CN106119636A - A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 blade wheel and extrusion process thereof - Google Patents
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 blade wheel and extrusion process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106119636A CN106119636A CN201610493184.9A CN201610493184A CN106119636A CN 106119636 A CN106119636 A CN 106119636A CN 201610493184 A CN201610493184 A CN 201610493184A CN 106119636 A CN106119636 A CN 106119636A
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 blade wheel, it is characterised in that: main constituent content by weight percentage: manganese Mn :≤2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%～0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%～8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%, molybdenum Mo:0.05% 0.1%；Lewis Acids and Bases is to total amount 1% × 10‑4～2.0%, making alloy mean grain size ＜ 120 microns, surplus is aluminum Al.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 blade wheel and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron (abbreviation magnesium iron) be widely used in manufacture transmission case body, pump case, cylinder body, piston, wheel hub, driving member,
The part that tumbler equal strength high-wearing feature is good；Magnesium iron is the most of many uses, and also residing in it has the standard brand of segmentation, often
Plant the trade mark and define more strict accurate chemical composition combination, specification of heat treatment parameter, mechanical property and physical index etc., from
And correspond to segmentation application category.It is shown in Table 1.
Mechanical property that the spheroidal graphite cast-iron trade mark that table 1 GB/T 1348 determines is corresponding and tissue
The mechanical performance index of magnesium iron and classification thereof, can as aluminum alloy materials innovative design, carry high performance to mark basis, with
Time can be as the comparison passage of " with aluminum for steel ", it may be assumed that if aluminium alloy can substitute certain trade mark magnesium iron, then substitute further with
The steel that this trade mark performance is close, just be enough to lead a kind of trend or fashion in industrial circle.Realize substituting weight with light strong structure strong
Structure.
From the perspective of natural characteristic and experience accumulation, aluminium alloy has a multiple advantage compared with magnesium iron:
1. aluminum has fabulous cryogenic property, has unique advantage at low temperature environment as structural material, magnesium iron then with
Temperature reduces and gradually occurs by toughness to the transformation of fragility, and especially below brittle transition temperature, its impact resistance drastically declines, very
To " low-temperature brittle fracture " occurs.
2. aluminium alloy specific strength is high, has good fracture toughness and (weighs metal material expansion unexpected to crackle to resist
Power), and magnesium iron counter stress concentrates sensitivity strong, can cause fracture suddenly.
3. due to aluminum and aluminium alloy are nonmagnetic substance thus electromagnetism interference performance is good, and magnesium iron is in the temperature of biological existence
In the range of be all good magnetic material, easily by electromagnetic interference.
4. the corrosion resistance of aluminium alloy itself significantly larger than iron and steel and be more suitable for carrying out high-tech surface anticorrosion and decoration
Close-coupled processing.
5. aluminium alloy is to the wettability of water well below iron and steel, thus low temperature sleety weather aluminum surface will not be as steel surface
It is susceptible to sleet ice attached weightening finish phenomenon like that.
6. aluminum alloying and Technology for Heating Processing relatively magnesium iron and steel are simple, and the alloying temperature of aluminum is generally below 750
DEG C, heat treatment temperature is between 150～600 DEG C, and bulb ferroalloy temperature is more than 1400 DEG C, heat treatment temperature then 500～
1000 DEG C, consume and discharge is aluminum several times or even more than ten times.
7. comparing from processing technique, aluminum can obtain the part of complicated shape or section easily, and uses ball
The part of this complexity of ironworking needs more operation and equipment can consume more higher power than aluminum.
8. aluminium alloy is less than magnesium iron inertia, equips more advantage frequently in start and stop.
These steel aforementioned shortcoming and the unique superior quality of aluminum, the marked improvement for " with aluminum for steel " provides
The basis of reality that civilization of human society progress is pursued.
In the technology upgrading of " with aluminum for steel ", in order to give full play to aluminium alloy with " gently " advantageous characteristic as representative, must
Its aspect in " by force " must be made to have tremendous development, could significantly expand its use field.This just requires must be at aluminium alloy green wood
First make a breakthrough in material design.
