CN107101732A - A kind of software photon correlator and its measuring method - Google Patents
A kind of software photon correlator and its measuring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of software photon correlator and measuring method, includes：Photomultiplier, for the scattered light signal received to be converted into photonic pulsed signals；Photon collection device, including photon counting module and FIFO memory, the photon counting module carry out alternately counting using double-counting pattern to the photonic pulsed signals of photomultiplier, and FIFO memory receives the enumeration data of photon counting module；PC ends correlation module, receives the one count data of the FIFO memory of photon collection device, and carries out correlation operation.The counting free of discontinuities for realizing photon pulse is alternately counted by two counters, and utilize the FIFO mechanism of FIFO memory, a data are filled when often crossing a sampling in FIFO memory, and when data reach certain data volume in FIFO, data take a part of data away by PC ends computing module, and correlation calculations are carried out, the uninterrupted counting of a large amount of number of photons is realized, and real-time operation speed is improved using the high operational capability in PC ends.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to photon correlation spectroscopy field of measuring technique, and in particular to a kind of software photon correlator and measurement side
Method.
Background technology
Photon correlator is the device for the correlation function for extracting scattered light signal.In order to which the Annual distribution to photon pulse enters
Row statistics and data processing.One photon correlator is often by a time delay t, to being received in time delay to photon arteries and veins
Punching is counted.The enumeration data n (kt) after k times postpones is obtained, passes through the data phase of delay with itself or other signals with it
Multiply and add up.So as to obtain auto-correlation function of the light intensity on the time.
Calculated for this, hardware correlator and software correlator can be used.
For hardware correlator, the correlation calculations of photonic pulsed signals are completed by hardware circuit.
For example, there is provided a kind of photon phase based on field programmable gate array in patent document 1 (CN101726452A)
Device is closed, the hardware that can be used for light intensity auto-correlation function in photon correlation spectroscopy technology is realized, when reaching sampling time, related operation
Between it is adjustable, delay number of active lanes meets nano particle measurement and the requirement of inverting；In patent document 2 (CN102313604A),
A kind of adaptive photon correlator based on CPLD and field programmable gate array is provided；In patent document
Can be by photon phase there is provided a kind of multiplexing photon correlator based on field programmable gate array in 3 (CN104792670A)
Close spectral measurement methodses and expand to three-dimensional space measurement from traditional spot measurement, so as to for dynamic light scattering two dimension, three
Dimension is imaged, the field such as multiple spot dynamic light scattering signal monitoring.
At present, domestic more hardware correlator is mainly Brookhaven companies of the import U.S. BI-9000AT, BI-
9010AT and Turbocorr digital correlators, German ALV companies ALV-6000, ALV-7000 series digit correlator and the U.S.
The series correlator such as FLEX02 provided on www.correlator.com websites.
Although hardware photon correlator, real-time is good, it is widely used, has the following disadvantages：
1st, can not trace back back the initial data before related operation；
2nd, sampling time adjustment is difficult, and often only several representative values are available
3rd, port number is more, and increase passage more consumes hardware resource.A large amount of multipliers can cause design with shift register
The Timing Constraints that chip can be born can not be met.
For software photon correlator, refer to by the way that the number of photons storage being sampled in memory, is passed through computer journey
Sequence reads enumeration data, and then carries out the correlator of data processing.Therefore, during sampling and data processing method can be neatly
Setting and amendment.But following two technological difficulties limit software photon correlator：
1st, coffret speed；
2nd, software processing capability in real time.
This make it that processing time needed for the way of software correlator is longer than processing time needed for hardware, and when a large amount of
Number of photons be read progress computing when, photon survey can be suspended, and cause efficiency of loading low, poor real.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for above-mentioned problems of the prior art, it is proposed that a kind of software photon correlator
And its measuring method, the uninterrupted counting of a large amount of number of photons is realized, and improve real-time operation speed.
To reach the purpose of foregoing invention, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of software photon correlator, receives the laser scattered through sample cell, including：
Photomultiplier, for the scattered light signal received to be converted into photonic pulsed signals；
Photon collection device, including photon counting module and FIFO memory, the photon counting module use double-counting mould
Formula carries out alternately counting to the photonic pulsed signals of photomultiplier, and FIFO memory receives the count number of photon counting module
According to；
PC ends correlation module, receives the one count data of the FIFO memory of photon collection device, and carries out phase
The computing of closing property.
