CN107328646A - A kind of hot extrusion abrasion accelerated test method and coating die failure prediction experiment device - Google Patents
A kind of hot extrusion abrasion accelerated test method and coating die failure prediction experiment device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107328646A CN107328646A CN201710473994.2A CN201710473994A CN107328646A CN 107328646 A CN107328646 A CN 107328646A CN 201710473994 A CN201710473994 A CN 201710473994A CN 107328646 A CN107328646 A CN 107328646A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of hot extrusion abrasion accelerated test method and coating die failure prediction experiment device, including controller, motor, telescoping mechanism and heating furnace, motor and telescoping mechanism are connected with workpiece sample and hot-work die sample respectively, workpiece sample is located in heating furnace, and the fixture of telescoping mechanism is provided with sonic transducer；During experiment, workpiece sample is pressed into contact with and spin friction under the heating of heating furnace with hot-work die sample, hot extrusion process is modeled by Finite Element Simulation Software and deforming simulation, thrust and rotating speed when calculating experiment according to Plastic Forming stress analysis formula, after setting time and number of times is reached, the wear condition of hot-work die sample is detected, or until sonic transducer measures the coating destruction of hot-work die sample or peels off signal, predicts the coating life-span of hot-work die sample.The present invention meets service condition and process in hot extrusion process, can quickly enter state of plastic deformation, realizes abrasional behavior test and life prediction.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hot-work die experiment field, and in particular to a kind of hot extrusion abrasion accelerated test method and coating mould
Has failure prediction experimental rig.
Background technology
Hot-work die (e.g., hot-forging die, hot extruding die, drop stamping mould, compression mod, mold for forming glass etc.) is by heating
The frock of required product is made in metal or liquid metals, and hot-work die bears high temperature action simultaneously during work and mechanical stress is made
With for a long time using that can produce the defects such as abrasion, fatigue crack, plastic deformation so as to cause failure, general hot-work die must
It must regularly replace, using the heat of surface engineering technology (e.g., plasma cladding/built-up welding, laser melting coating/built-up welding, surface spraying etc.)
Make die surface with one or more layers high-performance coating, can not only strengthen surface of hot working die performance to extend replacing
Time, it can also repair and scrap hot-work die to reuse.
Hot-work die (especially hot extruding die) is in extrusion process, and type groove surface can be produced by high-temperature metal mobilization
Raw frictional force, in order to measure under actual working conditions the antiwear property of hot-work die and bear heating power load-carrying ability, it is necessary to
Make a service test, such as：Ball wear is tested, and the experiment is used for the polishing machine for testing metal blank, but does not account for metal
Plastic deformation influence to its polishing machine of the plate in forming process always；Lath extrusion experiment, by metal blank with it is static
Bar molds and workbench between occur relative to slide to simulate friction behavior, but the complicated metal stream that flow of metal is brought
Dynamic phenomenon fails really to be embodied in this experiment；The stretch bending of U-shaped part is tested, and the experiment is used for test material friction
Polishing machine, but the abrasional behavior of punching course can only be simulated；Twist compression is tested, and the experiment can simulate shearing friction
Abrasion, meets wear process shear strain, but the experiment can not realize that mould in hot extrusion process occurs at high temperature under high pressure
The simulation of plastic deformation.