The method close examination prepared from material, material behavior is obtained by functional microcosmic thing is combined, needs to obtain good
Functional thing is combined, such as high intensity, high-ductility, high rigidity, corrosion-resistant etc., is the termination pursued of various preparation method
Really, therefore there is close internal integrity in the Design of Chemical Composition of aluminium alloy and its technology of preparing, is how a kind of atom is tied
The relation of " thing phase molecule " needed for synthesis.Aluminium alloy each formula element is to form material thing phase molecule to combine by melting mixing
The major contributing link of structure, after process of setting, crystal grain determines the crystalline substance of alloy mutually with the intermetallic compound molecule thing of crystal boundary
State combination (submicron particles: about yardstick 10～300 μm), subsequent heat treatment is (micro-to fine structure under crystalline state group frame
Scale particles: about yardstick 1～30 μm) or even precise and tiny structure (Subnano-class or the sub-micron grade particle: yardstick of more microcosmic
10nm～＜ 1 μm) it is adjusted and perfect.
On engineer applied, the size shape of metallic compound on aluminium alloy grain size and shape and crystal boundary, to alloy
Mechanical property have conclusive impact.Irregular crystals such as thick plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal and be distributed in crystal boundary
Thick brittle property intermetallic compound, it is possible to the obdurability of matrix is contributed by the fine structure that alloy is good and precise and tiny structure
All balancing out, the most conventional rotten means and the means of crystal grain thinning, best effect can only make mean grain size refine to
120～150 microns, and the form of dendrite does not often have basic transformation, this be alloy mechanical property improve further important
Bottleneck problem.Improve for enabling aluminum alloy to acquisition intensity and toughness simultaneously, the most only carry out refinement and the rounding of crystal grain
Further refinement and the mean grain size of rounding alloy, is the target pursued all the time of industrial circle.
Scan thoroughly by aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy being up to the spherical aberration correction of the very high resolution of 0.08nm
Penetrate ultramicroscope (STEM) precise and tiny constituency to analyze, it is thus achieved that set up various phase structures on an atomic scale, Atomic Resolution
It is distributed with chemical element.Confirm wherein there is a series of hardening constituent, including well-known Al-Cu binary metastable phase (GP district,
θ ＂, θ ＇), new disc phase and balance phase θ (Al2Cu)；Wherein inside matrix grain, new discovery one rod forked (T+ θ H) group
Closing phase, the trunk portion T-phase of this combination phase is Al-Cu-Mn ternary phase, molecular structural formula Al20Cu2Mn3, molecule phase character is
Diameter about 100nm, length about 600～1000nm are { the 010} face coherence in mandrel shape and its (010) face and alloy matrix aluminum；And T
Mutually around apposition growth size is compared with the secondary phase of Al-Cu binary of big (thickness about 20nm, be about 50nm), due to this secondary phase with
In matrix, other Al-Cu metastable phase (GP district, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc phase) compares, and structurally has very big difference, particularly
Thickness is thicker much than other Al-Cu metastable phase, and therefore the present invention is referred to as θ H phase, its molecular structural formula Alx(x is likely less than Cu
2), it is a kind of rich Cu molecule.
Theoretical according to alloy strengthening, the intensity of alloy is embodied in interface or dislocation movement by slip is hindered by particle, hinders more
Strong intensity is the biggest, walks around that particle leaves dislocation ring and to continue the obstruction of sliding the strongest.For aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy,
The Al-Cu Binary-phase in GP district is the main intensifying factor of alloy, along with the binary Al-Cu metastable phase of θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc shaped
Grow up, when disc is big to a certain extent (thickness only has 1～3nm to diameter more than 150nm), play maximum and hinder dislocation movement by slip energy
Power, the contribution bigger to the elongation percentage holding of matrix.
As it was previously stated, the blade wheel that tradition magnesium iron (QT500) makes, during actual manufacture, use below existence
Defect:
1. relatively low because of magnesium iron elongation percentage, the sensitivity that counter stress is concentrated substantially increases, and deforms after showing as surrendering
Measure less easy fracture, cause the accident.
2. magnesium iron heat treatment process is complicated, equipment technology requirement is high, and consumes and discharge the biggest.
3. along the whole life cycle of parts application, magnesium iron lacks because of big, heavy, perishable, the easy brittle failure of its inertia etc.
Falling into, its material consumption, energy consumption and maintenance cost are higher than very much, and its value recycled is relatively low.
