CN106124069A - A kind of multi-photon number system, method and device - Google Patents
A kind of multi-photon number system, method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of multi-photon number system, method and device, this system includes multiple comparator, the first input end of each comparator is all connected with the outfan of photomultiplier tube, and the second input all connects reference voltage, and outfan all inputs with a binary counter are connected；Multiple binary counters, the input of multiple binary counters outfan with multiple comparators correspondingly is connected, the outfan of multiple binary counters is all connected with the input of processor, and binary counter is for carrying out counting and exporting count value when coupled comparator has output；Processor, obtains, after calculating according to the count value of binary counter output, the photon number that photomultiplier tube captures.The present invention is without using the data collecting card of superelevation sample rate, low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to multi-photon detection field, be specifically related to a kind of multi-photon number system, method and device.
Background technology
Multi-photon detection technique based on photomultiplier tube (SiPM) can apply to multiple field, conventional multi-photon inspection
Survey method is all to need the data collecting card using superelevation sample rate (such as 1GSps) can realize multi-photon collection and counting,
PXIE-5160 such as NI.Although the program is feasible and convenience, but owing to current sampling rate is to more than 1GSps sample rate
Capture card cost is the highest at several ten thousand yuan, so cost is the highest.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention to solve the technical problem that and to be that of the prior art needs uses superelevation sample rate
Data collecting card can realize multi-photon counting.
To this end, a kind of multi-photon number system of the embodiment of the present invention, including: multiple comparators, the of each comparator
One input is all connected with the outfan of photomultiplier tube, and the second input all connects reference voltage, and outfan all enters with one two
The input of enumerator processed connects, the reference voltage that the voltage for inputting at its first input end inputs with its second input
Output signal time equal；Multiple binary counters, the input of multiple binary counters compares with multiple correspondingly
The outfan of device connects, and the outfan of multiple binary counters is all connected with the input of processor, and binary counter is used
In carrying out counting and exporting count value when coupled comparator has output；Processor, for according to binary counter
The count value of output obtains, after calculating, the photon number that photomultiplier tube captures.
Preferably, the number of the plurality of comparator is at least four, and wherein the first comparator is in its first input
The voltage of end input produces the first signal and exports time equal with the first reference voltage that its second input inputs, and described first
The voltage that reference voltage captures a light period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m output according to photomultiplier tube sets；Second comparator is for first defeated at it
Enter the voltage of end input equal with the second reference voltage that its second input inputs time generation secondary signal exporting, described the
The voltage that two reference voltages capture two light period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m outputs according to photomultiplier tube sets；3rd comparator for its first
The voltage of input input produces the 3rd signal and exports time equal with the 3rd reference voltage that its second input inputs, described
The voltage that 3rd reference voltage captures three light period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m outputs according to photomultiplier tube sets；4th comparator for its
The voltage of one input input produces the 4th signal and exports, institute time equal with the 4th reference voltage that its second input inputs
State the 4th reference voltage and capture the voltage setting of four light period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m outputs according to photomultiplier tube.Preferably, described comparator
Ultrahigh-speed comparator for band latch function.
Preferably, described comparator is the ultrahigh-speed comparator of band latch function.
Preferably, described processor is the data acquisition unit of low sampling rate.
Preferably, also including: amplifier, its input is connected with the outfan of photomultiplier tube, its outfan respectively with
The first input end of each comparator connects, for the output signal of photomultiplier tube being amplified and exporting.
A kind of multi-photon method of counting of the embodiment of the present invention, is applied to processor, comprises the following steps:
Receive the signal of multiple binary counter output；
According to the time order and function order receiving described signal, it is thus achieved that the comparator having signal to export in multiple comparators produces
The time order and function order of raw output signal；
The comparator having signal to export described in judgement produces whether the time order and function order of output signal is normal sequence, institute
State output signal that normal sequence is photomultiplier tube when being the complete response pulse that single photon is injected, increase institute over time
The output signal that the comparator that stating has signal to export in multiple comparator (1) the most sequentially produces according to reference voltage, so
The output signal that the comparator having signal to export in rear the plurality of comparator (1) the most sequentially produces according to reference voltage
Time order and function order；
When the time order and function order that the described comparator having signal to export produces output signal is described normal sequence, obtain
Maximum reference voltage level in the comparator that signal exports must be had to produce defeated after capturing new multiple photons as photomultiplier tube
Go out the value corresponding to signal amplitude, and calculate and obtain the number capturing new multiple photons.
