CN114371073B - Material cross wedge rolling forming performance evaluation method based on ring sample - Google Patents
Material cross wedge rolling forming performance evaluation method based on ring sample Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of metal shaft part roll forming, in particular to a material cross wedge rolling forming performance evaluation method based on a circular ring sample. The method comprises the following steps: if the forming performance of the material at high temperature is evaluated, the annular sample is required to be heated to a set temperature before rolling, and if the forming performance of the material at room temperature is evaluated, the heating step is omitted; adjusting the gap between the groove type upper die and the groove type lower die according to the design depression; rolling the annular sample by adopting a plate type wedge cross rolling mill with a groove type die; and measuring the ellipticity of the rolled deformation sample and using the ellipticity as an evaluation index to evaluate the cross wedge rolling forming performance of different materials under the same process condition or evaluate the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the same material under different process conditions. The method can also be used for evaluating the cross wedge rolling forming performance of hollow shaft parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal shaft part roll forming, in particular to a material cross wedge rolling forming performance evaluation method based on a circular ring sample.
Background
With the development of mechanical processing and metallurgical industry, a novel rolling process, namely cross wedge rolling, is gradually evolved in recent years. The cross wedge rolling process is used as an advanced metal plastic forming process, and has the advantages of stable production quality, high metal utilization rate, small impact vibration, high production efficiency, capability of fully playing the plastic property of metal materials and the like, and is concerned by manufacturers and expert students at home and abroad in recent years. The shaft parts produced by the technology are tens of times, and are widely applied to the fields of automobiles, aerospace and the like. The metal materials of the prior advanced shaft parts can generate larger strain in the roll forming process, so that more advanced shaft products are required to be developed by using a cross wedge rolling process, and more accurate judgment on the forming performance of the metal materials is required. The forming performance of the material is related to the plasticity of the material, and the current method for evaluating the plasticity of metal can be generally evaluated by adopting bending, unidirectional stretching, compression and compression torsion modes. The forming performance of the material under a certain simple or compound loading condition can be quantitatively analyzed by obtaining performance indexes such as elongation, yield strength, bending strength and the like through experiments. However, these loading modes are too single, and the metal forming mode under the complex loading condition cannot be well evaluated; at the same time, high temperature deformation will cause complex microstructure evolution of the metal material and will also affect the formability of the material.
Researchers have proposed numerous evaluation methods for material formation under complex strain conditions, such as: for forming aluminum alloy, researchers put forward a multi-procedure non-proportional loading formability evaluation method (publication number: CN 109783762A) of aluminum alloy, wherein the evaluation method adopts a plastic fracture criterion, and a forming limit stress curve is applied to predict the non-proportional loading formability of aluminum alloy, so that the method is more close to the actual situation of industrial production. For stretch bending forming, researchers have proposed a three-dimensional stretch bending formability prediction evaluation optimization method (publication number: CN 107704697A) of the section, and the evaluation method optimizes the three-dimensional stretch bending formability according to a finite element calculation model and formability requirements, and can predict the three-dimensional stretch bending formability of the section, avoid or reduce die opening and test die work. For cross wedge rolling forming, researchers put forward a cross wedge rolling process evaluation method (application number: CN 202011318284.0) based on a metal wafer, and the evaluation method takes the center thinning rate of a sample cracked and a sample not cracked as an evaluation index to judge the forming performance of metal, and has guiding significance for cross wedge rolling process development of metal materials. However, for shaft-like members, the ellipticity of the longitudinal section is often a non-negligible important part. Therefore, the invention provides a material cross wedge rolling forming performance evaluation method based on a ring sample based on the characteristics and principles of a cross wedge rolling process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cross wedge rolling forming performance evaluation method for a material based on a circular ring sample, by using the method, the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the material or the process condition can be evaluated by measuring the ellipticity of the circular ring sample after rolling.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a material cross wedge rolling forming performance evaluation method based on a ring sample is characterized in that the deformation process of the ring sample is based on the characteristics and principles of plate cross wedge rolling, the ring sample with an inclined angle at the outer diameter edge is used for forming performance evaluation experiments on a plate cross wedge rolling machine provided with a groove type upper die and a groove type lower die, and the ellipticity of the ring sample after rolling is used as an evaluation index of cross wedge rolling forming performance.