Aluminium alloy vane wheel has no correlational study at home, because the limitation of common aluminum alloy basic material, its mechanics
Performance is relatively low, especially high-temperature heat-resistance performance, and the temperature born is less than 300 DEG C, has a strong impact on the life-span, even adds safety wind
Danger.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: provide a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 blade wheel and preparation thereof
Method, wherein adds Lewis Acids and Bases pair, effectively expedites the emergence of critical nucleus (obtaining equiax crystal), make alloy obtain before curing
The good combined structure of molecule thing ((T+ θ H) combines phase), promotes alloy crystalline state optimization, enable aluminum alloy to base material realize 500MPa and
Higher strength grade, thus reach to produce the Al-alloy products substituting QT500 blade wheel.
The technical scheme is that a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 blade wheel, main constituent content by weight hundred
Proportion by subtraction meter: manganese Mn :≤2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%～0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%～8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%, molybdenum Mo:
0.05%-0.1%；Lewis Acids and Bases is to total amount 1% × 10-4～2.0%, making alloy mean grain size ＜ 120 microns, surplus is aluminum
Al。
Described alloy grain is equiax crystal.
In described alloy grain, sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1/square micron.
Described Lewis Acids and Bases is to for one or more in metallic hydrogen compound, metal halogen compound, main group dvielement
Mixing.
Described metal halogen compound: include four chloro cobalt anion body [CoCl4]2-。
Described metal halogen compound, including beryllium hydride BeH2。
Described Lewis Acids and Bases pair, accounts for Al matrix percentage by weight by element addition, and scope is: 0.4% ＜ Si ＜
1.6%, BeH2＜ 0.1%, W ＜ 0.1%, [CoCl4]2-＜ 0.1%.
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 blade wheel, comprises the steps of
(1) in the range of aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases is to, element ratio, selected one group of combinations of substances, determine weight ratio, as required
The alloy total amount of preparation, extrapolates the weight of every kind of required material；
(2) adding aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating is also incubated more than 700 DEG C；
(3) adding manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, molybdenum Mo stirs, and adds selected Lewis Acids and Bases pair, or adds selected Louis
This acid-base pair combines, and stirs；
(4) then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining；
(5) remove the gred after refine, stand, sample analysis alloy composition, adjust chemical composition to regulation according to analysis result
In deviation range；Homoiothermic is to more than 650 DEG C, and aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, online degasification, slagging-off；
(6) hot top casting: aluminium alloy is cast as pole；
(7) extruded: pole is through being squeezed into blade blank.
Described hot top casts, and step is as follows:
(1) chute and shunting disk are preheating to suitable temperature；
(2) melt proceeds to shunting disk from holding furnace through chute；
(3) opening cooling water, start casting machine, dummy bar head moves down；
(4) adjusting casting speed 80-140 mm/min, dummy bar head moves down along vertical shaft, and melt passes through chute and shunting disk
Flow into crystallizer coagulation forming；
(5) stop casting machine after having cast, close cooling water；
(6) dig shunting disk and hang out aluminium bar, be incorporated to stove homogenizing.
Described extruded, step is as follows
(1) mould and compression tool are preheating to suitable temperature；
(2) heating aluminium bar >=400 DEG C, and put into recipient；
(3) by pressure, aluminium bar is cooled down after mould is extruded；
(4) appearance quality detection: size, crackle；
(5) solution treatment: extrusion is sent into solid solution furnace, carries out less than 550 DEG C solution treatment, enters shrend after being incubated at once
Fire；
(6) ageing strengthening: the goods completing solution treatment are sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening process, time below 230 DEG C
Effect strengthening, natural cooling of coming out of the stove after insulation；
(7) sample analysis test checking；
(8) Practical Performance checking.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: by using lewis' theory of acids and bases, make Lewis Acids and Bases at aluminium alloy melt ring
Border occurs to disintegrate and convert, with the abundant disturbance of (0.1nm～10nm range scale) in providing the hyperfine microcell of melt and activation
Effect, reaches to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus and is formed in a large number, makes alloy grain degree be refined further, shape more rounding；The most excellent
Change very small areas (micron order: about yardstick 1～30 μm) and precise and tiny region (Subnano-class or sub-micron grade particle: yardstick 10nm
～＜ 1 μm) thing phase molecule combinative structure, increase (T+ θ H) combination content in alloy substrate, enable aluminum alloy to matrix strong
Degree obtains big lifting, is well controlled between 400～600MPa in yield strength, and this is the engineering that the invention solves the problems that
Application problem, i.e. alternate series ductile iron material and goods.