Preferably, further comprising the steps of:
When the time order and function order that the described comparator having signal to export produces output signal is not described normal sequence,
Obtain maximum reference voltage level and the previous of comparator with maximum reference voltage level in the comparator having signal to export and have letter
The reference voltage level of comparator of number output, wherein, described in have the time order and function of comparator generation output signal that signal export
Order is not, during described normal sequence represents that the output signal at described photomultiplier tube does not responds and terminates, to have new light
The pulse that son is injected causes the superposition of the output signal of described photomultiplier tube；
According to the reference voltage level of the described previous comparator having signal to export, calculate hangover superposition value；
The difference of maximum reference voltage level with hangover superposition value is captured after new multiple photons as photomultiplier tube
Produce value corresponding to output signal amplitude, and calculate and obtain the number capturing new multiple photons.
A kind of multi-photon counting assembly of the embodiment of the present invention, is applied to processor, including:
Receive unit, for receiving the signal of multiple binary counter output；
First obtains unit, for according to the time order and function order receiving described signal, it is thus achieved that have in multiple comparators
The comparator of signal output produces the time order and function order of output signal；
Judging unit, the most whether the comparator having signal export described in judge produces the time order and function of output signal
Being normal sequence, described normal sequence is the output signal of photomultiplier tube when being the complete response pulse that single photon is injected,
The comparator that increasing over time has signal to export in the plurality of comparator (1) the most sequentially produces according to reference voltage
Output signal, the most the plurality of comparator (1) has the comparator that signal exports according to reference voltage the most sequentially
The time order and function order of the output signal produced；
Second obtains unit, for when described in have the comparator that signal export to produce output signal time order and function be sequentially
During described normal sequence, it is thus achieved that have maximum reference voltage level in the comparator that signal exports to capture new as photomultiplier tube
Produce value corresponding to output signal amplitude after multiple photons, and calculate and obtain the number capturing new multiple photons.
Preferably, also include:
3rd obtains unit, and the comparator being used for having signal to export described in working as produces the time order and function order of output signal the most not
When being described normal sequence, it is thus achieved that have in the comparator that signal exports maximum reference voltage level and there is maximum reference voltage level
The reference voltage level of the previous comparator having signal to export of comparator, wherein, described in have the comparator that signal exports to produce defeated
Going out the time order and function order of signal is not that described normal sequence represents that the output signal at described photomultiplier tube does not responds and terminates
During, the pulse having new photon to inject causes the superposition of the output signal of described photomultiplier tube；
Computing unit, for the reference voltage level according to the described previous comparator having signal to export, calculates hangover superposition
Value；
4th obtains unit, for the difference of maximum reference voltage level with hangover superposition value being captured as photomultiplier tube
After new multiple photons, produce value corresponding to output signal amplitude, and calculate and obtain the number capturing new multiple photons
Mesh.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, has the advantage that
1. the multi-photon number system that the embodiment of the present invention provides, by arranging comparator, by the reference voltage of comparator
The voltage being arranged to capture the output of multiple smooth period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m with photomultiplier tube is corresponding such that it is able to clearly count out photoelectricity times
Increase the photon number that pipe once captures, it is achieved multi-photon counts.And owing to counting is the comparison according to different reference voltages
Whether device has output valve to determine, it is not necessary to use the data collecting card of superelevation sample rate to come photomultiplier tube output voltage values
Sample, and the price of comparator well below the data collecting card of superelevation sample rate, thus to greatly reduce multi-photon
The cost of number system.