The material cross wedge rolling forming performance evaluation method based on the circular ring sample comprises the following steps:
A. selecting a group of size parameters within the designed size parameter range of the die and the ring sample to process the die and the ring sample;
B. the groove type upper die and the groove type lower die are arranged on a plate type wedge cross rolling mill, the gap between the upper die and the groove type lower die is adjusted to determine the rolling reduction of a sample during rolling, and the speed parameter during rolling is set;
C. when the forming performance of the ring sample at high temperature is evaluated, the ring sample is heated, and the step is omitted at room temperature;
D. erecting a high-speed moving camera for recording the movement and deformation process of the circular ring sample;
E. placing the ring sample at the initial position of the lower die, and starting the rolling mill to finish rolling deformation of the ring sample;
F. measuring the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter of the radial section profile of the deformed ring sample after rolling, and calculating the formula X=K according to the outside diameter ellipticity X of the ring max /K min Obtaining the ellipticity of the outer diameter of the circular ring for evaluating the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the material, wherein K is max Represents the maximum value of the outer diameter of the rolled ring, K min Represents the minimum value of the outer diameter of the rolled ring;
G. further establishing a relation between process conditions and the ellipticity of the rolled circular ring, wherein the process conditions comprise rolling speed, rolling reduction and rolling temperature.
According to the material cross wedge rolling forming performance evaluation method based on the ring sample, the deformation principle in the ring sample forming process is similar to the cross wedge rolling deformation principle.
According to the material wedge cross rolling forming performance evaluation method based on the ring sample, the outer diameter edge of the ring sample is provided with an inclined angle, the thickness of the ring sample gradually decreases along with the increase of the diameter, a horizontal section exists at the front parts of the bottom surfaces of the grooves of the upper die and the lower die, and the inclined angles of the two sides of the grooves of the upper die and the lower die are smaller than or equal to the inclined angle of the edge of the ring sample.
According to the material cross wedge rolling forming performance evaluation method based on the circular ring sample, the width of the bottoms of the grooves of the upper die and the lower die is larger than or equal to the thickness of the outer side of the circular ring sample, and the thickness of the outer side of the circular ring is larger than or equal to 4mm in order to ensure the normal rolling of the circular ring sample.
The experimental device for evaluating the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the material based on the ring sample comprises: the lower die, the upper die, the clamping tool and the fixing piece are specifically assembled in the following relation: the upper die and the lower die are fixed on the plate type cross wedge rolling mill, the front parts of grooves of the upper die and the lower die are vertically corresponding, the ring sample is positioned between the front parts of the grooves of the upper die and the lower die, the end face of the lower die is provided with a fixing piece, one end of the fixing piece is connected with the end face of the lower die, the other end of the fixing piece is connected with one end of a clamping tool, the other end of the clamping tool clamps the ring sample, and the clamping tool moves along the horizontal direction to control the position of the ring sample.
The method for evaluating the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the material based on the circular ring sample is suitable for a rolling performance evaluation experiment at room temperature to 1200 ℃ according to different materials of the metal circular ring sample.
According to the material wedge cross rolling forming performance evaluation method based on the ring sample, the rolling reduction of the ring sample is set before rolling, and the ellipticity of the deformed metal ring sample is measured after rolling; in experimental results of different process conditions or different materials, the more the ellipticity of the rolled ring sample is close to 1, the better the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the process conditions or the materials is considered; otherwise, the worse.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
in the process of cross wedge rolling and forming, the solid shaft parts are easy to have the defects of core loosening, holes and the like due to Mannesmann effect in the rolling process. In the process of cross wedge rolling forming, the hollow shaft parts are free surfaces, so that the hollow shaft parts are easy to flatten, distort and the like in the rolling process. The prior metal forming performance evaluation method is difficult to effectively evaluate the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the shaft parts. Therefore, it is proposed to use the ellipticity of the deformed ring sample after rolling as an evaluation index for the cross wedge rolling formability.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a method for evaluating the rolling performance of a cross wedge rolling by taking a metal ring as a rolling sample and taking the ellipticity of the deformed ring sample after rolling as an evaluation index of the cross wedge rolling forming performance based on the characteristics and the principle of the plate-type cross wedge rolling. The method can be used for evaluating the cross wedge rolling forming performance of different materials under the same process condition or evaluating the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the same material under different process conditions.