As can be seen that there is problems with existing hot-work die performance test：1) parts extruding production can not be embodied
The process of middle mould heating power stand under load, thus can not correctly characterize performance of the material under the conditions of hot extrusion Service Environment, experiment knot
Fruit reference value is relatively low；2) test period length, cost are high, it is impossible to measure hot-work die damage failure evolution process；3) for
Using the hot-work die of surface engineering technology, it is impossible to carry out life prediction.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of hot extrusion abrasion accelerated test method and coating die failure prediction experiment dress
Put, the present invention meets service condition and process in hot extrusion process, can quickly enter state of plastic deformation, realize abrasion
Performance testing and life prediction.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of hot extrusion abrasion accelerated test method, before experiment, workpiece sample is placed in by fixture with motor connection
In heating furnace, hot-work die sample is connected by fixture with telescoping mechanism and workpiece sample is pointed to, in the fixture of telescoping mechanism
Upper setting sonic transducer, is modeled and deforming simulation by Finite Element Simulation Software to hot extrusion process, is obtained hot extrusion and is pressed through
The stress state value of plastically deforming area in journey, hot-work die sample is calculated in hot extrusion according to Plastic Forming stress analysis formula
Suffered direct stress and moment of torsion and telescoping mechanism need to be provided when being converted into experiment thrust and motor need to be provided during pressure
Rotating speed；During experiment, workpiece sample under the thrust and rotating speed that calculate and the heating of heating furnace with hot-work die sample pressure
Close contact and spin friction, if setting test temperature, test period and test number (TN), experiment is issued in test temperature
After time and test number (TN), the wear condition of hot-work die sample is detected, if only setting test temperature, under test temperature
Until sonic transducer measures the coating destruction of hot-work die sample or peels off signal, termination test simultaneously records test period, in advance
Survey the coating life-span of hot-work die sample.
Further, stress state value is obtained from the plastically deforming area in hot extrusion process；Will be main in calculating process
Shearing stress plane is set to research object；Moment of torsion is obtained by the maximum shear stress of main shearing stress plane, and then obtains rotating speed；It is logical
The direct stress for crossing main shearing stress plane obtains normal pressure.
A kind of coating die failure prediction experiment device for the accelerated test method that worn and torn based on above-mentioned hot extrusion, including control
Device, testing stand and the motor being located on testing stand, telescoping mechanism and heating furnace, the output shaft of motor and stretching for telescoping mechanism
Contracting end is connected by fixture with workpiece sample and hot-work die sample respectively, and workpiece sample is located in heating furnace, telescoping mechanism
Fixture is provided with sonic transducer, and controller is connected with motor, heating furnace, sonic transducer and telescoping mechanism respectively.
Further, the annular groove that the outer end of workpiece sample is set provided with centrepin and around centrepin, hot-work die sample
Outer end is provided with the groove coordinated with centrepin and the bulge loop coordinated with annular groove.
Further, heating furnace is transverse pipe type resistance furnace, and heating-up temperature is adjustable within 900 DEG C.
Further, telescoping mechanism is Electrohydraulic push rod.
Further, the fixture of motor and telescoping mechanism is scroll chuck.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1) workpiece sample and hot-work die sample simulate the plastic deformation in hot extrusion process using pressure-torsion system,
Direct stress and moment of torsion using plastically deforming area meets the Service Environment of direct stress and shearing force in hot extrusion process as object, pressure
Power and rotating speed are adjustable, realize the true simulation that direct stress occurs plastic deformation with shear stress synergy and failed, together
When, heating furnace bit test provides the environment of a heating, truly reflects hot extrusion process.
2) when direct stress is not enough to allow material to be plastically deformed into mecystasis, it can be entered by adding moment of torsion
Mecystasis, the present invention is acted on simultaneously by direct stress and moment of torsion, is quickly entered state of plastic deformation, is accelerated experiment.
3) compression that telescoping mechanism need to be provided when obtaining experiment is calculated by Finite Element Simulation Software and mechanics of materials formula
The rotating speed that power and motor need to be provided, truly reflects the service condition in hot extrusion process, realizes the mill in hot extrusion process
Damage performance testing.
4) when the coating of hot-work die sample is due to long-time friction destruction or peeling, the matrix of hot-work die sample is straight
Connect with workpiece sample contacts, because coefficient of friction is different, the friction sound sent changes, and sonic transducer is that can obtain signal, from
And carry out life prediction.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of hot-work die sample in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of workpiece sample in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is cylinder pressure-torsion composite deformation schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is forward extrusion and backward extrusion plastically deforming area stress state schematic diagram.