2. use multiple comparators and multiple enumerator to connect one to one, relative to using a multilevel comparator and
For the mode that the enumerator of individual multi input connects, relatively low to the requirement ratio of enumerator, it is only necessary to enumerator is receiving signal
Time produce counting, judge the change of incident photon according to the signal sequence of comparator output and the change class of enumerator, and need not
Value according to comparator determines that (enumerator using a multilevel comparator and a multi input connects to be needed according to multistage ratio
The output voltage values of relatively device determines that incident photon changes), simplify process logic, greatly reduce comparator sum counter
Design difficulty and cost.
3. the embodiment of the present invention provide multi-photon method of counting and device, by judging that multiple comparator has signal defeated
The comparator gone out produces whether the sequencing of output signal is normal sequence, can calculate the number newly capturing multi-photon
Time, the impact of impulse response hangover before elimination, thus improve the precision of multi-photon counting.
Accompanying drawing explanation
For the technical scheme being illustrated more clearly that in the specific embodiment of the invention, detailed description of the invention will be retouched below
In stating, the required accompanying drawing used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawing in describing below is some realities of the present invention
Execute mode, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to attached according to these
Figure obtains other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of a concrete example of multi-photon number system in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is the theory diagram of another concrete example of multi-photon number system in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the photomultiplier tube output signal of superposition phenomenon in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described enforcement
Example is a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, ordinary skill
The every other embodiment that personnel are obtained under not making creative work premise, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that term " first ", " second ", " the 3rd " etc. are only used for describing mesh
, and it is not intended that indicate or hint relative importance.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " is connected ", " even
Connect " should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be joined directly together, it is also possible to be indirectly connected to by intermediary, it is also possible to it is two units
Connection within part, can be wireless connections, it is also possible to be wired connection.For the ordinary skill in the art, may be used
Above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention is understood with concrete condition.
If additionally, the most non-structure of technical characteristic involved in invention described below difference embodiment
Become conflict just can be combined with each other.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of multi-photon number system, as it is shown in figure 1, include: multiple comparators 1, multiple binary system
Enumerator 2 and processor 3.Multiple can be two, three, four the most multiple, so the number for comparator is limited to
Four illustrated below.It is four with the number of comparator 1, binary counter 2 below to be illustrated.
Four comparators 1, the first input end of each comparator is all connected with the outfan of photomultiplier tube, the second input
End all connects reference voltage, and outfan all inputs with a binary counter are connected；Arranging of reference voltage can be passed through
Test of many times obtains optimal value, for example, it is possible to according to photomultiplier tube capture one, two ..., multiple smooth period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m defeated
The voltage gone out sets.Preferably, as it is shown in figure 1, be followed successively by the four, the three, the second from top to bottom, the first comparator, the first ratio
Compared with device for the generation the when the voltage that its first input end inputs is equal with the first reference voltage that its second input inputs
One signal also exports, and the voltage that described first reference voltage captures a light period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m output according to photomultiplier tube sets；The
Two comparators are for producing when the voltage that its first input end inputs is equal with the second reference voltage that its second input inputs
Raw secondary signal also exports, and the voltage that described second reference voltage captures two light period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m outputs according to photomultiplier tube sets
Fixed；3rd comparator is equal with the 3rd reference voltage that its second input inputs for the voltage inputted at its first input end
Time produce the 3rd signal exporting, described 3rd reference voltage captures the voltage of three light period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m outputs according to photomultiplier tube
Set；The 4th reference voltage phase that 4th comparator inputs with its second input for the voltage inputted at its first input end
Deng time produce the 4th signal exporting, described 4th reference voltage captures the electricity of four light period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m outputs according to photomultiplier tube
Pressure sets；Preferably, the reference voltage of comparator can be arranged by DAC and regulate, it is achieved change dynamically.Preferably,
The occurrence of reference voltage, corresponding to the assembly average of actual test value in experiment, compares precision to improve.Preferably, compare
Device 1 is the ultrahigh-speed comparator of band latch function, the comparator that such as model can be used to be MAX9692.