Cation body and anion body, as Louis " acid-base pair ", occur to divide in the hot environment of aluminium alloy melt
Solving, generate lewis acid and lewis base, the incipient bubble only one of which of the gaseous material formation 1. decomposing release under high temperature is divided
Sub-size (less than 1nm, i.e. secondary nanophase), specific surface area is maximum, has the disturbance ability of extremely strong activity and nanometer range, makes
In one-tenth melt superfinishing microcell, nuclear energy rises and falls, structure rises and falls and composition fluctuations, promotes neighbouring more polyatom to cross over crystallization gesture
Build, form a large amount of critical nucleus, be better than the effect of common alterant such as aluminum titanium boron；Positive and negative ion body is in secondary nanometer range simultaneously
Superfinishing microcell in disturbance and activation effect, conventional additional purification bubble (diameter be more than 0.5mm) cannot realize；2. decompose
Metallic atom or the cation of release have the volume less than part and bigger specific surface area, its disturbance to neighboring atom
Higher with activation effect, the superfinishing microcell state caused rises and falls more significantly, to intermetallic compound reaction of formation catalysis and conjunction
Auri soma Grain Refinement Effect is the most higher；3. acid-base pair division in high-temperature fusant and reconstruct enhance particle at microcell
Diffusion velocity, and restrained effectively the alloying component segregation and the gathering of bulky grain particle and length caused because of additive
Greatly, the roughening of titanium Ti and rare-earth phase can be prevented；4., after part bubble occurs secondary reaction, gas row is purified through a series of changes
Going out melt or enter slag, its purification is more preferable than conventional gas purification mode effect.By this mechanism, matrix is made to tie
Crystalline state generally becomes equiax crystal, and grain size is averagely less than 120 μm, and further effect of optimization can reach grain size averagely 50
～100 μm.
In alloy melt, different metal atom or ion close, also can produce energy level splitting between them and heat occurs
Chemical reaction (electron transfer does not occur) and form the pattern of intermetallic compound, according to electronegativity size, AlxCu and
Al20Cu2Mn3Louis's " acid-base pair " can be regarded as.When the external Lewis Acids and Bases added in melt is to when decomposing, with matrix
The intermetallic compound presoma that Presence of an interface can differ from the most also is disturbed and activates and recurring structure fluctuating, produces more
Critical nucleus, makes (T+ θ H) combination concentration mutually the most in the alloy and is evenly distributed density, make up to 1/[μm]2Above, this
Be exactly Lewis Acids and Bases to the disturbance of nanoscale and activation effect can increase Subnano-class particle (T+ θ H) combination mutually and
Nanoscale particle GP district, θ ＂, the mechanism of θ ＇ tandem reinforcement phase.
Aluminium alloy melt is overall as a rich, high temperature electron system, for electronegativity higher than its metallic element, be to
Electron, and electronegativity is less than to its active metal element, it is again electron acceptor, it is seen that aluminium alloy melt also has Louis
The general general character of this soda acid, itself and the element added among it, also can form broad sense " Lewis Acids and Bases to ", because of
This, can be the various elements of adjustment melt chemistry activity, unified " lewis acid " or " lewis base " being considered as aluminium alloy, when
When using main group dvielement such as Mg, the interior transition dvielement such as Ce that the present invention provides, in order to simplify description, and also to prominent
Optimization function to aluminium alloy melt, is also referred to as " Lewis Acids and Bases to " individual element.
For aluminium alloy melt, the halogen compound such as [CoCl of metal4]2-With hydrogen peroxide adduct such as BeH2, with covalency between its atom
Bond close, have the feature of Lewis Acids and Bases pair, these the most sufficiently stable and particularly preferred materials of thermostability, when with
After nanomorphic powder blows into melt dispersedly, due to high temperature, electron rich and the biggest specific surface area, the interface energy of generation
Be enough to cause material molecule to occur polarization deformation or even disproportionation to decompose, also can cause disturbance and activation effect in nanometer range, also
Can be attributed to " Lewis Acids and Bases to ".
To sum up, Lewis Acids and Bases pair of the present invention, variform can be shown as, be combined into part including metal
Negative ions body, metal halogen compound, metallic hydrogen compound main group dvielement, one or more mixing in interior transition dvielement.