In figure：1- testing stands；2- motors；3- fixtures；4- workpiece samples；5- heating furnaces；6- hot-work die samples；7- sound
Sensor；8- telescoping mechanisms.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of coating die failure prediction experiment device, including controller, testing stand 1 and it is located at experiment
Motor 2, telescoping mechanism 8 and heating furnace 5 on platform 1, the output shaft of motor 2 and the telescopic end of telescoping mechanism 8 pass through fixture respectively
3 are connected with workpiece sample 4 and hot-work die sample 6, and workpiece sample 4 is located in heating furnace 5, is set on the fixture 3 of telescoping mechanism 8
Voicing sensor 7, controller is connected with motor 2, heating furnace 5, sonic transducer 7 and telescoping mechanism 8 respectively.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, the outer end of workpiece sample 4 is set provided with centrepin and around centrepin
Annular groove, the outer end of hot-work die sample 6 is provided with the groove coordinated with centrepin and the bulge loop coordinated with annular groove.The He of workpiece sample 4
The contact surface of hot-work die sample 6 is annular, and area is small, stress is big, and stress amplitude is high in hot extrusion process, is rotated simultaneously
It is centrally located at outside contact surface, the friction between contact surface is relatively more uniform；The annular groove of workpiece sample 4 is in the case of high stress
Limit the plastic flow deformation of material, it is therefore prevented that shadow of the flowing that material is plastically deformed in the presence of heating power load to experiment
Ring, centrepin is conducive to positioning.
In the present embodiment, heating furnace 5 is transverse pipe type resistance furnace, and heating-up temperature is adjustable within 900 DEG C.Transverse pipe type
Resistance furnace is easy for installation, simple to operate, is easy to moving horizontally for sample, and adjustable hot environment is provided for experiment.Telescoping mechanism
8 be Electrohydraulic push rod, and Electrohydraulic push rod pressure greatly and stably, can adjust pressure size according to requirement of experiment.Motor 2 and telescoping mechanism 8
Fixture 3 be scroll chuck, scroll chuck is simple to operate, easy to loading and unloading.
The present invention hot extrusion abrasion accelerated test method be：Before experiment, workpiece sample 4 is connected by fixture 3 with motor 2
Connect and be placed in heating furnace 5, hot-work die sample 6 is connected by fixture 3 with telescoping mechanism 8 and workpiece sample 4 is pointed to,
Sonic transducer 7 is set on the fixture 3 of telescoping mechanism 8, hot extrusion pressed through by Finite Element Simulation Software (e.g., deform softwares)
Journey is modeled and deforming simulation, the stress state value of plastically deforming area in hot extrusion process is obtained, according to mechanics of materials formula
Telescoping mechanism 8 is needed when calculating the direct stress suffered in hot extrusion process of hot-work die sample 6 and moment of torsion and being converted into experiment
The rotating speed that the thrust and motor 2 of offer need to be provided；During experiment, workpiece sample 4 is in the thrust and rotating speed calculated and adds
It is pressed into contact with the heating of hot stove 5 with hot-work die sample 6 and spin friction, if setting test temperature, test period and examination
Test number of times, then after test temperature is issued to test period and test number (TN), the wear condition of detection hot-work die sample 6, if
Only setting test temperature, then wait until that sonic transducer 7 measures the coating destruction of hot-work die sample 6 or peeled off under test temperature
During signal, termination test simultaneously records test period, the coating life-span of prediction hot-work die sample 6.
By taking cylinder as an example, the detailed process for the rotating speed that the thrust and motor 2 that calculating telescoping mechanism 8 need to be provided need to be provided
For：
Not only plus-pressure load p, while also applying a moment of torsion M, one is cut along the meridian plane of cylinder on the cylinder
Individual micro unit body (as shown in Figure 5), the micro unit body is in two to stress state, and the components of stress thereon are：
σZ=σ
τZQ=τQZ=τ
Wherein σZIt is the stress in z directions, σ is the compression of cylinder, τZQIt is the shearing stress of ZQ planes, τQZIt is and τZQIt is right
The shearing stress answered, A is the sectional area of cylinder, and τ is the shear stress that moment of torsion M is produced on micro unit body, and τ≤τS, τSFor
The shear flow stress of material.
The value of three principal stresses on micro unit body can be calculated according to stress state characteristic equation, σ is used respectively1、σ2、
σ3Represent：
By principal stress σ1、σ2、σ3Value substitute into bend Leix add in yield criterion and can obtain：
σ1-σ3=σS
Wherein σSThe yield stress of material when being acted on for uniaxial pressure.
