CN114184634A - Temperature deformation method and device under controllable medium - Google Patents
Temperature deformation method and device under controllable medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN114184634A CN114184634A CN202111498739.6A CN202111498739A CN114184634A CN 114184634 A CN114184634 A CN 114184634A CN 202111498739 A CN202111498739 A CN 202111498739A CN 114184634 A CN114184634 A CN 114184634A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a temperature deformation method and a temperature deformation device under a controllable medium, wherein the temperature deformation device comprises a power chamber protective cover and a heating chamber protective cover, a speed regulating motor is installed in the power chamber protective cover, the output shaft end of the speed regulating motor is connected with the input end of a speed changing gear set, the output end of the speed changing gear set is connected with a transmission shaft, the other end of the transmission shaft is provided with a connecting flange, a stainless steel tank is fixed on the connecting flange through bolts, and the stainless steel tank is connected with two gas valves. The method solves the problems that the prior surface alloying and deformation treatment have certain advantages and disadvantages and are difficult to balance, and the cold processing deformation and the hot processing deformation in the deformation treatment can not realize the matching of the strength and the fatigue resistance, and can realize the accurate control of the process parameters such as the deformation medium type, the medium concentration, the medium pressure, the temperature deformation temperature, the deformation time, the tank body rotation speed and the like so as to achieve good temperature deformation effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metals, in particular to a temperature deformation method and a temperature deformation device under a controllable medium.
Background
The failure of the material is usually from the surface, and the fatigue resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like of the material are closely related to the material structure. Research shows that the microstructure can influence both the yield strength and the fatigue crack propagation rate. The improvement of the service performance of the material surface can be realized by improving the surface hardness, refining crystal grains, generating residual compressive stress and the like. The service performance of the material surface can be improved by increasing the hardness of the material surface through surface alloying, but the technology easily causes the problems of increased brittleness of the surface layer, coarsening of the structure and the like; the deformation treatment can mainly generate larger residual compressive stress on the surface of the material, simultaneously refine crystal grains on the surface of the material, and generate a large amount of defects and dislocations on the surface layer of the material through violent deformation, so that the service performance of the surface of the material is improved, but the normal-temperature mechanical deformation has limited strength promotion range, and the mechanical deformation is limited by the plastic deformation capacity of the material. Therefore, the deformation temperature is increased, the defects of respective technologies can be overcome by combining two surface modification processes of surface alloying and mechanical deformation strengthening, and the performances of fatigue resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like of the material can be greatly improved.
Structural materials such as low carbon steel, low alloy steel, stainless steel, titanium alloy and the like have the defects of low hardness, poor wear resistance and the like to different degrees, and in order to expand the application range of the metals and improve the surface performance of the metals, surface alloying or mechanical deformation is often adopted to strengthen the metals. However, the cold working deformation requires a large stress, the work hardening causes a large increase in dislocation density, thereby increasing the strength and hardness of the metal, but also reducing its ductility, and fracture occurs when the workpiece stress is excessively large; the hot working deformation easily causes uneven structure, and the work hardening effect is eliminated due to recrystallization, so that the strength is reduced; neither cold nor hot deformation allows matching of strength to fatigue resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a temperature deformation method and a temperature deformation device under a controllable medium, which aim to solve the problems that the prior surface alloying and deformation treatment in the background technology have certain advantages and disadvantages and are difficult to balance, and the matching of strength and fatigue resistance cannot be realized by cold processing deformation and hot processing deformation in the deformation treatment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a temperature deformation device under a controllable medium comprises a power chamber protective cover and a heating chamber protective cover, wherein a speed regulating motor is installed in the power chamber protective cover, the output shaft end of the speed regulating motor is connected with the input end of a speed changing gear set, the output end of the speed changing gear set is connected with a transmission shaft, the other end of the transmission shaft is provided with a connecting flange, a stainless steel tank is fixed on the connecting flange through bolts, a gas valve is connected onto the stainless steel tank, the number of the gas valve is two, a cast copper heating ring is arranged on the outer side of the stainless steel tank, the distance between the stainless steel tank and the cast copper heating ring is 0.5 cm-1 cm, collision between the stainless steel tank and the connecting flange when the stainless steel tank rotates is prevented, the connecting flange, the cast copper heating ring, the stainless steel tank and the gas valve are all located in the heating chamber protective cover, and the end face of the heating chamber protective cover is provided with a detection hole, an infrared thermometer is arranged at the upper end of the outer end of the heating chamber protective cover, a photoelectric probe of the infrared thermometer, a detection opening center and the stainless steel tank wall form a straight line, and the infrared thermometer and the heating chamber protective cover are supported by a fixed support; the temperature deformation device heats a workpiece in the stainless steel tank through the cast copper heating ring, measures the temperature of the tank body through the infrared thermometer, collects a temperature signal, and then adjusts the power of the heating coil through the control end, so as to finally realize the control of the treatment temperature of the stainless steel tank; the rotation speed of the stainless steel tank is measured by an encoder on the speed regulating motor and a signal is fed back to the control end, and the control end adjusts the frequency of the speed regulating motor through a frequency converter to realize the control of the rotation speed of the stainless steel tank.