Four binary counters 2, the input of four binary counters defeated with four comparators correspondingly
Go out end connect, the outfan of four binary counters is all connected with the input of processor, binary counter be used for
Its comparator being connected carries out counting and exporting count value when having output；Preferably, as it is shown in figure 1, be followed successively by from top to bottom
Four, the three, the second, the first binary counter, the input of the first binary counter and the outfan of the first comparator are even
Connecing, the input of the second binary counter and the outfan of the second comparator connect, the input of the 3rd binary counter
Being connected with the outfan of the 3rd comparator, the input of the 4th binary counter and the outfan of the 4th comparator connect.Example
As, the model of binary counter can be SN54AS867.
Processor 3, obtains photomultiplier tube after calculating according to the count value of binary counter output and catches
The photon number arrived.Preferably, processor is the data acquisition unit of low sampling rate, such as, and numeral I/O card.In the present embodiment,
Processor 3 can be FPGA, it is also possible to be CPLD/DSP/ARM/MCU etc..
When there being a photon to be captured by photomultiplier tube, the only first comparator has output signal, other comparators
All non-output signals such as (such as second, third, the 4th comparator).When there being two photons to be captured by photomultiplier tube, first
Second comparator has output signal, then the first comparator has output signal, other comparators (the such as the 3rd, the 4th comparator etc.)
All non-output signals.When there being three photons to be captured by photomultiplier tube, first the 3rd comparator has output signal, then the second ratio
Relatively device has output signal, then the first comparator has output signal, and other comparators (the such as the 4th comparator etc.) are all without output letter
Number.When there being four photons to be captured by photomultiplier tube, first the 4th comparator has output signal, then the 3rd comparator has output
Signal, then the second comparator has output signal, then the first comparator has output signal, other comparators (the such as the 5th comparator
Deng) equal non-output signal.
Above-mentioned multi-photon number system, by arranging comparator, is arranged to the reference voltage of comparator and photomultiplier transit
The voltage that pipe captures four light period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m outputs is corresponding such that it is able to clearly count out what photomultiplier tube once captured
Photon number, it is achieved multi-photon counts.And owing to counting is whether the comparator according to different reference voltages has output valve
Determine, it is not necessary to use the data collecting card of superelevation sample rate that photomultiplier tube output voltage values is sampled, and compare
The price of device well below the data collecting card of superelevation sample rate, thus to greatly reduce the cost of multi-photon number system.
The embodiment of the present invention is by the way of utilizing multiple comparator, thus is equivalent to incite somebody to action on time domain or time shaft
The peak value of one impulse response constantly captures, thus the relatively accurate real peak restoring pulse, calculate and sentence
Disconnected number of photons.Prior art generally uses ultra-high-speed data acquisition card (such as sample frequency is at more than 1Gps), but such
Cost is the highest, and the business capture card of such parameter, the capture card cost of single passage is the highest, when multi pass acquisition
Waiting, cost is higher.The embodiment of the present invention then can carry out multi-Photon Excitation as a lower cost solution, on a timeline,
The comparator of different reference voltages produces output, finally can also restore the substantially waveform of response impulse on a timeline, or
The peak-peak that person is corresponding.
In the present embodiment, multiple comparator and multiple enumerator is used to connect one to one, multistage relative to employing one
For the mode that the enumerator of comparator and a multi input connects, relatively low to the requirement ratio of enumerator, it is only necessary to enumerator exists
Produce counting when receiving signal, judge the change of incident photon according to the signal sequence of comparator output and the change class of enumerator
Change, and need not determine according to the value of comparator that (enumerator using a multilevel comparator and a multi input connects needs
Output voltage values according to multilevel comparator determines that incident photon changes), simplify process logic, greatly reduce comparator
The design difficulty of sum counter and cost.