It can be obtained by two above formula：
It can be seen that above formula is using compression stress ot and shear stress τ as the elliptic equation curve of coordinate variable, as long as making
It is not zero with the shear stress τ on micro unit body, i.e. moment of torsion M is not zero, then reaches the compression required for state of plastic deformation
σ will be less than the yield stress σ of material when uniaxial pressure is acted onS, that is to say, that when compression stress ot is not enough to allow material to enter modeling
, can be by adding moment of torsion when character state is plastically deformed, sample material, which enters in mecystasis, pressure-torsion system, presses
The collective effect of power and moment of torsion, can quickly make the material of workpiece sample 4 enter mecystasis.
Hot extrusion process is simulated using Plastic Forming Finite Element Simulation Software, deformed area is determined according to deformation state, is being become
Choose the σ of area's representative point in shape areax、σy、σz、τxy、τxz、τyzAs long as value in the point of deformed area, can take, without special
Point out there is stress state characteristic equation：
σ3-J1σ2-J2σ-J3=0
J1=σx+σy+σz
J2=-(σxσy+σyσxz+σzσx)
J3=σxσyσz+2τxyτyzτzx-(σxτyz 2+σyτzx 2+σzτxy 2)
In tool, σxIt is stress, the σ of X-directionyIt is stress, the σ of Y-directionzIt is stress, the τ of Z-directionxyIt is that cutting for X/Y plane should
Power, τxzIt is shearing stress, the τ of XZ planesyzIt is shearing stress, the J of YZ planes1It is the first invariant, the J of stress tensor2It is stress
The second invariant, the J of amount3It is the 3rd invariant of stress tensor.
According to features described above equation, principal stress σ can obtain1、σ2、σ3Value, due to the stress studies in hot extrusion process
Based on shearing stress, so main shearing stress plane is set into research object in calculating process, it is known that σ1And σ3Value, can calculate most
Big shearing stress τMaxFor：
During round shaft distorion, the maximum shear stress formula on cross section：
Wherein, WPTo reverse section factor, when annular is in section：
Wherein d is the internal diameter of ring specimen, and D is the external diameter of ring specimen.
Moment of torsion M value can be calculated by three above formula, the rotating speed n of motor 2 is understood further according to below equation：
Wherein, PiIt is the power of motor.
Due to：
It is τ in tool31It is in 45 ° of shearing stress intersected in winner's shearing stress plane with 13 principal planes.
The then direct stress σ in main shearing stress plane31For：
Then pressure P value can be obtained：
P=σ A=σ31A
Pressure P and the rotating speed n of motor 2 value can be obtained by calculating, the experiment parameter parameter in experimentation is optimized,
Improve the authenticity of experiment.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1) workpiece sample 4 and hot-work die sample 6 are become using the plasticity in pressure-torsion system simulation hot extrusion process
Shape, the direct stress and moment of torsion using plastically deforming area meets direct stress and the military service ring of shearing force in hot extrusion process as object
Border, pressure and rotating speed are adjustable, realize the true mould that direct stress occurs plastic deformation with shear stress synergy and failed
Intend, meanwhile, the bit test of heating furnace 5 provides the environment of a heating, truly reflects hot extrusion process.
2) when direct stress is not enough to allow material to be plastically deformed into mecystasis, it can be entered by adding moment of torsion
Mecystasis, the present invention is acted on simultaneously by direct stress and moment of torsion, is quickly entered state of plastic deformation, is accelerated experiment.
3) compression that telescoping mechanism 8 need to be provided when obtaining experiment is calculated by Finite Element Simulation Software and mechanics of materials formula
The rotating speed that power and motor 2 need to be provided, truly reflects the service condition in hot extrusion process, realizes in hot extrusion process
Abrasional behavior is tested.
4) when the coating of hot-work die sample 6 is due to long-time friction destruction or peeling, the matrix of hot-work die sample 6
Directly contacted with workpiece sample 4, because coefficient of friction is different, the friction sound sent changes, and sonic transducer 7 can obtain letter
Number, so as to carry out life prediction.