Further, since foreign peoples's material concentration that Lewis Acids and Bases is bigger to being supplied to alloy melt, therefore increase
The constitutional supercooling degree of melt crystallization process, causes nucleus quickly to cross critical dimension under higher crystallization power, and supercool
Free nucleation and growth in liquid, formed and have isotropism and shape closer to spherical equi-axed crystal；Due to equiax crystal
This because of the free growing endogenetic forming mechanism of liquid internal, change the irregular crystal edge such as plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal
The growth pattern that the raw core of type wall in casting mold cavity, the most export-oriented liquid internal are unidirectionally extended, therefore avoids or alleviates alloy
Component segregation, crystallize thick unidirectional, defect that macro property is uneven, thus it is common to be prevented effectively from or alleviate some of alloy
Defect, such as pin hole, pore, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, thick solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle etc..
The present invention is based on to the contrast image of alloy microstructure very high resolution and the structural analysis of precise and tiny constituency, it was found that
Intracrystalline also exists the hyperfine structure of (T+ θ H) excellent forked combination phase of sub-micron grade.Binary-phase each with Al-Cu compares, (T+ θ H)
Combination has many advantages mutually, including: particle size is big, and anti-dislocation movement by slip face is big；Trunk portion T is that high hard high stable compound gathers
The bar-shaped twin closed, it is possible to walk around mode with dislocation and provide strength support for alloy；Its secondary θ H adheres on trunk
Oblique or be perpendicular to T mandrel direction and to surrounding matrix growth simultaneously with matrix coherence, enhance trunk to lattice-site around
The ability of tightening up of battle array, or in other words, T mandrel by adhering to it on to the secondary phase of θ H of surrounding growth, tighten up act on to
Matrix space transmission around and diffusion, this acting on creates reinforcing bar in similar building structure in time um region to matrix
Grid invigoration effect (can be described as " class concrete reinforced structure ") in concrete, makes matrix strength be greatly improved.This effect, as
Fruit is compared from monomer, is flake Al-Cu metastable phase (GP district, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc phase) or a combination thereof is all in matrix
Far from compare；But, in common aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy, owing to each binary Al-Cu metastable phase is at base
The distribution density in internal portion be significantly larger than (T+ θ H) combination phase distribution density, cause (T+ θ H) combination phase effect be blanked and
Never it is found.
(T+ θ H) combination optimizes the thing phase molecule combinative structure of aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy mutually, carries for matrix
Supply walking around strengthening effect and cutting through strengthening effect two kinds work higher than what free state Al-Cu metastable phase combined of high Hard Inclusion T-phase
With；So must design of material pay close attention to emphasis from tradition merely to Al-Cu metastable phase combination be transferred out, and concentrate on right
Expediting the emergence of in effect of (T+ θ H) combination phase.
Inventive formulation is configured as one of technical way, is that the crystalline state combination making alloy realizes mean grain size ＜
Under the equiax crystal premise of 120 microns, also can realize alloy grain internal (T+ θ H) combination phase amount 1/[μm]2Above.Cause
This main constituent is designed as by weight percentage: manganese Mn :≤2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%～0.5%, and copper Cu:4.2%～8.0% and Cu >=
0.8Mn+4.05%, molybdenum Mo:0.05%-0.1%；Lewis Acids and Bases is to total amount 1% × 10-4～2.0%, make alloy mean grain size ＜
120 microns, surplus is aluminum Al, forms AlMo in the alloy by adding molybdenum Mo3～Al1213 kinds of metallic compound dispersivitys such as Mo
High-Temperature Strengthening phase, produces solution strengthening, hardening constituent strengthening, dispersion-strengtherning and Grain Refinement Effect, carries for mechanical index alloy
Supply material base.
The result obtained by DSC differentia scanning calorimetry, the chemistry of aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy
The difference of the temperature range high lower bound that heat effect occurs has 100 DEG C, in Al-Cu binary is each mutually, and the Al of equilibrium state2Cu (θ) is mutually altogether
Brilliant fusing point is up to 548 DEG C, is in the temperature position starting to occur heat effect, when temperature is at 648.5 DEG C on DSC curve
Heat effect is maximum, just without chemical calorific effect after temperature is higher.Rationally inferring and matrix coherence (T+ of this situation
θ H) combine the endothermic thermal event melting (matrix melts simultaneously) mutually and cause.
The trunk T-phase of (T+ θ H) combination phase substantially increases thermostability and the calorific intensity of alloy；And (T+ θ H) combination number of phases
Amount and the raising of distribution density, improve the intensity of alloy, hardness and elongation percentage the most simultaneously.
