯并咪唑盐类、一取代吡啶盐类、二取代吡啶盐类、吡咯烷盐类、吗啉盐类、哌啶盐类、DBN盐类、季铵盐类、季膦盐类离子液体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于所选离子液体为如下化学结构式中阴阳离子组合中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
阳离子结构:
其中R1=CnH2n+1,1≤n≤20;R2=CmH2mOH,CmH2mOCm’H2m’+1,CmH2mCOOCm’H2m’+1,CmH2mSO3H,2≤m≤20,1≤m’≤20;R=CnH2n,n=3,4,5或R=R1或R=R2;
阴离子X的类型如下:
X=Cl-,Br-,BF4 -,PF6 -,HCOO-,CH3COO-,C2H5COO-,C6H5COO-,C9H19COO-,HOCH2COO-,CH3OCOO-,NO3 -,HSO4 -,CH3SO4 -,C2H5SO4 -,C8H17SO4 -,CH3(OC2H4)SO4 -,CH3SO3 -,CH3SO2CH2ONH-,C7H7SO3 -,F9SO3 -,B(CN)4 -,SCN-,C(CN)3 -,N(CN)2 -,(CF3)2SO4N-,CF3SO3 -, CF3COO-,HSCH2COO-,H2NCH2COO-,H2PO4 -,(CH3O)2PO2 -,(C2H5O)2PO2 -,(C4H9O)2PO2 -,C4H5NO2 -,Tf2N-,ClO4 -。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,所述碳纳米管为羟基或羧基化改性的多壁或单壁碳纳米管;所述石墨烯为羟基或羧基化改性的多层或单层石墨烯;所述纳米超导炭黑直径为20-100nm;来源通过商购获得或通过实验室制备获得。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,所述水性树脂,选自单组份水性聚氨酯、单组份水性丙烯酸树脂、双组份水性环氧树脂及具有导电功能的水性树脂中的一种或两种及两种以上的组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,所述润湿剂,选自有机硅类润湿剂和聚合物类润湿剂中的一种或两种混合物;所述消泡剂,选自有机硅类、聚醚类及脂肪醇类消泡剂中的一种或两种以上混合物;所述渗透剂,选自非离子型、阴离子型、复配型渗透剂中的一种或两种以上混合物。
7.权利要求1所述方法制备的碳纳米导电溶液,其特征在于,该导电溶液以含有功能化基团羟基、醚基、酯基、羧基、磺酸基等的离子液体为分散剂,水为溶剂,羟基化/羧基化改性单壁或多壁碳纳米管分散液和/或羟基化/羧基化改性单层或多层石墨烯分散液和/或纳米超导炭黑为导电材料,水性树脂为黏合剂等复合而成。
8.一种使用权利要求1制备的纳米导电溶液制备离子液体碳纳米导电纤维线/丝的方法,其特征在于:
使用不同规格的绝缘纤维线或丝,室温-40℃下,经权利要求1制备的碳纳米导电溶液浸没、滚涂后在150-200℃的温度下烘干,得到离子液体碳纳米导电纤维线/丝。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,所述纤维线或丝主要包括纯棉、混纺棉、天丝、涤纶丝、芳纶丝、丙纶丝、氨纶丝、腈纶丝、锦纶丝、毛线、蚕丝、蛋白纤维、玉米纤维、麻/亚麻纤维、竹炭纤维、聚酯纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、维纶纤维、酚醛纤维。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法制备的离子液体碳纳米导电纤维线/丝,其特征在于,导电纤维每厘米电阻值为102-109Ω,导电纤维通电后可激发其自身的导电物质产生远红外线而产生辐射热。
11.根据权利要求10所述的离子液体碳纳米导电纤维线/丝可应用于医疗器械、手术毯、中药/工业烘干,西药脱水、胶囊成型、电子器材、航空航天材料、远红外模拟靶/射击靶、矿井保温箱、化工保温带、保健手套/腰带/脚垫、发热线缆、地热材料、远红外发热毯/发热垫、电热壁画、室温栽培/灭菌及防静电或可发热服装等领域。
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