CN110565007A - Threaded lead screw of lead screw pair based on structure energized material and manufacturing method - Google Patents
Threaded lead screw of lead screw pair based on structure energized material and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110565007A CN110565007A CN201910871540.XA CN201910871540A CN110565007A CN 110565007 A CN110565007 A CN 110565007A CN 201910871540 A CN201910871540 A CN 201910871540A CN 110565007 A CN110565007 A CN 110565007A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018619 Si-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 229910008289 Si—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005279 austempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021418 black silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QFXZANXYUCUTQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethynol Chemical group OC#C QFXZANXYUCUTQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/045—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for horizontal casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
- C22C33/10—Making cast-iron alloys including procedures for adding magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
- F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
- F16H25/22—Screw mechanisms with balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating parts; Elements essential to the use of such members
- F16H25/2204—Screw mechanisms with balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating parts; Elements essential to the use of such members with balls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
- F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
- F16H25/24—Elements essential to such mechanisms, e.g. screws, nuts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
- F16H57/048—Type of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
- F16H57/0497—Screw mechanisms
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
- F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
- F16H25/24—Elements essential to such mechanisms, e.g. screws, nuts
- F16H2025/249—Special materials or coatings for screws or nuts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a threaded lead screw of a lead screw pair based on a structure energizing material, which is made of the structure energizing material, and has the microstructure characteristics that: the diameter of graphite spheres is less than or equal to 25 mu m, the spheroidization rate is 100 percent, and the density of the graphite spheres in the section bar reaches 400 to 600 per mm2. The manufacturing method of the invention can obviously increase the nodulizing rate by observing whether the color of the section bar which is just drawn out by a step is uniform orange red or not and timely regulating and controlling the components of the molten iron to be within a tiny range of eutectic components, and the diameter of the graphite sphere is less than or equal to 25 mu m, thereby avoiding the occurrence of large blocks of primary graphite and causing the damage of mechanical property; and finally, obtaining the threaded lead screw with low noise and self-lubricating performance through coarse grinding and fine grinding processing and aging treatment for a plurality of times. The screw pair assembled by the threaded screw has self-lubricating property, low working noise and long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of threaded lead screw machining methods, particularly relates to a threaded lead screw of a lead screw pair based on a structure enabling material, and further relates to a manufacturing method of the threaded lead screw of the lead screw pair based on the structure enabling material.
Background
The screw pair is a mechanical component which realizes the conversion of rotary motion and translational linear motion and completes the designated load transmission. The screw pair mainly comprises two types of a trapezoidal screw pair and a ball screw pair: the ball screw pair can realize high-speed feeding due to high movement efficiency, small heat generation and high precision, and is widely used on precision machine tools and numerical control machine tools at present; the trapezoidal screw pair is characterized by spiral sliding, mainly utilizes the low sliding friction coefficient between the threaded screw and the surface of the nut, and compared with a ball screw pair with a complex structure and high manufacturing cost, the trapezoidal screw pair has the advantages of small size, simple structure, flexible design and good corrosion resistance, can be configured with a self-locking function according to the requirement in vertical application occasions, and plays an important role in the application fields of common machine tools and the like.
The thread screw is the most important part whether the trapezoidal screw pair or the ball screw pair. The existing threaded lead screw is generally made of the following materials: carbon structural steel, low alloy tool steel, rolling bearing steel, alloy carburized steel, nitrided steel, precipitation hardened stainless steel, and the like. The material meets the requirement of mechanical property, but has the limitation of no self-lubricating, sound-absorbing and shock-absorbing functions. The trapezoidal screw pair has higher requirements on materials, needs good friction reduction, wear resistance, seizure resistance and compressive strength, and also needs good friction compliance, running-in, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance so as to reduce friction and wear, so that the service life of the screw pair can be prolonged. When the ball screw pair moves at a high speed, sliding friction occurs, so that the problems of increased friction resistance, dry friction after the lubricating film is broken, high noise and the like are caused. Therefore, in precision machinery, the threaded screw rod should have mechanical properties (tensile strength, hardness, toughness, elastic modulus, fatigue strength, and the like) which are required by general structural materials, and also should have other properties such as self-lubrication, sound absorption and vibration reduction, high heat conduction, low temperature rise, corrosion prevention, and the like. The invention refers to the material which has good mechanical property and one or more other physical and chemical properties, and is called as a structure enabling material.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to provide a threaded lead screw of a lead screw pair based on a structure energizing material, and solves the problem that the conventional threaded lead screw is poor in self-lubricating, sound-absorbing and shock-absorbing functions.
it is another object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a threaded lead screw based on a lead screw pair of structurally energized materials.