Theoretical according to metal freezing, in terms of macroscopic perspective, a large amount of formation of critical nucleus need to being in melt free
The atom of state reduces potential energy threshold to " jump " of lattice dot matrix ordered state, and this low threshold comes from two conditions: one is
The surface tension reducing liquid metal makes original nucleus easily spread and easily absorbs the atom of free state around, and a kind of form is just
It is to create the heterogeneous crystallization nuclei of stable state as much as possible.
According to lewis' theory of acids and bases, aluminum melt is an electron rich high temperature system, i.e. belongs to strong lewis base, has served as
After the copper manganese of amount adds, owing to the electronegativity of copper manganese is relatively strong, the more electron cloud of suction, make the alkali of the alloy melt of formation
Property reduce, surface tension increase, be unfavorable for the generation of critical nucleus；After adding electron rich material, balance the acid effect of copper manganese
Should, the interfacial tension that original nucleus faces reduces, thus the original nucleus promoting the trunk T-phase of (T+ θ H) combination phase is grown into
Critical nucleus, thus quantity and distribution density significantly improve in the alloy mutually to determine (T+ θ H) combination.
Detailed description of the invention
The specific embodiment of the invention includes 2 parts, and Part I is prompting and explanation, and Part II is for being embodied as
Example.
Part I: point out and illustrate
The step that alloy melt prepares:
(1) in the range of aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases is to, element ratio, selected one group of combinations of substances, determine weight ratio, as required
The alloy total amount of preparation, extrapolates the weight of every kind of required material, works out alloy production list of ingredients, and it is each to press list of ingredients choosing foot
Plant and get the raw materials ready；
(2) adding appropriate aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating is allowed to melt completely and be incubated more than 700 DEG C；
For preventing melt from sucking too much air, fusion process should complete with in enclosed environment the most at short notice；
(3) press formula proportion and add manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, molybdenum Mo, after stirring, add selected Lewis Acids and Bases pair, or
Person adds selected Lewis Acids and Bases to combination, stirs；
If described Lewis Acids and Bases to or combination in solid block, can be directly added into melt or with pressing supplementary mode add
Enter melt；
If described Lewis Acids and Bases to or combination in solid filament wire, can be with on-line automatic wire feeding mode, when casting even
Continuous addition, or it is cut into suitable segment, before casting every time, add casting ladle or scoop wooden dipper；
Described Lewis Acids and Bases pair, active metal element selects to add melt with protection form, and high-melting-point insoluble metal element selects
Selecting coordination compound form, readily soluble heavy metal selects elemental stage；
Described Lewis Acids and Bases to or combination, compound or coordination compound select to make pressed powder form in advance；
Described Lewis Acids and Bases to or combination, select after alloy host element melting completes add melt, or melt essence
Add melt during refining, or after refine purifies, add melt, or before cast form, add melt；
(4) then above-mentioned alloy melt carrying out furnace refining, described refine selects to operate in enclosed environment, described closed-loop
Border selects to get rid of, in convulsion mode, the waste gas that refine produces continuously；
(5) remove the gred after refine, stand, sample analysis alloy composition, adjust chemical composition to regulation according to analysis result
In deviation range；
Described adjustment selection of chemical composition by add Lewis Acids and Bases to or combination in the way of be adjusted；
Homoiothermic is to more than 650 DEG C, and aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, online degasification, slagging-off；
Described degasification can select the agitation of graphite-pipe sleeve rotor to be blown into purification gas；
Described purification gas can select nitrogen, argon, chlorine or their mixture；
Described slagging-off can select surface remove scum silica frost or select Filtration to remove in melt bottom thick particle or melt
Sediment；
Described Filtration can select ceramic filter plate or glass fibre or filter cloth as filter medium；
Described filtration can carry out single-stage filtration or double-stage filtering or multistage filtering；
Described thick particle can be the particle that granularity is not less than 10 microns；
(6) hot top casting: pole casting refers to that aluminium alloy injects continuous crystallisation solidification in crystallizer；
Described crystallizer is casting solid shape metal pattern；
Foundry goods can check presentation quality with naked eyes or by low power magnifier or other test method, and the described visual quality of casting refers to
