CN106132907A - 含有石墨烯的滑环 - Google Patents

含有石墨烯的滑环 Download PDF

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CN106132907A
CN106132907A CN201580015209.8A CN201580015209A CN106132907A CN 106132907 A CN106132907 A CN 106132907A CN 201580015209 A CN201580015209 A CN 201580015209A CN 106132907 A CN106132907 A CN 106132907A
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slip ring
graphene
weight
containing graphene
ceramic material
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J·奥茨切克
约尔格·泰勒科
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EagleBurgmann Germany GmbH and Co KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及机械密封装置的由含有石墨烯的材料(6)制得的滑环。

Description

含有石墨烯的滑环
技术领域
本发明涉及含有石墨烯的滑环以及具有该滑环的机械密封装置。
背景技术
石墨烯是碳在二维结构方面的变型，其中各碳原子均被另外三个碳原子包围。这产生了蜂窝状(六边形)图案。此外，实质上，具有旋转滑环和固定滑环的机械密封件是已知的，该机械密封件使旋转部件密封。滑环的材料为碳化硅(SiC)或碳化钨(WC)。因为这些材料兼具高等级的耐磨耗性和相对高的导热率，所以它们特别适用于滑环。此外，DE102011056896 A1公开了用于制造并在支承部件用的多晶碳化硅上使用石墨烯的方法。在这种情况下，将石墨烯涂到碳化硅的表面，以便建立具有非常低的摩擦的表面。
在已经对碳化硅表面进行抛光之后，使用流动氩执行退火处理。实质上，已经证明由碳化硅构成的已知滑环是成功的。然而，出于机器转速和温度方面不断增长的需求的原因，还期望获得滑环使用寿命的增加。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于提供滑环和机械密封装置，其在具有简单结构和能够简单且成本效益好地制得的同时，具有改善了的热性能和更长的使用寿命。
该目的通过具有方案1的特征的滑环和具有方案16的特征的机械密封装置来实现。从属方案说明了本发明的优选实施方式。
根据本发明的具有方案1的特征的滑环由包括滑环材料(基材)和含有石墨烯的材料的材料制得。含有石墨烯的材料与滑环材料形成复合材料，其中滑环材料与含有石墨烯的材料混合。因此，通过将含有石墨烯的材料引入用于滑环的材料，能够获得改善了的导热率和改善了的导电率。此外，获得了改善了的机械性能，特别地，能够明显提高断裂韧性。借助于含有石墨烯的材料使在运行期间在陶瓷材料滑环的情况下出现的裂纹的生长得以改善2至3个因数(factor)，即相应地延缓了裂纹的生长。滑环中的含有石墨烯的材料的二维结构使裂纹转向、支化或桥接成为可能。特别地，这能够明显改善滑环的使用寿命。
优选地，含有石墨烯的材料为如下形式的石墨烯：纯石墨烯，和/或氧化石墨烯，和/或在技术上被还原的氧化石墨烯(TRGO(technically reduced graphene oxide))，和/或功能石墨烯(吸附有其它分子或其它原子的石墨烯)。
优选地，滑环由陶瓷材料和含有石墨烯的材料制得。
还优选地，陶瓷材料和含有石墨烯的材料混合在复合材料中。
在特别优选的方式中，滑环仅由两种材料、即一种陶瓷材料和含有石墨烯的材料制得。在特别优选的方式中，陶瓷材料为SiC或WC或氮化硅(Si3N4)。
在特别优选的方式中，在滑环中，均匀地分布陶瓷材料和含有石墨烯的材料。这意味着，整个滑环中到处具有相等的机械性能、热性能和电性能。
在特别优选的方式中，滑环为烧结部件。优选地，在这种情况下，使陶瓷材料首先以粉末形式与含有石墨烯的材料混合并例如借助于加压步骤使其变成期望的形式。可选地，在这种情况下可以使用粘接剂。
在特别优选的方式中，提供如下的滑环的材料：含有石墨烯的材料占滑环的总重量的重量比例在0.1重量％至10重量％的范围内，特别地，含有石墨烯的材料占滑环的总重量的重量比例在1重量％至5重量％的范围内。
还优选地，选择陶瓷材料中的石墨烯的比例，使得滑环具有0.1Ωm至10Ωm范围内的电阻率，特别地，使得滑环具有0.3Ωm至0.8Ωm范围内的电阻率。
根据本发明的另一优选实施方式，含有石墨烯的材料以石墨烯部分的形式这样配置在滑环的材料中：各石墨烯部分均具有彼此紧挨着平行地配置的多层单独的石墨烯层。优选地，彼此紧挨着平行地配置的石墨烯层的数量为在100层至1000层的范围内。复合材料中的石墨烯层的数量在石墨烯部分与石墨烯部分之间可以不同。
还优选地，石墨烯以单独的石墨烯组分被陶瓷材料完全包围的方式配置在滑环的材料中。结果，存在于材料中的石墨烯组分与相邻的石墨烯组分不直接接触。石墨烯组分可以为单独的石墨烯层或由多层石墨烯层构成的石墨烯部分。