2. The method can also be used for evaluating the cross wedge rolling forming performance of hollow shaft parts. The invention provides guidance for the design of the roll forming process of the metal shaft parts.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a ring sample and a die used in a material cross wedge rolling forming evaluation experiment of the ring sample. Wherein (a) is a left view of the circular ring sample, (b) is a front view, (c) is a section view of (b) A-A, and (d) is a schematic view of the circular ring sample after being changed into an ellipse by a rolling process, wherein K is max Represents the maximum value of the outer diameter of the rolled ring, K min Represents the minimum outside diameter of the rolled ring, (e) is a front view of the groove type die, (f) is a partial enlarged view of (e), and (g) is a B-B sectional view of (e). In the figure, U is a groove, U1 is a first horizontal section, U2 is an inclined section, and U3 is a second horizontal section. And (3) injection: alpha is larger than or equal to beta, and N is larger than or equal to W.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a device for evaluating the cross wedge rolling performance of a ring sample. Wherein, figure (a) is a front view assembly diagram of a groove die, a ring sample and other parts, wherein V is the moving speed of an upper die, figure (b) is an assembly left view, (c) is an assembly top view, and (d) is an assembly partial view. In the figure, 1 is a lower die, 2 is an upper die, 3 is a circular ring sample, 4 is a clamping tool, and 5 is a fixing piece.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the change in ellipticity of a ring sample during movement.
The left side of fig. 4 is a graph showing the ellipticity results of the ring samples of different metals after being rolled at room temperature, and the right side of fig. 4 is a graph showing the ellipticity results of the ring samples of No. 45 steel after being rolled at different temperatures.
Detailed Description
In the specific implementation process, if the forming performance of the material at high temperature is evaluated, the annular sample is required to be heated to a set temperature before rolling, and if the forming performance of the material at room temperature is evaluated, the heating step is omitted; adjusting the gap between the groove type upper die and the groove type lower die according to the design depression; rolling the annular sample by adopting a plate type wedge cross rolling mill with a groove type die; and measuring the ellipticity of the rolled deformation sample and using the ellipticity as an evaluation index to evaluate the cross wedge rolling forming performance of different materials under the same process condition or evaluate the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the same material under different process conditions. In the invention, GH4169, GH2132 and 45 steel ring samples are selected as the evaluation objects of the room temperature forming test, and 45 steel ring samples are selected as the evaluation objects of the high temperature forming test.
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
Example 1
1. Defining the mould and sample dimensions
As shown in figures 1-2, a die and a sample used in the material wedge cross rolling forming performance evaluation method of a circular ring sample are provided, wherein a groove U is formed in the middle of the die (an upper die 2 and a lower die 1), the bottom surface of the groove U is of a combined structure of a first horizontal section U1, an inclined section U2 and a second horizontal section U3, the front part of the bottom surface of the groove U is the first horizontal section U1, the first horizontal section U1 plays a role in placing the sample, the rear part of the bottom surface of the groove U is the second horizontal section U3, the bottom surface of the groove U between the first horizontal section U1 and the second horizontal section U3 is the inclined section U2, the inclined section U2 is inclined upwards from the first horizontal section U1 to the second horizontal section U3, and the bottom surface of the groove U is inclined at a certain angle so as to ensure that a certain deformation amount is generated in the rolling process of the circular ring sample. An inclination angle beta exists on two sides of the groove U, the inclination angle alpha is required to be processed on two sides of the ring sample 3, the alpha is more than or equal to beta, the width N of the bottom of the groove is more than or equal to the thickness W of the outer side of the ring sample, namely (N is more than or equal to W), and the effect is that: and the contact area between the ring sample and the groove is prevented from being too large in the movement process of the ring sample, so that the rolling of the sample is prevented from being influenced.
The ranges of die and ring sample size parameters are shown in table 1. In this example, the mold and sample dimensions selected are shown in Table 2.
Table 1 evaluation experiment mold and sample size parameter table
Table 2 selected die and sample size parameter table
As shown in fig. 2, the device used in the method for evaluating the cross wedge rolling performance of the ring sample material mainly comprises: a lower die 1, an upper die 2, a circular ring sample 3, a clamping tool 4 and a fixing piece 5. The specific assembly relation is as follows: the upper die 2 and the lower die 1 are fixed on the plate type cross wedge rolling mill, the front parts of grooves of the upper die 2 and the lower die 1 are vertically corresponding, the circular ring sample 3 is positioned between the front parts of the grooves of the upper die 2 and the lower die 1, the end face of the lower die 1 is provided with a fixing piece 5, one end of the fixing piece 5 is connected with the end face of the lower die 1, the other end of the fixing piece 5 is connected with one end of a clamping tool 4, the other end of the clamping tool 4 clamps the circular ring sample 3, and the clamping tool 4 can move along the horizontal direction to control the position of the circular ring sample 3.