Including surface roughness, surface defect or dimensional accuracy；Foundry goods is allowed to have the vestiges such as typing, push rod and venting plug, it is allowed to have crowded
Pressure processes eliminable defect, mustn't crackle；
The extruded step of goods:
(1) mould and recipient are preheating to suitable temperature >=400 DEG C；
(2) heating aluminium bar >=400 DEG C, and put into recipient；
Described preheating needs special heater, it is desirable to have insulation；
(3) by pressure, aluminium bar is cooled down after mould is extruded；
Described extruding needs special mechanized equipment, and extruding force is more than 800 tons；
(4) appearance quality detection: size, crackle；
(5) internal soundness detection: section dye penetrant inspection detection or integral fluorescence or X-ray check；
Described section dye penetrant inspection detects, and can goods random inspection one or the pieces of every batch dissect, inspection goods master
Want heat energy-saving position or the wall thickness internal soundness compared with large part；
Described section, can cut and be easily generated most pore, casting position such as the housing installation foot, valve body installing hole of sand holes, side cover peace
The thick large part of dress hole or master cylinder afterbody etc., detects with coloring agent, and whether range estimation has the defect such as pore, sand holes；
Described X-ray check be goods through X-ray transmission to detect its internal metallurgical quality, observing has free of pinholes, pore, shrinkage cavity, dredges
Pine, shrinkage porosite, segregation, thick phase granule, be mingled with, slag inclusion, cold shut, cold shot or crackle；
(5) solution treatment: extrusion is sent into solid solution furnace, carries out less than 550 DEG C solution treatment, enters shrend after being incubated at once
Fire；
(7) ageing strengthening: the goods completing solution treatment are sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening process, time below 230 DEG C
Effect strengthening, natural cooling of coming out of the stove after insulation；
(8) sample analysis test checking: cutting coupon from the goods after Overheating Treatment, sampling point is selected in blank body
Having the position that the appropriate location of allowance, body are loaded uniform or concentrate, each sampling point should cut three coupons；
Sample can be carried out Resarch on A New Type, Metallographic Analysis, secondary densimetry solid solution and timeliness degree detecting or deep layer
Secondary Micro-Structure Analysis；
Described mechanics property analysis includes tensile strength, yield strength, elongation percentage, hardness, and numerical indication is: tensile strength 500
± 50Mpa, yield strength 450 ± 50Mpa, elongation percentage 5 ± 2%, hardness 140 ± 10HBS；
Described Metallographic Analysis includes grain morphology, grain size, thick brittlement phase or notable defect, and grain morphology should be isometry
Crystalline substance, grain size is average≤120 μm, thick brittlement phase granularity≤25 μm, does not exist more than the hole of 15 μm or crystal boundary without separating out
Carry notable defect；
The detection solid solution of described secondary densimetry and timeliness degree completion rate are not less than 80%；
(11) Practical Performance checking: processed and after assembling by machining, surface, be simulated the Practical Performance of applying working condition
Detection test, including selecting fatigue test, wear test, reverse overload test or overvoltage test.
Part II: specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
1. the aluminium alloy vane wheel material component percentage by weight substituting QT500 is: a Mn:0.65%, Cd:0.06%, Cu:
6.5%, Si:1.5%, Mo:0.06%, BeH20.02%, W0.07%, [CoCl4]2-0.05%, surplus is aluminum Al；
2, preparation method: melt → hot top casting → pole homogenizing → extruding → solid solution → rectification → timeliness
(1) melt temperature >=730 DEG C；
(2) chute preheating temperature >=750 DEG C；
(3) hot top casting temperature >=700 DEG C；
(4) casting speed 80-140 mm/min；
(5) homogenizing temperature >=510 DEG C, are incubated >=1 hour；
(6) extrusion die preheating temperature >=500 DEG C；
(7) recipient preheating temperature >=420 DEG C, aluminium bar heating-up temperature >=500 DEG C；
(8) condition of heat treatment: cold working artificial aging again after T8-solid solution；
3, goods microstructure index: metallographic structure is equiax crystal, mean grain size 60 μm, (T+ θ H) combination phase amount in crystal grain
9/[μm]2；
4, products machinery performance: tensile strength 540Mpa, yield strength 380 Mpa, elongation after fracture 10%, Brinell hardness 145.
Embodiment 2
1. the aluminium alloy vane wheel material component percentage by weight substituting QT500 is: a Mn:0.8%, Cd:0.08%, Cu:
6.8%, Si:1.4%, Mo:0.09%, BeH2: 0.01%, W0.08%, [CoCl4]2-: 0.05%, surplus is aluminum Al；
2, preparation method: with embodiment 1；
3, goods microstructure index: metallographic structure is equiax crystal, mean grain size 68 μm, (T+ θ H) combination phase amount in crystal grain
8/[μm]2；
4, products machinery performance: tensile strength 525Mpa, yield strength 360Mpa, elongation after fracture 11%, Brinell hardness 140.
