CN106112011B - A kind of hot machining method and device of temperature-controllable - Google Patents
A kind of hot machining method and device of temperature-controllable Download PDFInfo
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- CN106112011B CN106112011B CN201610511919.6A CN201610511919A CN106112011B CN 106112011 B CN106112011 B CN 106112011B CN 201610511919 A CN201610511919 A CN 201610511919A CN 106112011 B CN106112011 B CN 106112011B
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- temperature
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- heating device
- temperature sensor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of hot machining method of temperature-controllable, before machining, according to the material of ring parts to be processed, and the minimum tempering temperature T for the part looked into0；When carrying out outer ring or inner ring surface machining, the outer ring or inner ring surface chip temperature T of ring parts are measured1；It is heated simultaneously using inner ring or outer ring portion of the heating device to ring parts, so that the inner ring or outer ring portion of ring parts is warming up to heating temperature T2；In cutting process, guarantee T2<T0, and guarantee the temperature difference of inner and outer ring | T1‑T2|<30℃.The present invention can heat the Internal and external cycle of part during chip using heating device, suitable control heating temperature, reduce the temperature difference of Internal and external cycle in this way, so as to improve the residual stress of processing bearing surface.The present invention also provides a kind of structure is simple, easy to operate hot machining device, the device controls heating device using increment type PID algorithm, realizes the temperature-controllable of heating device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical processing technique technical field, the hot machining method and its dress of specially a kind of temperature-controllable
It sets.
Background technique
The important components such as bearing, transmission shaft, rim, the punch die in the fields such as automobile, high-speed rail, mold and nuclear power are born when working
Thermal force and alternate stress, are also easy to produce fatigue rupture.This is because parts processing surface state directly affects its static strength, tired
Labor intensity, corrosion resistance, wearability, dimensional stability and electromagnetic performance etc..Modern manufacturing equip industry to gear shaft, transmission shaft with
And the requirement of the reliability and service life of the axial workpieces such as thread spindle is higher and higher, these parts mostly subject complicated alternation
The effect of stress, some often find its surface also in working in shock and vibration and severe corrosive environment in practical application
Germinate fatigue crack with threaded portion, and then leads to part fatigue failure and cause serious accident.Therefore to finished surface shape
The research of state and machined surface quality, always as the expert in cutting field and the research hotspot of scholar.
Theoretical research and practical application the result shows that, by controlling or adjusting the stress state of machined surface, obtain
The fatigue strength and corrosion resistance of part can be improved in suitable residual compressive stress.Lot of domestic and international researcher attempts from tool angle
Degree optimization and change cutting, grinding parameter obtains finished surface residual compressive stress.It is distributed and disappears to obtain residual compressive stress
Except the adverse effect of residual tension, axial workpiece usually carries out the regulation of surface residual stress before actual use.From regulation
From the point of view of on activity time, the method for adjusting residual stress at present is broadly divided into two classes: one kind is after machining by surface pressure
Prolong or increase the methods of superficial density to control, such as shot-peening, rolling and carbo-nitriding and surface covering, these methods in addition to
It is expensive so that medium-sized and small enterprises be often difficult to undertake and some parts (such as thread spindle) can not implement it is outer, it is also possible to draw
Additional Surface hardened layer is played, the impact flexibility of part is reduced；Another kind of is to be controlled during machining, including adopt
With the methods of strong cold sub-zero machining, micro-lubricating cutting and Optimizing Cutting Conditions and the shape of tool, however the former also needs
Expensive special equipment, the latter is complicated more than the factor of finished surface residual stress due to influencing, and only considers to adjust machined parameters
It is difficult to the residual stress of stability contorting finished surface.
Summary of the invention
The shortcomings that in order to overcome the prior art to refer to, the ring parts that the present invention provides the materials such as a kind of pair of hardened steel carry out
The hot machining method and device thereof of the temperature-controllable of Pre-stress hard cutting
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of hot machining method of temperature-controllable,
Steps are as follows:
S1: before machining, according to the material of ring parts to be processed, by " steel tempering temperature and hardness number conversion chart "
Check in the minimum tempering temperature T of the part0；
S2: when carrying out outer ring (or inner ring) surface cutting processing, outer ring (or inner ring) surface cutting of ring parts is measured
Temperature T1；It is heated simultaneously using inner ring (or outer ring) portion of heating device to ring parts, so that the inner ring of ring parts
(or outer ring) portion is warming up to T2；In cutting process, guarantee T2<T0, and guarantee the temperature difference of inner and outer ring | T1-T2|<30℃。
By theoretical analysis and calculation early period and experimental exploring, the condition that discovery makes workpiece generate residual compressive stress is this method
Parent has certain contraction after workpiece surface generates enough plastic deformations and processing.Prestressing force stretch effect precisely in order to
Contraction afterwards.That is, reaching by thermal expansion deformation and applying the result that prestressing force stretches.Here it is worth noting that by
The temperature of steel lonneal has not yet been reached in the temperature of required heating, is unlikely to influence materials microstructure and performance, therefore logical
It crosses preheating and generates thermal deformation, as prestressing force cutting, obtain required finished surface residual compressive stress.