Preferably, the inner wall of the stainless steel tank is annularly arrayed with three trapezoidal steps, the number of the trapezoidal steps is forty-five degrees to that of the stainless steel tank, the three trapezoidal steps are respectively positioned at the upper part of the tank wall of the stainless steel tank, the middle part of the stainless steel tank and the lower part of the stainless steel tank, grinding balls are placed in the stainless steel tank, and the number of the grinding balls is multiple; the three trapezoidal steps are arranged to prevent the workpiece and the grinding ball from doing circular motion when the rotating speed is too high, and increase the impact force between the workpiece and the grinding ball, so that the workpiece and the grinding ball do parabolic motion in the tank.
Preferably, a bottom channel steel frame is further arranged in the power chamber protective cover, the speed regulating motor is fixed on the bottom channel steel frame through a mounting disc, a supporting bearing seat is further arranged on the bottom channel steel frame, the transmission shaft rotates in the supporting bearing seat, a refractory brick supporting frame is further arranged in the heating chamber protective cover, the cast copper heating ring is fixed at the upper end of the refractory brick supporting frame, and a heat insulation assembly is arranged at the connecting position of the stainless steel tank and the connecting flange; the support and protection functions of various components are mainly realized.
Preferably, refractory bricks are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the cast copper heating ring; the refractory brick on the cast copper heating ring can prevent the heating from damaging the steel frame.
A temperature deformation method under a controllable medium comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: grinding, polishing and cleaning the surface of a workpiece needing thermal deformation strengthening treatment, then placing the workpiece into a stainless steel tank, adding a solid medium or a liquid medium, sealing and detecting leakage, repeatedly vacuumizing, introducing high-purity nitrogen or argon to remove air in the tank, and adding gas to a preset pressure through a gas valve if a gas medium is needed;
step two: fixing a stainless steel tank with a connecting flange through a bolt, fixing a cast copper heating ring, controlling to start a power supply of a speed regulating motor at a control end, heating the stainless steel tank by using the cast copper heating ring, and synchronously monitoring the surface temperature of a workpiece by using an infrared thermometer;
step three: the infrared thermometer and the encoders on the speed regulating motor respectively feed back a temperature signal and a rotating speed signal to the control end, and the control end controls the temperature and the rotating speed of the stainless steel tank;
step four: performing temperature deformation on the workpiece in a stainless steel tank, wherein the temperature deformation processing time range is 1-72 h, timing is started after the temperature is reached, the temperature deformation device automatically turns off a power supply after the time is over, and the temperature deformation is stopped;
step five: after the stainless steel tank is cooled to room temperature, taking out the workpiece to complete the warm deformation treatment;
the method realizes the temperature deformation treatment of the workpiece under the controllable medium, namely simultaneously carries out surface mechanochemical composite treatment, and solves the problems that the prior surface alloying and deformation treatment have certain advantages and disadvantages and are difficult to balance, and the cold processing deformation and the hot processing deformation can not realize the matching of the strength and the fatigue resistance in the deformation treatment by combining the surface chemical heat treatment with the low temperature deformation process.