Preferably, as in figure 2 it is shown, multi-photon number system also includes: amplifier 4, its input and photomultiplier tube
Outfan connects, and its outfan first input end with each comparator respectively is connected, for by the output letter of photomultiplier tube
Number it is amplified and exports, it is achieved the fixed gain to output signal is amplified, to improve signal to noise ratio and multi-photon counting precision.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of multi-photon method of counting, such as, be applied to the processor in above-described embodiment 1, multi-photon
Method of counting comprises the following steps:
S1, receive multiple binary counter 2 output signal；
S2, basis receive the time order and function order of the signal of multiple binary counter 2 output, it is thus achieved that multiple comparators
The comparator having signal to export in 1 produces the time order and function order of output signal；
The comparator that S3, judgement have signal to export produces whether the time order and function order of output signal is normal sequence, just
Chang Shunxu is the output signal of photomultiplier tube when being the complete response pulse that single photon is injected, and increases described many over time
The output signal that the comparator having signal to export in individual comparator (1) the most sequentially produces according to reference voltage, then institute
The output signal that the comparator that stating has signal to export in multiple comparator (1) the most sequentially produces according to reference voltage time
Between sequencing；Such as, when the output signal of photomultiplier tube is the complete response pulse that single photon is injected, first compares
Device, the second comparator, the 3rd comparator, the 4th comparator are sequentially output signal, correspondingly, and the counting that the first comparator connects
Enumerator, the enumerator of the 4th comparator connection that device, the enumerator of the second comparator connection, the 3rd comparator connect increase successively
Adding counting, then, the 4th comparator has output signal, then the 3rd comparator has output signal, then the second comparator has output letter
Number, then the first comparator has output signal, correspondingly, and the counting that enumerator that the 4th comparator connects, the 3rd comparator connect
Enumerator, the enumerator of the first comparator connection that device, the second comparator connect increase counting successively.When being normal sequence,
Enter step S4；When not being normal sequence, during the most improper order, enter step S5, wherein, described in have the comparison that signal exports
Device produce output signal time order and function order be not described normal sequence represent described photomultiplier tube output signal not
During response terminates, the pulse having new photon to inject causes the superposition of the output signal of described photomultiplier tube.Work as light
One impulse response of electricity multiplier tube does not terminates and captures the new light period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, arises that output signal produces showing of superposition
As, the photomultiplier tube output signal of superposition phenomenon is as shown in Figure 3.For example, after producing superposition phenomenon, as originally the 3rd
After comparator has output, next should be that the second, first comparator has output, then have output at the 3rd comparator now
After, next there is the 4th comparator of more high reference voltage to have output, thus the output regarding as the 4th comparator indicates
New photon is caught in, and the amplitude of new photon is impulse response amplitude and the impulse response before of the most collected photon
The superposition value of hangover.
S4, obtain that to have maximum reference voltage level in the comparator that signal export to capture as photomultiplier tube new multiple
Produce value corresponding to output signal amplitude after photon, and calculate and obtain the number capturing new multiple photons.
S5, obtain and have maximum reference voltage level in the comparator that signal export and there is the comparator of maximum reference voltage level
The reference voltage level of the previous comparator having signal to export；
S6, reference voltage level according to the previous comparator having signal to export, calculate hangover superposition value；
S7, the difference of maximum reference voltage level with hangover superposition value is captured new multiple photons as photomultiplier tube
Value corresponding to rear generation output signal amplitude, and calculate to obtain and capture the number of new multiple photons.
Above-mentioned multi-photon method of counting, by judging that the comparator having signal to export in multiple comparator produces output signal
Sequencing whether be normal sequence, can calculate newly capture the number of multi-photon time, before elimination, impulse response is dragged
The impact of tail, thus improve the precision of multi-photon counting.