Invention additionally discloses a kind of software photon correlator measuring method, including step is as follows：
Step 1, the scattered light signal received by photomultiplier river is converted to constant amplitude photonic pulsed signals；
Step 2, free of discontinuities count is carried out to photon pulse using alternating sampling method；
Step 3, after the completion of sampling each time, under control of a sampling clock, by enumeration data feeding FIFO storages
Device；
Step 4, judge whether FIFO memory reaches data storage amount threshold value, be, a portion data output is given
PC ends correlation module；
Step 5, the correlation of photon counter data is calculated in real time, and exports correlation curve；
Step 6, judge whether to receive stopping measurement instruction, emptied if being and stop software photon correlator, otherwise entered
Enter step 4.
A kind of software photon correlator and its measuring method of the present invention, replaces counting by two counters and realizes photon
The counting free of discontinuities of pulse, and using the FIFO mechanism of FIFO memory, filled out when often crossing a sampling in FIFO memory
A data are filled, and when data reach certain data volume in FIFO, data take a part of data away by PC ends computing module,
And correlation calculations are carried out, the uninterrupted counting of a large amount of number of photons is realized, and real-time operation is improved using the high operational capability in PC ends
Speed.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of system construction drawing of software photon correlator of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of hardware configuration of the photon collection device of software photon correlator of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the circuit module figure built in Fig. 2 FPGA.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the photon counting module shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the DMA control modules shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a kind of data transfer mode schematic diagram of software photon correlator of the present invention.
The step of Fig. 7 is a kind of software photon correlator measuring method of the invention is schemed.
Fig. 8 is the timing diagram of the real-time measurement pattern of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the program flow diagram of the real-time measurement pattern of the embodiment of the present invention.
The timing diagram that Figure 10 measures for the single measurement pattern of the embodiment of the present invention.
The program flow diagram that Figure 11 measures for the single measurement pattern of the embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the schematic diagram at the PC ends Survey Software interface of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, shown
So, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.
It is the system construction drawing of the embodiment of the present invention referring to Fig. 1, it discloses a kind of software photon correlator, for receiving
The scattered light signal scattered through sample cell 2, in a particular embodiment, laser equipment 1 send laser through sample cell 2, the sample
Sample solution a is filled in pond 2.
The software correlator of the present invention includes：
Photomultiplier 3, for the scattered light signal received to be converted into photonic pulsed signals；In the present embodiment,
Photomultiplier 3 also includes to amplify the signal amplification circuit of photonic pulsed signals and photonic pulsed signals is screened
Discriminator circuit；
Photon collection device 4, referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 6, including photon counting module R31 and FIFO memory R41, the photon
Counting module R31 carries out alternately counting, FIFO memory using double-counting pattern to the photonic pulsed signals of photomultiplier 3
R41 receives photon counting module R31 enumeration data；
PC ends correlation module 5, receives the FIFO memory R41 of photon correlator 4 one count data, goes forward side by side
Row correlation operation.
The photon collection device 4 sets photon pulse defeated in the present embodiment, including on the wall of a shell R5, shell R5 side
Incoming interface R11 and transmission control instruction and photon counter data USB interface R12, set circuit board R2, electricity inside shell R5
Road plate R2 and photon pulse input interface R11, USB interface R12 are communicated to connect, the circuit board R2 provided with fpga chip R3,
Photon counting module R31, MCU chip R4 are solidified with MCU chip R4 and protection circuit (not shown), the fpga chip R3
Inside include FIFO memory R41, the collection of number of photons is realized by photon counting module R31, is stored by FIFO memory
Pulse information comprising photon counter data.The photon pulse input interface R11 is input, for return pulse signal,
Its joint can use bnc interface or SMA interfaces.The USB interface R12 is input/output terminal, for photon collection device with calculating
The communication of machine.
In the present embodiment, the double-counting pattern that the photon counting module R31 is used, referring to Fig. 4, specially using two
Individual counter C1 and C2 alternating samplings are counted, i.e., by the input to CLKADD ends fixed frequency, counter C1 and counter C2
Alternation is counted to the photonic pulsed signals at PhotonPluse ends.The cycle of its alternation is entered by the signal at CD ends
Row control.After the completion of a counting cycle, number of photons is latched, empties and closes counter C1 (or counter C2), simultaneously
Another counter, output end D output photons enumeration data and output sync pulse signal CLKOUT are opened, photon arteries and veins is realized
The counting free of discontinuities of punching.