Preferably, in the first step, the workpiece to be subjected to the warm deformation treatment is made of materials including but not limited to low carbon steel, low alloy steel, stainless steel and titanium alloy; structural materials such as low carbon steel, low alloy steel, stainless steel, titanium alloy and the like have the defects of low hardness, poor wear resistance and the like to different degrees, and in order to expand the application range of the metals and improve the surface performance of the metals, the metals are often strengthened by surface alloying or mechanical deformation; cold working deformation increases the strength and hardness of the metal, but also reduces ductility, and fracture occurs when the stress of the workpiece is too great; the hot working deformation easily causes the uneven structure and the reduction of the strength; the temperature deformation is carried out under the controllable medium, so that a certain strength is ensured, the fatigue crack propagation rate is reduced, and the method is the optimal deformation process for strength and fatigue resistance.
Preferably, in the first step, the solid medium comprises an intermetallic compound, graphene, graphite, zirconium oxide and boron; the gas medium comprises ammonia, nitrogen, methane and acetylene; the liquid medium comprises synthetic engine oil;
the medium improves the surface toughness of the workpiece in a diffusion and alloying mode.
Preferably, in the first step, the gas pressure in the stainless steel tank is in the range of-0.05 MPa to 0.15 MPa.
Preferably, in the third step, the heating temperature is 50-700 ℃; the range of rotation speeds is 0-350 r/min.
Preferably, in the operation of the temperature deformation device, the controllable parameters comprise the material type, the medium type and content, the rotating speed, the temperature, the time and the ball diameter quantity ratio.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the invention, the temperature deformation is carried out under the controllable medium, so that a certain strength is ensured, the fatigue crack propagation rate is reduced, and the method is the optimal deformation process for strength and fatigue resistance. The core of the method is that surface chemical treatment and temperature deformation are combined to perform surface layer strengthening treatment on the surface layers of structural materials such as low-carbon steel, low-alloy steel, stainless steel, titanium alloy and the like, so that a nano gradient strengthening layer with high hardness is obtained on the surface layers of the structural materials such as the low-carbon steel, the low-alloy steel, the stainless steel, the titanium alloy and the like, and the application range of the nano gradient strengthening layer is expanded. The surface chemical heat treatment and the low-temperature deformation process are combined, so that the problems that the existing surface alloying and deformation treatment have certain advantages and disadvantages and are difficult to balance, and the matching of strength and fatigue resistance cannot be realized by cold processing deformation and hot processing deformation in the deformation treatment are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a temperature deformation apparatus under a controllable medium of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a controlled media temperature deformation apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a cast copper heating ring and a stainless steel can of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic comparison graph of TLM titanium alloy prepared in example 1 before and after warm deformation;
FIG. 5 is a sectional hardness gradient curve before and after thermal deformation of the TLM titanium alloy in example 1.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the dry coefficient of friction of the TLM titanium alloy of example 1 before and after warm deformation.
FIG. 7 shows the three-dimensional wear scar morphology of the TLM titanium alloy of example 1 before and after thermal deformation.
FIG. 8 is a trace profile before and after warm deformation of the TLM titanium alloy of example 1.
FIG. 9 shows the amount of wear of the TLM titanium alloy of example 1 before and after warm deformation.
In the figure: 1. a power house shield; 2. a bottom channel steel frame; 3. a speed-regulating motor; 4. a speed change gear set; 5. supporting the bearing seat; 6. a drive shaft; 7. a heating chamber shield; 8. detecting the opening; 9. a connecting flange; 10. a refractory brick support frame; 11. casting copper heating rings; 12. a stainless steel can; 13. a gas valve; 14. an infrared thermometer; 15. fixing a bracket; 16. a trapezoidal step; 17. a refractory brick; 18. grinding balls; 19. an insulating assembly; 20. and (4) sampling.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a temperature deformation device and method for low-carbon steel, low-alloy steel and titanium alloy under a controllable medium to realize the combination of surface chemical heat treatment and low-temperature deformation process. In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1:
polishing and cleaning a columnar TLM titanium alloy workpiece with the specification of phi 16-8 mm, measuring the surface roughness of the TLM titanium alloy workpiece before medium-temperature deformation in a controllable medium by using a white light interferometer, and weighing the weight of the TLM titanium alloy workpiece before medium-temperature deformation in the controllable medium by using an analytical balance; putting the TLM titanium alloy workpiece subjected to the measurement into a 500ml stainless steel tank, and adding tungsten steel balls with the diameter of 10mm, the diameter of 8mm and the diameter of 5mm according to the ratio of 1:1: 2; the ball-to-feed ratio is 16: 1; and (3) sealing the stainless steel tank, introducing argon for washing for 2-3 times, introducing nitrogen with the pressure of-40 kPa into the stainless steel tank, and finally fixing the stainless steel tank on a temperature deformation device.