Based on above-mentioned hot machining method, the present invention also provides a kind of hot machining devices of temperature-controllable, including vehicle
Bed, heating device, heating control apparatus and the first temperature sensor, the heating device and the electrical connection of the first temperature sensor
The heating control apparatus, the heating device, which is installed on, at the chuck of the lathe and can follow the chuck of the lathe synchronous
Rotation, the heating device add ring parts for being inserted into ring parts internal ring portion or being placed on ring parts outer portion
Heat, first temperature sensor, which is installed at the Cutting tool of the lathe, can follow the Cutting tool of the lathe is synchronous to turn
Dynamic, first temperature sensor is used to measure the real-time surface cutting temperature T in ring parts cutting face1。
Further, the heating device is the sleeve that ceramic heating bar or inner surface are equipped with heating wire, the heating
The contact surface of device and ring parts is equipped with one layer of silicon layer, is also equipped with second temperature sensor on the heating device,
The second temperature sensor is electrically connected the heating control apparatus, and the second temperature sensor is for measuring ring parts
The heating temperature T of non-cutting inner ring or outer ring2.Ceramic heating bar energy insulation and thermal insulation, silicone oil have higher heat resistance, water-fast
Property, electrical insulating property and lesser surface tension, are commonly used for senior lubricant and insulating oil.
Further, the heating control apparatus includes single-chip microcontroller, the first analog-digital converter, the second analog-digital converter and drive
Dynamic device, one end connection first temperature sensor and second temperature sensor of first analog-digital converter, described first
The other end of analog-digital converter connects the single-chip microcontroller, and second analog-digital converter is separately connected the connection single-chip microcontroller and drive
Dynamic device, the driver is for connecting the heating device；First temperature sensor and second temperature sensor are by the temperature of measurement
Degree is converted to voltage signal and is sent to the first analog-digital converter, and voltage is converted digital quantity, single-chip microcontroller by the first analog-digital converter
The digital quantity is read, and by the temperature of heating device required for being calculated, is then calculated by increment type PID algorithm
The control amount of institute's driver, single-chip microcontroller export this control amount to heating device by the second analog-digital converter and driver, determine
Heating device exports corresponding heated current, into the temperature effect for guaranteeing that heating device heats required for reaching.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: when the hot machining method of temperature-controllable of the present invention is processed mainly for ring parts
It, can be using heating device to lead to the problem of corresponding residual stress since the temperature difference of Internal and external cycle causes to expand with heat and contract with cold
The Internal and external cycle of part is heated in cutting process, suitable control heating temperature, reduces the temperature difference of Internal and external cycle in this way, thus
Improve the residual stress of processing bearing surface.The present invention also provides a kind of structure is simple, easy to operate hot machining device,
The device controls heating device using increment type PID algorithm, realizes the temperature-controllable of heating device.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structural schematic diagram when a kind of hot machining device of temperature-controllable of the invention is cut using outer ring；
Fig. 2 is structural schematic diagram when a kind of hot machining device of temperature-controllable of the invention is cut using inner ring；
Fig. 3 is the structural block diagram of heating control apparatus of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the flogic system block diagram using incremental timestamp algorithm of heating control apparatus of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the flogic system block diagram of the main program of the control flow of the single-chip microcontroller of heating control apparatus of the invention；
Fig. 6 is the flogic system frame of the PID control program of the control flow of the single-chip microcontroller of heating control apparatus of the invention
Figure.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further detailed with reference to the accompanying drawing.