2. The upper die 2 and the lower die 1 are assembled on a plate wedge cross rolling mill, the gap between the upper die 2 and the lower die 1 is adjusted to determine the rolling reduction of the ring sample 3, and the moving speed V of the upper die 2 is set to be 500mm/s.
3. The metal ring forming properties of GH4169, GH2132 and 45 steel were tested at room temperature, respectively, and ring sample 3 was placed on the lower mold 1 in sequence and fixed with the clamping tool 4.
4. The plate cross wedge rolling mill was started and the upper die 2 was moved 640mm at a speed of 500mm/s. And recording the movement and deformation process of the circular ring sample by adopting a high-speed movement camera.
5. After the experiment is completed, the maximum and minimum values of the outer diameter of the deformed ring sample are measured, and the ellipticity of the ring sample is calculated.
Example 2
1. The ranges of die and ring sample size parameters are shown in table 1. In this example, the mold and sample dimensions selected are shown in Table 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the device used in the method for evaluating the cross wedge rolling performance of the ring sample material mainly comprises: a lower die 1, an upper die 2, a circular ring sample 3, a clamping tool 4 and a fixing piece 5. The specific assembly relation is as follows: the upper die 2 and the lower die 1 are fixed on the plate type cross wedge rolling mill, the front parts of grooves of the upper die 2 and the lower die 1 are vertically corresponding, the circular ring sample 3 is positioned between the front parts of the grooves of the upper die 2 and the lower die 1, the end face of the lower die 1 is provided with a fixing piece 5, one end of the fixing piece 5 is connected with the end face of the lower die 1, the other end of the fixing piece 5 is connected with one end of a clamping tool 4, the other end of the clamping tool 4 clamps the circular ring sample 3, and the clamping tool 4 can move along the horizontal direction to control the position of the circular ring sample 3.
2. The upper die 2 and the lower die 1 are assembled on a plate wedge cross rolling mill, the gap between the upper die 2 and the lower die 1 is adjusted to determine the rolling reduction of the ring sample, and the moving speed V of the upper die 2 is set to be 500mm/s.
3. The ring sample of No. 45 steel is heated to 800 ℃, 900 ℃, 1000 ℃ by a high-temperature heating furnace respectively, and the ring sample 3 is quickly placed on the lower die 1 after reaching the temperature and is fixed by a clamping tool 4.
4. The plate cross wedge rolling mill was started and the upper die 2 was moved 640mm at a speed of 500mm/s. And recording the movement and deformation process of the circular ring sample by adopting a high-speed movement camera.
5. After the experiment is completed, the maximum and minimum values of the outer diameter of the deformed ring sample are measured, and the ellipticity of the ring sample is calculated.
As shown in fig. 3, as can be seen from the schematic diagram of the change of the ellipticity of the ring sample during the movement, the relation between the movement distance and the ellipticity of the ring sample is reflected, and the ring sample is kept at a stable ellipticity value after a certain rolling distance.
As shown in fig. 4, the left half is the ellipticity result of the ring sample of different metals after being rolled at room temperature, and the right half is the ellipticity result of the ring sample of No. 45 steel after being rolled at different temperatures. As can be seen from fig. 4, the minimum ellipticity of GH2132 at room temperature indicates that the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the GH2132 material is better than that of GH4169 and steel No. 45, and the cross wedge rolling forming performance of steel No. 45 is poorer. The ellipticity of the No. 45 steel is continuously reduced along with the temperature rise at high temperature, which shows that the temperature rise can improve the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the No. 45 steel.
The results of the embodiment show that the evaluation method provided by the invention is suitable for cross wedge rolling forming performance of different materials under the same process condition at room temperature or high temperature, or evaluating the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the same material under different process conditions, and can also be used for evaluating the cross wedge rolling forming performance of hollow shaft parts. The invention is effective and visual, and can provide guidance for the design of the roll forming process of the metal shaft parts.
Claims (7)
1. A material cross wedge rolling forming performance evaluation method based on a ring sample is characterized in that the deformation process of the ring sample is based on the characteristics and principles of plate cross wedge rolling, the ring sample with an inclined angle at the outer diameter edge is used for forming performance evaluation experiments on a plate cross wedge rolling machine provided with a groove type upper die and a groove type lower die, and the ellipticity of the ring sample after rolling is used as an evaluation index of cross wedge rolling forming performance;
the outer diameter edge of the circular ring sample is provided with an inclined angle, the thickness of the circular ring sample gradually decreases along with the increase of the diameter, a horizontal section exists at the front parts of the bottom surfaces of the grooves of the upper die and the lower die, and the inclined angles of the two sides of the grooves of the upper die and the lower die are smaller than or equal to the inclined angle of the edge of the circular ring sample.