The temperature deformation setting parameters are as follows: the temperature is 500 ℃, the rotating speed is 250 r/min, the time is 5 h, after the deformation is finished, the TLM titanium alloy workpiece is taken out to carry out related detection and performance test, the temperature deformation strengthening treatment of the TLM titanium alloy workpiece under a controllable medium is completed, and therefore a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant composite strengthening layer is prepared on the workpiece.
The dry abrasion test adopts Al with the diameter of 7mm2O3The ball was subjected to reciprocating friction, Al in the test2O3The normal load of the ball is 5N, the rotating speed is 15mm/s, and the abrasion time is 1 h.
Fig. 4 is a metallographic comparison chart of the TLM titanium alloy prepared in example 1 before and after warm deformation, after the TLM titanium alloy is subjected to warm deformation treatment, the surface of the sample is impacted with a grinding ball at a high speed in a tank, and a large amount of shot flow continuously acts on the surface of the sample, so that the surface of the sample is subjected to severe plastic deformation to generate dislocation, grain boundaries and subgrain boundaries. The grain refinement of the surface layer of the material leads the grain boundary density to be greatly increased, and is beneficial to the increase of the penetration depth of the chemical elements on the surface of the material.
FIG. 5 is a sectional hardness gradient curve of the TLM titanium alloy obtained in example 1, and it can be seen from FIG. 5 that the TLM titanium alloy has a surface hardness increased by nearly 2 times after being subjected to a warm deformation treatment, and the TLM titanium alloy still has a hardness of 270 HV at a position 300 μm from the surface0.025220 HV higher than the hardness of the matrix0.25This is probably due to the fact that the overall hardness of the alloy is increased by the aging that occurs during the warm deformation.
Fig. 6 is a dry friction coefficient curve before and after the TLM titanium alloy is subjected to the warm deformation in example 1, and it can be seen from the graph that the TLM titanium alloy has a low friction coefficient region at the initial stage of the friction, and the low friction coefficient region rapidly increases after a certain period of time, and the friction coefficient of the TLM titanium alloy after the warm deformation treatment is always smaller than the original friction coefficient.
FIG. 7 shows the three-dimensional wear scar morphology of the TLM titanium alloy of example 1 before and after thermal deformation. As can be seen from the figure, the wear surface gully of the TLM titanium alloy after the warm deformation treatment is shallower compared with the original shape, and the width of the grinding crack and the surface roughness are both lower than the original shape, because the surface hardness of the alloy surface is greatly improved due to the double functions of fine grain strengthening and solid solution strengthening on the surface layer of the sample after the warm deformation treatment, the Al can be effectively slowed down2O3The cutting action of the ball on the surface, thereby inhibiting abrasive wear.
FIGS. 8 and 9 are profile curves of the grinding scar and the corresponding wear loss before and after the thermal deformation of the TLM titanium alloy in example 1, and it can be seen from FIG. 9 that the hardness of the surface of the sample is increased after the thermal deformation, the degree of wear of the surface is less than that of the sample, the depth of the grinding scar is 22.774 μm, and the wear loss is only 61% of the original value, which shows that the wear resistance of the material can be effectively improved after the thermal deformation treatment of the TLM titanium alloy.