It should be appreciated that for those of ordinary skills, can according to the above description be improved or converted,
And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
- The accelerated test method 1. a kind of hot extrusion is worn and torn, it is characterised in that：Before experiment, workpiece sample is connected by fixture and motor Connect and be placed in heating furnace, hot-work die sample is connected by fixture with telescoping mechanism and workpiece sample is pointed to, in telescopic machine Sonic transducer is set on the fixture of structure, hot extrusion process is modeled by Finite Element Simulation Software and deforming simulation, obtained The stress state value of plastically deforming area in hot extrusion process, hot-work die sample is calculated according to Plastic Forming stress analysis formula Suffered direct stress and moment of torsion and telescoping mechanism need to be provided when being converted into experiment thrust and motor are needed in hot extrusion process The rotating speed of offer；During experiment, workpiece sample under the thrust and rotating speed that calculate and the heating of heating furnace with hot-work die Sample is pressed into contact with and spin friction, if setting test temperature, test period and test number (TN), is issued in test temperature After test period and test number (TN), the wear condition of hot-work die sample is detected, if only setting test temperature, in test temperature Under when sonic transducer measure hot-work die sample coating destruction or peel off signal when, termination test simultaneously records test period, Predict the coating life-span of hot-work die sample.
- The accelerated test method 2. hot extrusion as claimed in claim 1 is worn and torn, it is characterised in that：Stress state value is from hot extrusion During plastically deforming area obtained；Main shearing stress plane is set to research object in calculating process；It is flat by main shearing stress The maximum shear stress in face obtains moment of torsion, and then obtains rotating speed；Normal pressure is obtained by the direct stress of main shearing stress plane.
- 3. a kind of coating die failure prediction experiment device for the accelerated test method that worn and torn based on above-mentioned hot extrusion, its feature is existed In：Including controller, testing stand and the motor being located on testing stand, telescoping mechanism and heating furnace, the output shaft of motor and stretch The telescopic end of contracting mechanism is connected by fixture with workpiece sample and hot-work die sample respectively, and workpiece sample is located in heating furnace, The fixture of telescoping mechanism is provided with sonic transducer, and controller is connected with motor, heating furnace, sonic transducer and telescoping mechanism respectively.
- 4. coating die failure prediction experiment device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：The outer end of workpiece sample is provided with Centrepin and the annular groove set around centrepin, the outer end of hot-work die sample are provided with the groove coordinated with centrepin and matched somebody with somebody with annular groove The bulge loop of conjunction.
- 5. coating die failure prediction experiment device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：Heating furnace is transverse pipe type electricity Stove is hindered, heating-up temperature is adjustable within 900 DEG C.
- 6. coating die failure prediction experiment device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：Telescoping mechanism pushes away to be electro-hydraulic Bar.
- 7. coating die failure prediction experiment device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：The folder of motor and telescoping mechanism Tool is scroll chuck.
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| CN107808064A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-16 | 武汉理工大学 | The Optimization Design of the short route extrusion forming process of blast-furnace tuyere front end cap body |
| CN109086489A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-25 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of the energy consumption modeling and analysis method of diffluence combination die extrusion molding |
| CN109342239A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-02-15 | 浙江染化宝检测服务有限公司 | A kind of leather abrasion wear test machine |
| CN110793873A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-02-14 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for preventing deformation of sample during heating from influencing test precision |
| CN114184634A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-15 | 贵州师范大学 | Temperature deformation method and device under controllable medium |
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| CN109086489A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-25 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of the energy consumption modeling and analysis method of diffluence combination die extrusion molding |
| CN109086489B (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2022-02-08 | 广东工业大学 | Energy consumption modeling and analyzing method for extrusion molding of split-flow combined die |
| CN109342239A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-02-15 | 浙江染化宝检测服务有限公司 | A kind of leather abrasion wear test machine |
| CN110793873A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-02-14 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for preventing deformation of sample during heating from influencing test precision |
| CN110793873B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-12-24 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for preventing deformation of sample during heating from influencing test precision |
| CN114184634A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-15 | 贵州师范大学 | Temperature deformation method and device under controllable medium |
| CN114184634B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2024-02-02 | 贵州师范大学 | Temperature deformation method and device under controllable medium |
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