2. The method for evaluating cross wedge rolling forming performance of a material based on a circular ring sample according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
A. selecting a group of size parameters within the designed size parameter range of the die and the ring sample to process the die and the ring sample;
B. the groove type upper die and the groove type lower die are arranged on a plate type wedge cross rolling mill, the gap between the upper die and the groove type lower die is adjusted to determine the rolling reduction of a sample during rolling, and the speed parameter during rolling is set;
C. when the forming performance of the ring sample at high temperature is evaluated, the ring sample is heated, and the step is omitted at room temperature;
D. erecting a high-speed moving camera for recording the movement and deformation process of the circular ring sample;
E. placing the ring sample at the initial position of the lower die, and starting the rolling mill to finish rolling deformation of the ring sample;
F. measuring the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter of the radial section profile of the deformed ring sample after rolling, and calculating the formula X=K according to the outside diameter ellipticity X of the ring max /K min Obtaining the ellipticity of the outer diameter of the circular ring for evaluating the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the material, wherein K is max Represents the maximum value of the outer diameter of the rolled ring, K min Represents the minimum value of the outer diameter of the rolled ring;
G. further establishing a relation between process conditions and the ellipticity of the rolled circular ring, wherein the process conditions comprise rolling speed, rolling reduction and rolling temperature.
3. The method for evaluating cross wedge rolling forming performance of a material based on a circular ring sample according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the deformation principle in the forming process of the circular ring sample is similar to the cross wedge rolling deformation principle.
4. The method for evaluating the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the material based on the circular ring sample according to claim 1, wherein the width of the bottoms of the grooves of the upper die and the lower die is larger than or equal to the thickness of the outer side of the circular ring sample, and the thickness of the outer side of the circular ring is larger than or equal to 4mm in order to ensure the normal rolling of the circular ring sample.
5. The method for evaluating the cross wedge rolling forming performance of a material based on a circular ring sample according to claim 1, wherein the experimental device for evaluating the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the material comprises: the lower die, the upper die, the clamping tool and the fixing piece are specifically assembled in the following relation: the upper die and the lower die are fixed on the plate type cross wedge rolling mill, the front parts of grooves of the upper die and the lower die are vertically corresponding, the ring sample is positioned between the front parts of the grooves of the upper die and the lower die, the end face of the lower die is provided with a fixing piece, one end of the fixing piece is connected with the end face of the lower die, the other end of the fixing piece is connected with one end of a clamping tool, the other end of the clamping tool clamps the ring sample, and the clamping tool moves along the horizontal direction to control the position of the ring sample.
6. The method for evaluating the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the material based on the circular ring sample according to claim 1, wherein the method is suitable for a rolling performance evaluation experiment at room temperature to 1200 ℃ according to different materials of the metal circular ring sample.
7. The method for evaluating the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the material based on the circular ring sample according to claim 1, wherein the rolling reduction of the circular ring sample is set before rolling, and the ellipticity of the deformed metal circular ring sample is measured after rolling; in experimental results of different process conditions or different materials, the more the ellipticity of the rolled ring sample is close to 1, the better the cross wedge rolling forming performance of the process conditions or the materials is considered; otherwise, the worse.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4553297A (en) * | 1984-03-29 | 1985-11-19 | White Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Hydro-mechanical inflatable crown roll |
| RU2128329C1 (en) * | 1996-07-01 | 1999-03-27 | Пермский государственный технический университет | Process determining index of deformation of material |
| CN111438190A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-07-24 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Plate type wedge cross rolling mill |
| CN112207129A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-12 | 盐城市联鑫钢铁有限公司 | Detection control method for out-of-roundness of base circle of hot-rolled ribbed steel bar |
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2021
- 2021-12-15 CN CN202111537962.7A patent/CN114371073B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4553297A (en) * | 1984-03-29 | 1985-11-19 | White Consolidated Industries, Inc. | Hydro-mechanical inflatable crown roll |
| RU2128329C1 (en) * | 1996-07-01 | 1999-03-27 | Пермский государственный технический университет | Process determining index of deformation of material |
| CN111438190A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-07-24 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Plate type wedge cross rolling mill |
| CN112207129A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-12 | 盐城市联鑫钢铁有限公司 | Detection control method for out-of-roundness of base circle of hot-rolled ribbed steel bar |
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| 工艺参数对楔横轧厚壁空心轴不圆度的影响;江洋等;《塑性工程学报》;第19卷(第1期);21-25页 * |
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