Embodiment 3
Corresponding to embodiment 2, the present embodiment provides a kind of multi-photon counting assembly, such as, be applied in above-described embodiment 1
Processor, multi-photon counting assembly includes:
Receive unit, for receiving the signal of multiple binary counter 2 output；
First obtains unit, for according to the time order and function order receiving signal, it is thus achieved that have signal in multiple comparators 1
The comparator of output produces the time order and function order of output signal；
Judging unit, the most whether the comparator having signal export described in judge produces the time order and function of output signal
Being normal sequence, described normal sequence is the output signal of photomultiplier tube when being the complete response pulse that single photon is injected,
The comparator that increasing over time has signal to export in the plurality of comparator (1) the most sequentially produces according to reference voltage
Output signal, the most the plurality of comparator (1) has the comparator that signal exports according to reference voltage the most sequentially
The time order and function order of the output signal produced；
Second obtains unit, is just for producing the time order and function order of output signal when the comparator having signal to export
During Chang Shunxu, it is thus achieved that have maximum reference voltage level in the comparator that signal exports to capture new multiple light as photomultiplier tube
Produce value corresponding to output signal amplitude after son, and calculate and obtain the number capturing new multiple photons.
3rd obtains unit, is not just for producing the time order and function order of output signal when the comparator having signal to export
During Chang Shunxu, it is thus achieved that have maximum reference voltage level in the comparator that signal exports and there is the comparator of maximum reference voltage level
The reference voltage level of the previous comparator having signal to export, wherein, described in have the comparator that signal exports to produce output signal
Time order and function order is not during described normal sequence represents that the output signal at described photomultiplier tube does not responds and terminates,
The pulse having new photon to inject causes the superposition of the output signal of described photomultiplier tube；
Computing unit, for the reference voltage level according to the previous comparator having signal to export, calculates hangover superposition value；
4th obtains unit, for the difference of maximum reference voltage level with hangover superposition value being captured as photomultiplier tube
After new multiple photons, produce value corresponding to output signal amplitude, and calculate and obtain the number capturing new multiple photons
Mesh.
Above-mentioned multi-photon counting assembly, by judging that the comparator having signal to export in multiple comparator produces output signal
Sequencing whether be normal sequence, can calculate newly capture the number of multi-photon time, before elimination, impulse response is dragged
The impact of tail, thus improve the precision of multi-photon counting.
Obviously, above-described embodiment is only for clearly demonstrating example, and not restriction to embodiment.Right
For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make on the basis of the above description other multi-form change or
Variation.Here without also cannot all of embodiment be given exhaustive.And the obvious change thus extended out or
Change among still in the protection domain of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. a multi-photon number system, it is characterised in that including:
Multiple comparators (1), the first input end of each comparator is all connected with the outfan of photomultiplier tube, the second input
All connecing reference voltage, outfan all inputs with a binary counter are connected, for input at its first input end
Output signal when voltage is equal with the reference voltage that its second input inputs；
Multiple binary counters (2), the input of multiple binary counters correspondingly with the output of multiple comparators
End connect, the outfan of multiple binary counters is all connected with the input of processor, binary counter be used for its
The comparator being connected carries out counting and exporting count value when having output；
Processor (3), obtains photomultiplier tube after calculating according to the count value of binary counter output and captures
Photon number.
Multi-photon number system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the number of the plurality of comparator (1) is
At least four, wherein the first comparator is joined with the first of its second input input for the voltage inputted at its first input end
Examine voltage equal time produce the first signal and export, described first reference voltage captures a light period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m according to photomultiplier tube
The voltage of output sets；Second comparator is for the voltage inputted at its first input end and the second of its second input input
Producing secondary signal when reference voltage is equal and export, described second reference voltage captures two photons according to photomultiplier tube
Time output voltage set；3rd comparator is for the of the voltage that inputs at its first input end and the input of its second input
Producing the 3rd signal when three reference voltages are equal and export, described 3rd reference voltage captures three light according to photomultiplier tube
The voltage of period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m output sets；4th comparator is for the voltage inputted at its first input end and the input of its second input
Producing the 4th signal when 4th reference voltage is equal and export, described 4th reference voltage captures four according to photomultiplier tube
The voltage of light period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m output sets.
Multi-photon number system the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that described comparator (1) is that band latches merit
The ultrahigh-speed comparator of energy.
4. according to the multi-photon number system described in any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that described processor is low sampling
The data acquisition unit of rate.
5. according to the multi-photon number system described in any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that also include:
Amplifier (4), its input is connected with the outfan of photomultiplier tube, its outfan respectively with the first of each comparator
Input connects, for the output signal of photomultiplier tube being amplified and exporting.