As another specific embodiment, referring to Fig. 3, on the basis of above-mentioned photon collection device 4, the fpga chip R3
Inside also it is solidified with sampling time control module R32, direct memory access control module R34 and I/O control module R35；It is therein
Direct memory access control module R34 is abbreviated as DMA control modules R34；
Referring to Fig. 5, the sampling time control module R32 includes decoder and dual port random access memory (is write a Chinese character in simplified form
For dual port RAM), the data terminal DA and address end AA of the dual port RAM then connect outside MCU chip R4, data terminal DB and address end
AB then connects decoder；The control instruction that the decoder reception MCU chip or PC ends are sent is parsed into control signal, exports to double
Mouth random access memory, MCU module reads control signal from dual port random access memory, and is transported to direct memory visit
Ask control module and photon meter digital-to-analogue.
The control instruction includes the instruction of inquiry FIFO memory state and controls the finger in photon counter sampling interval
Order.
The DMA control modules R34, for connecting external FIFO, when obtaining write-in FIFO authorities, accesses photon counting
Module R31 output port, and photon counter data is filled into the memory space of FIFO memory；DMA control modules R34 is also
Fifo status is exported to inquire about for MCU chip R4 or PC ends；
The I/O control module R35 provides MCU chip access DMA control modules R34 interface, that is, provides access FPGA cores
Piece R3 interface.
Referring to Fig. 6, MCU chip accesses sampling time control module R34 by DMA control modules R34, with writing commands simultaneously
And reading state word.DMA control modules R34 reads the control signal of sampling time control module R34 parsing, and exports to other
Module, and write photon correlator state.For example：Computer sends the sampling interval of order control counter, decoder solution
DMA control modules R34 is to counting module arrange parameter after analysis instruction；Computer sends command queries correlator fifo status, translates
Whether DMA control modules R34 is fully written to dual port RAM write-in FIFO after code device analysis instruction.
Before above-mentioned software correlator is measured, it is necessary first to open photomultiplier to PC ends correlation module 5
Data link, correlator is initialized and set respectively.
Referring to Fig. 6, the initialization of correlator：
The first step, photon collection device 4 are firstly inserted into computer, obtain electric energy, MCU chip R4 response computer usb protocols,
Equipment is completed to enumerate, carry is on the usb bus；
Second step, fpga chip R3 and MCU chip R4 complete interface initialization, and fpga chip R3 is by DMA control modules R34
The order control that interface is sent, fpga chip is connected with the FIFO memory R41 in MCU chip R4；
3rd step, MCU chip R4 and PC ends correlation module 5 complete USB interface initialization, and MCU chip R4 is to PC
End correlation module 5 provide two-way low speed end points EP1 receive computer software send instruct and respond；MCU chip R4
The data for providing unidirectional high speed end points EP2 transmitting fifo memories R41 to PC ends correlation module 5 complete related to PC
The initialization of device.
The setting of software correlator：
User is sent to USB end points EP1 by PC ends correlation module 5 and instructed, and instruction is transmitted to by MCU decodings
FPGA.FPGA takes corresponding measure by decoding, for example：It is 7 delicate to receive the setting sampling time, a length of 180 seconds during sampling.It is right
Corresponding module is configured.
When user is inquired by software to USB end points EP1, instruction is decoded by MCU chip R4, to corresponding module
Inquired about, computer is replied by USB end points EP1.For example reply FIFO less than.
Referring to Figure 12, it is the control interface and correlation curve display interface of PC ends correlation module 5, passes through interface
The setting of upper correspondence option, control instruction is sent to MCU chip.
It is as follows referring to Fig. 7, including step invention additionally discloses a kind of software photon correlator measuring method：
Step 1, the scattered light signal received by photomultiplier river is converted to constant amplitude photonic pulsed signals；
Step 2, free of discontinuities count is carried out to photon pulse using alternating sampling method；
Step 3, after the completion of sampling each time, under control of a sampling clock, by enumeration data feeding FIFO storages
Device；
Step 4, judge whether FIFO memory reaches data storage amount threshold value, be, a portion data output is given
PC ends correlation module；
Step 5, the correlation of photon counter data is calculated in real time, and exports correlation curve；Pass through the phase of auto-correlation function
Curve is closed, the granular size and distribution situation in solution a can be calculated by inversion program；One is obtained in computer
After divided data, this partial data carries out correlation calculations, while hard disk is write data into, due to FIFO memory after related operation
Still it is not filled, the data in FIFO memory are read in time again, so data acquisition is not interrupted；
Step 6, judge whether to receive stopping measurement instruction, emptied if being and stop software correlator, otherwise enter step
Rapid 4.