优选地，含有石墨烯的材料以如下方式设置在滑环的材料中：含有石墨烯的材料提供从滑环的滑动侧穿过滑环至少延伸到滑环的后侧的连续连接部分。这能够确保从滑环的滑动侧到外侧的特别有效的导热以及特别有效的导电。滑环的外侧可以为径向上的内侧或外侧或者后侧。在特别优选的方式中，滑环的材料具有设置在该材料中的石墨烯网，该石墨烯网由彼此接触的单独的石墨烯组分形成。
还优选地，滑环在滑动面上具有金刚石涂层。结果，滑环具有特别有效的耐磨损性。
本发明还涉及具有旋转滑环和固定滑环的机械密封装置，其中这些滑环中的至少一者包括含有石墨烯的材料。优选地，机械密封装置的滑环均由含有石墨烯的材料制得。更优选地，滑环不具有涂层或可选地具有金刚石涂层。
附图说明
以下将参照附图详细说明本发明的优选示例性实施方式。在各图中用相似的附图标记表示相似或在功能上等同的部件。在图中：
图1示出根据本发明的第一示例性实施方式的具有根据本发明的滑环的机械密封件的示意性截面图；
图2示出图1中的滑环的示意性截面图；和
图3示出延伸穿过滑环的裂纹的示意图，和
图4示出根据本发明的第二示例性实施方式的滑环的示意性截面图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了具有旋转滑环2和固定滑环3的机械密封装置1。以已知的方式在两滑环2、3之间限定有密封间隙4。旋转滑环2经由带动元件(entrainment element)9与例如轴套等的旋转部件10连接。附图标记12和13表示O形环。固定滑环3与诸如壳体等的固定部件11连接。
机械密封装置1使产品区域20密封、不受大气区域21影响。
图2详细地示出了固定滑环3。固定滑环2由包括陶瓷材料5和含有石墨烯的材料6的复合材料制得。含有石墨烯的材料6均匀地分布在滑环的复合材料中。含有石墨烯的材料可以为纯石墨烯和/或氧化石墨烯和/或在技术上被还原的氧化石墨烯和/或吸附有至少一种其它化学分子的功能石墨烯，或者可以为前述材料的任意组合。
如图2详细所示的，含有石墨烯的材料6以多个石墨烯部分的形式配置在陶瓷材料5中。石墨烯部分均包括彼此平行配置的多层石墨烯层。每个石墨烯部分中的石墨烯层的数量在100至1000之间。单独的石墨烯部分可以在复合材料内彼此接触，或可以被陶瓷材料5的晶体以使相邻的石墨烯部分不接触的方式完全包围。优选地，陶瓷材料为SiC。
本示例性实施方式的固定滑环3为烧结部件，其中，为了制造滑环，在第一步骤中使陶瓷粉末与含有石墨烯的材料混合，从而提供烧结粉末。在这种情况下，混入的含有石墨烯的材料在占烧结粉末的总重量的0.1重量％至10重量％、特别是1重量％至5重量％的范围内。在下一步骤中，通过随后被烧结的烧结粉末混合物形成坯体。
向陶瓷烧结材料混入含有石墨烯的材料出乎意料地制得了由复合材料构成的滑环，该滑环在维持滑环的强度的同时还提供了意料之外的优点。除了明显改善了低至0.1Ωm的特别低的电阻率以外，还显著地改善了滑环的材料的断裂韧性。
在由诸如SiC等的陶瓷材料构成的典型滑环的情况下，在一定运行周期之后可能会出现裂纹，并且裂纹往往从滑动面开始延伸穿过整个滑环。在根据本发明的具有石墨烯成分的滑环的情况下，基本上能够避免这样的损坏。已经证明如下情况：石墨烯部分防止裂纹8的裂纹生长穿过整个部件。裂纹典型地出现在大致垂直于滑环的滑动面的方向上，然后沿轴线方向X-X延伸穿过整个滑环。由多层相互平行的单独的石墨烯层构成的石墨烯部分明显地延缓了裂纹发展速率。如果裂纹8侵入由多层石墨烯层构成的石墨烯部分，石墨烯层不会同时全部裂开，而是单独地裂开。结果，明显减小了裂纹8穿过部件的扩展速度。因此，根据本发明的滑环具有比传统滑环显著长的使用寿命。图3示意性地示出了裂纹形成。
在由纯SiC构成的滑环的情况下，裂纹将会在极短的时间量内沿着陶瓷材料的晶界行进穿过整个部件。
在图2中还显而易见的是，一些石墨烯部分以其至少部分地暴露于滑动面30的表面的方式配置在滑环中。这提供了减小摩擦系数的额外优点，特别是在机械密封装置的干运行情况下。在这种情况下，在干运行期间，石墨烯部分中的小片段可能会断裂并形成一种润滑剂。因此，还能够获得这种机械密封装置的改善了的干运转性能。在特别优选的方式中，固定滑环3和旋转滑环2由根据本发明的包括陶瓷材料5和含有石墨烯的材料6的材料制得。
图4示出了根据本发明的第二示例性实施方式的滑环3。与第一示例性实施方式相比，第二示例性实施方式包括如下含有石墨烯的材料6的配置：单独的石墨烯部分形成从滑动面30穿过滑环到达滑环的后侧31并进一步到达滑环的外侧的连续连接部分。通过示例方式，图4还示出了到达径向外侧32的石墨烯的连续连接部分。相邻的石墨烯部分彼此接触并相对于彼此各自以不同角度配置。在特别优选的方式中，从滑动面30到后侧31或外侧的连续连接部分形成网状结构7。因此，通过各种石墨烯部分制得多个直接连接通路，其中石墨烯部分从滑动面30到达后侧31或进一步到达外侧、以网的方式配置。因此，特别地，能够明显改善滑环3的导电率。其原因在于如下事实：石墨烯具有比例如SiC的陶瓷材料显著高的导电率。改善了的导电率能够专门与穿过滑环的电流电路协同使用，或者还能够用于减少滑动面30上的静电荷。
附图标记说明
1 机械密封装置
2 旋转滑环
3 固定滑环
4 密封间隙
5 陶瓷材料
6 含有石墨烯的材料
7 石墨烯网
8 裂纹
9 带动元件
10 旋转部件
11 壳体
12、13 密封环
20 产品区域
21 大气区域
30 滑动面
31 后侧
X-X 轴线方向