A kind of hot machining method of temperature-controllable, its step are as follows:
S1: before machining, according to the material of ring parts to be processed, by " steel tempering temperature and hardness number conversion chart "
(http://www.docin.com/p-298202603.html) checks in the minimum tempering temperature T of the part0；
S2: when carrying out outer ring (or inner ring) surface cutting processing, outer ring (or inner ring) surface cutting of ring parts is measured
Temperature T1；It is heated simultaneously using inner ring (or outer ring) portion of heating device to ring parts, so that the inner ring of ring parts
(or outer ring) portion is warming up to T2；In cutting process, guarantee T2<T0, and guarantee the temperature difference of inner and outer ring | T1-T2|<30℃。
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, based on above-mentioned hot machining method, the present invention also provides a kind of hot machining device, packets
Include lathe, heating device 1, heating control apparatus 2 and the first temperature sensor 3, the heating device 1 and the first temperature sensor
The 3 electrical connection heating control apparatus 2, the heating device 1 are installed at the chuck of the lathe and can follow the vehicle
The chuck of bed rotates synchronously, and the heating device 1 is for being inserted into 4 internal ring portion of ring parts or being placed on 4 outer portion pair of ring parts
Ring parts are heated, and first temperature sensor 3, which is installed at the Cutting tool of the lathe, can follow the lathe
Cutting tool rotate synchronously, first temperature sensor 3 is used to measure the real time temperature T in 4 cutting face of ring parts1。
Further, the heating device is the sleeve that ceramic heating bar or inner surface are equipped with heating wire, the heating
The contact surface of device 1 and ring parts 4 is equipped with one layer of silicon layer 5, and second temperature sensing is also equipped on the heating device 1
Device, the second temperature sensor are electrically connected the heating control apparatus, and the second temperature sensor is for measuring ring class
The temperature T of the non-cutting inner ring or outer ring of part2.Ceramic heating bar energy insulation and thermal insulation, silicone oil have higher heat resistance, water-fast
Property, electrical insulating property and lesser surface tension, are commonly used for senior lubricant and insulating oil.
As shown in figure 3, further, the heating control apparatus 2 includes single-chip microcontroller, the first analog-digital converter, the second mould
Number converter and driver, one end of first analog-digital converter connect first temperature sensor and second temperature sensing
Device, the other end of first analog-digital converter connect the single-chip microcontroller, and second analog-digital converter is separately connected connection institute
Single-chip microcontroller and driver are stated, the driver is for connecting the heating device；First temperature sensor and second temperature sensing
The temperature inversion of measurement is sent to the first analog-digital converter at voltage signal by device, and voltage is converted number by the first analog-digital converter
Word amount, single-chip microcontroller read the digital quantity, and by the temperature of heating device required for being calculated, then pass through increment type
Pid algorithm calculates the control amount of institute's driver, and single-chip microcontroller exports this control amount extremely by the second analog-digital converter and driver
Heating device determines that heating device exports corresponding heated current, into the temperature for guaranteeing that heating device heats required for reaching
Effect.
As shown in figure 4, further, when using increasable algorithm, the controlling increment of single-chip microcontroller output is exactly this execution
The increment of mechanism, malfunction influences small when increment type controls, and when manual/auto switching impacts small, is easy to implement switching undisturbed,
Furthermore it when single-chip microcontroller breaks down, since output channel or executive device have the latch effect of signal, therefore can still save
Initial value, and be easy to obtain relatively good control effect by weighting processing.
When executing agency it is desirable that when the increment of control amount, we use incremental timestamp algorithm, by formula
Controller can be obtained in the output valve of -1 sampling instant of kth are as follows:
Two formulas are subtracted each other into obtain incremental timestamp algorithmic formula are as follows:
Δuk=uk-uk-1=Aek+Bek-1+Cek-2
In formula:
If control system uses the period using constant, once it is determined that A, B, C, as long as use the inclined of the measured value of front and back 3 times
Difference, so that it may find out controlling increment, the stability contorting of temperature can be realized.
The control flow of the single-chip microcontroller is divided into 2 parts: main program and PID control program.
As shown in figure 5, main program are as follows: setting control parameter A, B, C, initialization error e be 0, into control interrupt routine,
After interrupt routine, temperature transition instruction is sent.
As shown in fig. 6, PID control program: opens interrupters service routine successively calculates deviation into this sampling input,
Control amount, and output control amount are calculated, such as interrupt routine terminates at this time, then enters and send temperature instruction repertorie, does not have if interrupting
Terminate, is again introduced into sampling entering next circulation, successively calculates deviation and control amount, and output control amount, herein
During partial circulating, sampling be connected with A/D converter and heating device and driver and D/A converter with export control amount
It is connected.