The alternating sampling method of the step 2 is alternately to constant amplitude photon arteries and veins using the first sampling clock and the second sampling clock
Rush signal and carry out counting free of discontinuities, first sampling clock and the second sampling clock replace according to the control of sampled clock signal
Sampling, and enumeration data is latched into output.
The step 3 also includes the write-in authority and storage state for obtaining FIFO memory；When write-in authority is allowance shape
During state, enumeration data is write into FIFO memory；The storage state of acquisition is occurred to PC ends for monitoring.
Referring to Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, for real-time measurement pattern, after the completion of sampling each time, in the control of sampled clock signal
Under, count results are sent into FIFO memory by counter；Meanwhile, computer start timing read FIFO memory in data simultaneously
Correlation operation is carried out, correlation curve is exported in real time.
Referring to Figure 10 and Figure 11, for single measurement pattern, after computer obtains a part of data, data are first write
Hard disk.Terminate when gathering, then data are subjected to once overall correlation calculations, obtain correlation curve.
Referring to Figure 12, it is the control interface and correlation curve display interface of PC ends correlation module 5, passes through interface
The setting of upper correspondence option, control instruction is sent to MCU chip.
Above-described embodiment only not limits technical scheme described in the invention to illustrate the present invention；Therefore, although
This specification is with reference to each above-mentioned embodiment to present invention has been detailed description, still, the ordinary skill of this area
Personnel should be appreciated that still can modify or equivalent substitution to the present invention；And all do not depart from the present invention spirit and
The technical scheme of scope and its improvement, it all should cover among scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of software photon correlator, receives the laser scattered through sample cell, it is characterised in that including：
Photomultiplier, for the scattered light signal received to be converted into photonic pulsed signals；
Photon collection device, including photon counting module and FIFO memory, the photon counting module use double-counting pattern pair
The photonic pulsed signals of photomultiplier carry out alternately counting, and FIFO memory receives the enumeration data of photon counting module；
PC ends correlation module, receives the one count data of the FIFO memory of photon collection device, and carries out correlation
Computing.
2. software photon correlator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the photon counting module includes the first meter
Number device, the second counter and latch, the photon pulse of first counter and the second counter alternately to photomultiplier
Signal is counted, and the latch is used to after a counting cycle latch photon counter data.
3. software photon correlator according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the photon collection device also includes sampling
Time control module, to receive control instruction, and controls the sampling interval of photon counting module.
4. software photon correlator according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the photon collection device also includes IO controls
Molding block, to Access Control instruction.
5. software photon correlator according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the photon collection device also includes directly
Memory access control module, is deposited to connect FIFO memory, and by the data output end access FIFO of photon counting module
Reservoir；And output fifo memory state is for inquiry.
6. software photon correlator according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the sampling time control module includes solution
Code device and dual port random access memory, the decoder receive the control instruction of I/O control module access and are parsed into control letter
Number, export to dual port random access memory, and adjust the sampling period of photon counting module；Outside MCU chip or PC ends are logical
Cross direct memory access control module and read control signal from dual port random access memory.
7. software photon correlator according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the control instruction includes inquiry FIFO and deposited
The instruction of reservoir state and the instruction for controlling the photon counter sampling interval.
8. a kind of software photon correlator measuring method, applied to the software photon correlation described in claim 1 to 7 any one
Device, it is characterised in that as follows including step：
Step 1, the scattered light signal received by photomultiplier river is converted to constant amplitude photonic pulsed signals；
Step 2, free of discontinuities count is carried out to photon pulse using alternating sampling method；
Step 3, after the completion of sampling each time, under control of a sampling clock, enumeration data is sent into FIFO memory；
Step 4, judge whether FIFO memory reaches data storage amount threshold value, be then to give PC ends by a portion data output
Correlation module；
Step 5, the correlation of photon counter data is calculated in real time, and exports correlation curve；
Step 6, judge whether to receive stopping measurement instruction, emptied if being and stop software correlator, otherwise into step 4.
9. software photon correlator measuring method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the alternating of the step 2 is adopted
Sample method is that alternately constant amplitude photonic pulsed signals are carried out with counting free of discontinuities using the first sampling clock and the second sampling clock, described
First sampling clock and the second sampling clock latch enumeration data defeated according to the control alternating sampling of sampled clock signal
Go out.
10. software photon correlator measuring method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the step 3 also includes obtaining
Take the write-in authority and storage state of FIFO memory；When it is admission status to write authority, enumeration data write-in FIFO is deposited
Reservoir；The storage state of acquisition is occurred to PC ends for monitoring.
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Application publication date: 20170829 |