6. a multi-photon method of counting, is applied to processor, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Receive the signal that multiple binary counter (2) exports；
According to the time order and function order receiving described signal, it is thus achieved that the comparator having signal to export in multiple comparators (1) produces
The time order and function order of raw output signal；
Whether the time order and function order having the comparator that signal exports to produce output signal described in judgement is normal sequence, described just
Chang Shunxu is the output signal of photomultiplier tube when being the complete response pulse that single photon is injected, and increases described many over time
The output signal that the comparator having signal to export in individual comparator (1) the most sequentially produces according to reference voltage, then institute
The output signal that the comparator that stating has signal to export in multiple comparator (1) the most sequentially produces according to reference voltage time
Between sequencing；
When the time order and function order that the described comparator having signal to export produces output signal is described normal sequence, it is thus achieved that have
In the comparator of signal output, maximum reference voltage level produces output letter after capturing new multiple photons as photomultiplier tube
Value number corresponding to amplitude, and calculate and obtain the number capturing new multiple photons.
Multi-photon method of counting the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that further comprising the steps of:
When the time order and function order that the described comparator having signal to export produces output signal is not described normal sequence, it is thus achieved that
There is maximum reference voltage level in the comparator that signal exports and there is the previous of comparator of maximum reference voltage level have signal defeated
The reference voltage level of the comparator gone out, wherein, described in have the comparator that signal exports to produce the time order and function order of output signal
It not, during described normal sequence represents that the output signal at described photomultiplier tube does not responds and terminates, to have new photon to penetrate
The pulse entered causes the superposition of the output signal of described photomultiplier tube；
According to the reference voltage level of the described previous comparator having signal to export, calculate hangover superposition value；
The difference of maximum reference voltage level with hangover superposition value is captured generation after new multiple photons as photomultiplier tube
Value corresponding to output signal amplitude, and calculate to obtain and capture the number of new multiple photons.
8. a multi-photon counting assembly, is applied to processor, it is characterised in that including:
Receive unit, be used for receiving the signal that multiple binary counter (2) exports；
First obtains unit, for according to the time order and function order receiving described signal, it is thus achieved that multiple comparators have letter in (1)
Number output comparator produce output signal time order and function order；
Judging unit, the comparator having signal export described in judge produces whether the time order and function of output signal is just sequentially
Chang Shunxu, described normal sequence is the output signal of photomultiplier tube when being the complete response pulse that single photon is injected, along with
Time increase the comparator that has signal to export in the plurality of comparator (1) according to reference voltage the most sequentially produce defeated
Going out signal, the comparator having signal to export in the most the plurality of comparator (1) the most sequentially produces according to reference voltage
Output signal time order and function order；
Second obtains unit, for when described in have the comparator that signal export to produce output signal time order and function be sequentially described
During normal sequence, it is thus achieved that have maximum reference voltage level in the comparator that signal exports to capture as photomultiplier tube new multiple
Produce value corresponding to output signal amplitude after photon, and calculate and obtain the number capturing new multiple photons.
Multi-photon counting assembly the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that also include:
3rd obtains unit, for when described in have the comparator that signal export to produce output signal time order and function be not sequentially institute
When stating normal sequence, it is thus achieved that have maximum reference voltage level in the comparator that signal exports and there is the comparison of maximum reference voltage level
The reference voltage level of the previous comparator having signal to export of device, wherein, described in have the comparator that signal exports to produce output letter
Number time order and function order be not that described normal sequence represents that the output signal at described photomultiplier tube does not responds the mistake of end
Cheng Zhong, the pulse having new photon to inject causes the superposition of the output signal of described photomultiplier tube；
Computing unit, for the reference voltage level according to the described previous comparator having signal to export, calculates hangover superposition value；
4th obtains unit, for the difference of maximum reference voltage level with hangover superposition value being captured newly as photomultiplier tube
Multiple photons after produce value corresponding to output signal amplitude, and calculate and obtain the number capturing new multiple photons.
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