Embodiment 3
1. the aluminium alloy vane wheel material component percentage by weight substituting QT500 is: a Mn:0.8%, Cd:0.08%, Cu:
6.8%, Mo:0.09%, [CoCl4]2-: 0.05%, surplus is aluminum Al；
2, preparation method: with embodiment 1；
3, goods microstructure index: metallographic structure is equiax crystal, mean grain size 68 μm, (T+ θ H) combination phase amount in crystal grain
8/[μm]2；
4, products machinery performance: tensile strength 525Mpa, yield strength 356Mpa, elongation after fracture 11%, Brinell hardness 139.
Claims (10)
1. the aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 blade wheel, it is characterised in that: main constituent content by weight percentage: manganese
Mn :≤2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%～0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%～8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%, molybdenum Mo:0.05%-0.1%；Road
Lewis acid alkali is to total amount 1% × 10-4～2.0%, making alloy mean grain size ＜ 120 microns, surplus is aluminum Al.
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 blade wheel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: alloy grain
For equiax crystal.
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 blade wheel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: alloy grain
Interior sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1/square micron.
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 blade wheel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Louis
This acid-base pair is one or more mixing in metallic hydrogen compound, metal halogen compound, main group dvielement.
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 blade wheel the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described gold
Belong to halogen compound: include four chloro cobalt anion body [CoCl4]2-。
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 blade wheel the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described gold
Belong to halogen compound, including beryllium hydride BeH2。
7. according to a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 blade wheel one of claim 1-6 Suo Shu, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating Lewis Acids and Bases pair, account for Al matrix percentage by weight by element addition, scope is: 0.4% ＜ Si ＜ 1.6%, BeH2＜
0.1%, W ＜ 0.1%, [CoCl4]2-＜ 0.1%.
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 blade wheel the most as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that:
Comprise the steps of
(1) in the range of aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases is to, element ratio, selected one group of combinations of substances, determine weight ratio, as required
The alloy total amount of preparation, extrapolates the weight of every kind of required material；
(2) adding aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating is also incubated more than 700 DEG C；
(3) adding manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, molybdenum Mo stirs, and adds selected Lewis Acids and Bases pair, or adds selected Louis
This acid-base pair combines, and stirs；
(4) then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining；
(5) remove the gred after refine, stand, sample analysis alloy composition, adjust chemical composition to regulation according to analysis result
In deviation range；Homoiothermic is to more than 650 DEG C, and aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, online degasification, slagging-off；
(6) hot top casting: aluminium alloy is cast as pole；
(7) extruded: pole is through being squeezed into blade blank.
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 blade wheel the most according to claim 8, its feature exists
In: described hot top casts, and step is as follows:
(1) chute and shunting disk are preheating to suitable temperature；
(2) melt proceeds to shunting disk from holding furnace through chute；
(3) opening cooling water, start casting machine, dummy bar head moves down；
(4) adjusting casting speed 80-140 mm/min, dummy bar head moves down along vertical shaft, and melt passes through chute and shunting disk
Flow into crystallizer coagulation forming；
(5) stop casting machine after having cast, close cooling water；
(6) dig shunting disk and hang out aluminium bar, be incorporated to stove homogenizing.
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 blade wheel the most according to claim 8, its feature exists
In: described extruded, step is as follows
(1) mould and compression tool are preheating to suitable temperature；
(2) heating aluminium bar >=400 DEG C, and put into recipient；
(3) by pressure, aluminium bar is cooled down after mould is extruded；
(4) appearance quality detection: size, crackle；
(5) solution treatment: extrusion is sent into solid solution furnace, carries out less than 550 DEG C solution treatment, enters shrend after being incubated at once
Fire；
(6) ageing strengthening: the goods completing solution treatment are sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening process, time below 230 DEG C
Effect strengthening, natural cooling of coming out of the stove after insulation；
(7) sample analysis test checking；
(8) Practical Performance checking.
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| CN105400973A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-03-16 | 广东和胜工业铝材股份有限公司 | Production control method for aluminum alloy product |
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| CN1900336A (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2007-01-24 | 中山市金胜铝业有限公司 | Aluminum alloy pipe for high purity and high precision light sensitive drum base material and producing method |
| US20120152414A1 (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2012-06-21 | Yun Che | Multi-element heat-resistant aluminum alloy material with high strength and preparation method thereof |
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