Claims (17)

1.一种机械密封装置的滑环，所述滑环包括含有石墨烯的材料(6)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滑环，其特征在于，所述含有石墨烯的材料(6)包括如下形式的石墨烯：纯石墨烯，和/或氧化石墨烯，和/或在技术上被还原的氧化石墨烯，和/或功能石墨烯。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的滑环，其中，所述滑环的材料为包括陶瓷材料(5)和所述含有石墨烯的材料(6)的复合材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的滑环，其中，所述滑环仅包括所述陶瓷材料(5)和所述含有石墨烯的材料(6)。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的滑环，其中，所述陶瓷材料(5)和所述含有石墨烯的材料(6)混合在所述复合材料中。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滑环，其特征在于，在所述滑环中，均匀地分布所述陶瓷材料(5)和所述含有石墨烯的材料(6)。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滑环，其中，所述滑环为烧结部件。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滑环，其中，所述含有石墨烯的材料(6)占所述滑环的总重量的重量比例在0.1重量％至10重量％的范围内，特别地，所述含有石墨烯的材料(6)占所述滑环的总重量的重量比例在1重量％至5重量％的范围内。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滑环，其中，所述滑环具有在0.1Ωm至10Ωm范围内的电阻率。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滑环，其中，所述滑环的所述含有石墨烯的材料(6)以石墨烯部分的形式这样分布：各所述石墨烯部分均具有彼此紧挨着平行地配置的多层单独的石墨烯层。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滑环，其特征在于，单独的石墨烯组分被所述陶瓷材料(5)完全包围。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滑环，其中，所述滑环具有滑动面(30)和外侧(31)，所述滑动面(30)与所述外侧(31)之间形成有由所述含有石墨烯的材料建立的连续连接部分。
13.根据权利要求12所述的滑环，其特征在于，所述连接部分由石墨烯网(7)形成，所述石墨烯网(7)由所述滑环中的石墨烯部分构成。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滑环，其中，所述含有石墨烯的材料(6)配置于所述滑环的滑动面(30)。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滑环，其中，所述滑环在所述滑动面(31)上具有金刚石涂层。
16.根据权利要求3至15中任一项所述的滑环，其特征在于，所述陶瓷材料为SiC或WC或氮化硅。
17.一种机械密封装置，其具有旋转滑环(2)和固定滑环(3)，其中，这些滑环中的至少一者为根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滑环。
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