According to fig. 4-9, the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant composite reinforcing layer prepared on the workpiece has practical effects, so that the workpiece obtains better performance.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a temperature deformation device under controllable medium, includes power room protection casing (1) and heating chamber protection casing (7), its characterized in that: install buncher (3) in power house protection casing (1), the output axle head of buncher (3) is connected with the input of change gear group (4), the output and transmission shaft (6) of change gear group (4) are connected, the other end of transmission shaft (6) is provided with flange (9), there is stainless steel jar (12) on flange (9) through the bolt fastening, be connected with gas valve (13) on stainless steel jar (12), gas valve (13) are provided with two, the outside of stainless steel jar (12) is provided with cast copper heating collar (11), and the distance between stainless steel jar (12) and cast copper heating collar (11) is 0.5 centimetre to 1 centimetre, and flange (9), cast copper heating collar (11), stainless steel jar (12) and gas valve (13) all are located heating chamber (7), the end face of the heating chamber protective cover (7) is provided with a detection hole (8), the upper end of the outer end of the heating chamber protective cover (7) is provided with an infrared thermometer (14), a photoelectric probe of the infrared thermometer (14), the center of the detection hole (8) and the wall of the stainless steel tank (12) form a straight line, and the infrared thermometer (14) and the heating chamber protective cover (7) are supported through a fixed support (15).
2. A medium-controlled thermal deformation apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein: stainless steel jar (12) inner wall annular array has trapezoidal step (16), and trapezoidal step (16) are forty-five degrees with stainless steel jar (12), and trapezoidal step (16) are provided with threely, and is three trapezoidal step (16) are located stainless steel jar (12) jar wall upper portion, stainless steel jar (12) centre and stainless steel jar (12) lower part respectively, ball (18) have been placed to the inside of stainless steel jar (12), and ball (18) are provided with a plurality of.
3. A medium-controlled thermal deformation apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein: still be provided with bottom channel steel frame (2) in power room protection casing (1), buncher (3) pass through the mounting disc to be fixed on bottom channel steel frame (2), still be provided with support bearing frame (5) on bottom channel steel frame (2), transmission shaft (6) are at support bearing frame (5) internal rotation, still be provided with resistant firebrick support frame (10) in heating chamber protection casing (7), cast copper heating collar (11) are fixed in resistant firebrick support frame (10) upper end, stainless steel jar (12) and flange (9) hookup location are provided with thermal-insulated subassembly (19).
4. A medium-controlled thermal deformation apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein: and refractory bricks (17) are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the cast copper heating ring (11).
5. A temperature deformation method under a controllable medium is realized based on a temperature deformation device under a controllable medium of any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: grinding, polishing and cleaning the surface of a workpiece needing thermal deformation strengthening treatment, then placing the workpiece into a stainless steel tank (12), adding a solid medium or a liquid medium, sealing and detecting leakage, repeatedly vacuumizing, introducing high-purity nitrogen or argon to remove air in the tank, and adding gas to a preset pressure through a gas valve (13) if a gas medium is required;
step two: fixing a stainless steel tank (12) with a connecting flange (9) through bolts, fixing a cast copper heating ring (11), controlling to start a power supply of a speed regulating motor (3) at a control end, simultaneously heating the stainless steel tank (12) by using the cast copper heating ring (11), and synchronously monitoring the surface temperature of a workpiece by using an infrared thermometer (14);
step three: encoders on the infrared thermometer (14) and the speed regulating motor (3) respectively feed back a temperature signal and a rotating speed signal to the control end, and the control end controls the temperature and the rotating speed of the stainless steel tank (12);
step four: performing temperature deformation on the workpiece in a stainless steel tank (12), wherein the temperature deformation processing time range is 1h to 72 h, and timing is started after the temperature is reached;
step five: and (3) after the stainless steel tank (12) is cooled to room temperature, taking out the workpiece, and finishing the warm deformation treatment.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the workpiece to be subjected to the warm deformation treatment is made of materials including but not limited to low carbon steel, low alloy steel, stainless steel and titanium alloy.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the solid medium comprises an intermetallic compound, graphene, graphite, zirconium oxide and boron; the gas medium comprises ammonia, nitrogen, methane and acetylene; the liquid medium includes synthetic motor oil.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the gas pressure in the stainless steel tank (12) ranges from-0.05 MPa to 0.15 MPa.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the heating temperature range is 50-700 ℃; the range of rotation speeds is 0-350 r/min.
10. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: during the operation of the temperature deformation device, the controllable parameters comprise the material type, the medium type and content, the rotating speed, the temperature, the time and the ball diameter quantity ratio.
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