As described above, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, when cannot be limited the scope of implementation of the present invention with this,
All still belong to this hair according to simple equivalent changes and modifications made by scope of the present invention patent and invention description content generally
In the range of bright patent covers.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of hot machining method of temperature-controllable, which is characterized in that its step are as follows:
S1: before machining, according to the material of ring parts to be processed, the minimum tempering temperature T of the part is checked in0；
S2: when carrying out outer ring or inner ring surface machining, the outer ring or inner ring surface cutting temperature T of ring parts are measured1；Together
Shi Liyong heating device heats the inner ring or outer ring portion of ring parts, so that the inner ring or outer ring portion of ring parts heats up
To heating temperature T2；In cutting process, guarantee T2<T0, and guarantee the temperature difference of inner and outer ring | T1-T2|<30℃。
2. a kind of hot machining device of temperature-controllable, which is characterized in that including lathe, heating device, heating control apparatus and
First temperature sensor, the heating device and the first temperature sensor are electrically connected the heating control apparatus, the heating
Device is installed at the chuck of the lathe, and the heating device is for being inserted into ring parts internal ring portion or being placed on outside ring parts
Ring portion heats ring parts, and first temperature sensor is installed at the Cutting tool of the lathe, and described first
Temperature sensor is used to measure the real-time surface cutting temperature T in ring parts cutting face1。
3. a kind of hot machining device of temperature-controllable according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the heating device with
The contact surface of ring parts is equipped with one layer of silicon layer, is also equipped with second temperature sensor on the heating device, and described the
Two temperature sensors are electrically connected the heating control apparatus, and the second temperature sensor is non-cutting for measuring ring parts
Inner ring or outer ring heating temperature T2。
4. a kind of hot machining device of temperature-controllable according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the computer heating control dress
It sets including single-chip microcontroller, the first analog-digital converter, the second analog-digital converter and driver, one end of first analog-digital converter connects
First temperature sensor and second temperature sensor are connect, the other end of first analog-digital converter connects the monolithic
Machine, second analog-digital converter are separately connected the single-chip microcontroller and driver, and the driver is for connecting the heating dress
It sets.
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| CN201610511919.6A CN106112011B (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2016-06-30 | A kind of hot machining method and device of temperature-controllable |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610511919.6A CN106112011B (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2016-06-30 | A kind of hot machining method and device of temperature-controllable |
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| CN106112011B true CN106112011B (en) | 2019-03-01 |
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| CN110802373A (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2020-02-18 | 徐州乐泰机电科技有限公司 | Prestress forging method applied to bearing ring |
| CN111331492B (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2021-05-25 | 海安同盟机械科技有限公司 | Equipment for measuring vehicle body fender by utilizing cutting spark |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07328801A (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1995-12-19 | Shimada Phys & Chem Ind Co Ltd | Lathe turning method and blade tool drive device |
| JP2012139756A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-26 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing internal gear |
| CN203541958U (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2014-04-16 | 山东大学 | Electrical contact heating auxiliary supersonic vibration surface strengthening and finishing processing device |
| CN103949851A (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-07-30 | 贵州凯星液力传动机械有限公司 | Processing method of aluminum alloy thin-wall cylindrical part |
| CN103273282B (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2015-09-09 | 贵州红林机械有限公司 | The processing method of the special profile of elongate rod high accuracy |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7513121B2 (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2009-04-07 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Apparatus and method for improving work surface during forming and shaping of materials |
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- 2016-06-30 CN CN201610511919.6A patent/CN106112011B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07328801A (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1995-12-19 | Shimada Phys & Chem Ind Co Ltd | Lathe turning method and blade tool drive device |
| JP2012139756A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-26 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing internal gear |
| CN103273282B (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2015-09-09 | 贵州红林机械有限公司 | The processing method of the special profile of elongate rod high accuracy |
| CN203541958U (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2014-04-16 | 山东大学 | Electrical contact heating auxiliary supersonic vibration surface strengthening and finishing processing device |
| CN103949851A (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-07-30 | 贵州凯星液力传动机械有限公司 | Processing method of aluminum alloy thin-wall cylindrical part |
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Address after: 293 No. 510630 Guangdong city of Guangzhou province Tianhe District Zhongshan Shipai Road Patentee after: Guangdong Normal University of Technology Address before: 293 No. 510630 Guangdong city of Guangzhou province Tianhe District Zhongshan Shipai Road Patentee before: Guangdong Technical Normal College |