the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the threaded lead screw of the lead screw pair based on the structure enabling material is made of the structure enabling material, and the structure enabling material is specifically composed of the following components, C: 3.5-3.6%, Si: 2.8-3.1%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.015%, S: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.1 percent and other alloy elements: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
the present invention is also characterized in that,
The microstructure of the threaded lead screw material is characterized in that: the diameter of graphite spheres is less than or equal to 25 mu m, the spheroidization rate is 100 percent, and the density of the graphite spheres in the section bar reaches 400 to 600 per mm2。
The invention adopts another technical scheme that the manufacturing method of the threaded lead screw of the lead screw pair based on the structure energizing material comprises the following steps:
step 1, melting preset component materials into molten iron in an electric furnace, wherein the preset component materials comprise the following components: c: 3.5-3.6%, Si: 1.7-2.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.015%, S: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.1 percent and other alloy elements: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent, and the carbon content is 99.95 to 100 percent of theoretical carbon equivalent; adding an inoculant and a nodulizer into the molten iron before pouring so as to ensure that the final silicon content of the molten iron after inoculation and nodulizing is 2.8-3.1 percent and the content of residual magnesium is 0.04 +/-0.005 percent;
Step 2, injecting the inoculated and spheroidized molten iron in the step 1 into a hearth of a horizontal continuous casting furnace, then flowing into an eccentric water-cooled crystallizer to be condensed into a round rod, starting a drawing machine to carry out stepping drawing on the round rod in the eccentric water-cooled crystallizer by drawing a crystal rod, and obtaining a round rod section; observing the color uniformity of the section bar which is drawn out from the eccentric water-cooled crystallizer by one step;
If the color of the section is uniform orange, continuously drawing until finishing; if the color of the section is in black-white alternate strip distribution, adding the inoculant in the step 1 into a hearth of a continuous casting furnace for 1-2 times, adding the carburant into the electric furnace in the step 1, continuously drawing, and observing the color until the color is uniform orange;
And 3, carrying out metallographic detection and electron microscope detection on the section obtained after the drawing process in the step 2, wherein the metallographic detection and the electron microscope detection are based on the following standards: graphite noduleThe diameter is less than or equal to 25 mu m, the nodularity is 100 percent, and the density of graphite nodules in the section bar reaches 400 to 600/mm2；
Step 4, after the detection in the step 3 is qualified, annealing heat treatment is carried out on the section obtained after the drawing process in the step 2 is finished;
step 5, performing saw cutting, rough turning, high-temperature aging treatment, semi-finish turning, medium-temperature aging treatment and finish turning on the section subjected to annealing heat treatment in the step 4 in sequence, reserving a grinding amount of 0.2mm, and straightening and bending to be less than or equal to 0.3mm after each process treatment is completed;
Step 6, roughly picking threads on the section processed in the step 5;
And 7, carrying out isothermal quenching treatment on the section processed in the step 6, straightening to the bending degree of less than or equal to 0.20mm, then sequentially carrying out primary low-temperature aging treatment, coarse grinding, secondary low-temperature aging treatment and straightening to the bending degree of less than or equal to 0.05mm, finally carrying out fine grinding processing, and straightening to preset precision to obtain the prepared threaded lead screw.
the present invention is also characterized in that,
In the step 1, the inoculant is 75# ferrosilicon or ferrosilicon containing strontium or ferrosilicon containing barium;
The nodulizer is rare earth magnesium, yttrium heavy rare earth or magnesium alloy;
In the step 2, the recarburizer is graphite, coke or wood carbon.
The heat treatment in the step 4 specifically comprises: and (3) adopting an annealing treatment process, namely keeping the temperature of the section obtained after the drawing process in the step (2) at 880 +/-10 ℃ for not less than 90min, cooling the section in a furnace to below 500 ℃, discharging the section out of the furnace, and air cooling the section.
the high-temperature aging treatment in the step 5 comprises the following specific steps: vertically placing in a well type furnace, and keeping the temperature for 180min at the temperature of 600 ℃; the medium-temperature aging treatment specifically comprises the following steps: vertically placing in a well type furnace, and keeping the temperature for 180min at the temperature of 400 ℃.
step 6 is specifically operated as follows: and (3) reserving 0.2mm grinding amount for the outer diameter and the bottom diameter of the section bar after the thread is roughly picked, and reserving 0.1mm grinding amount for the two sides of the thread.
The medium temperature quenching treatment in the step 7 comprises the following specific steps: preserving the heat of the section processed in the step 6 for 40-60min at 900 +/-10 ℃; then soaking the steel plate into a nitrate tank with the temperature of 255-265 ℃ for quenching, preserving heat for 40-60min, taking out the steel plate, cooling the steel plate to room temperature in air, and removing the salt stain by using clean water.
and 7, the first low-temperature aging treatment and the second low-temperature aging treatment in the step 7 are the same, the corresponding sections are placed in a shaft furnace vertically, and the temperature is kept for 180min at 200 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the manufacturing method of the invention can obviously increase the nodulizing rate by observing whether the color of the section bar which is just drawn out by a step is uniform orange red or not and timely regulating and controlling the components of the molten iron to be within a tiny range of eutectic components, and the diameter of the graphite sphere is less than or equal to 25 mu m, thereby avoiding the occurrence of large blocks of primary graphite and causing the damage of mechanical property; the graphite exposed on the friction surface becomes an excellent solid lubricant, and the graphite spheres in the matrix structure can absorb sound waves and shock waves, so that the threaded lead screw finally prepared by coarse grinding and fine grinding has self-lubricating property, low working noise, long service life and good engineering application value.
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a threaded lead screw of a lead screw assembly of the present invention based on a structurally energized material;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an eccentric water-cooled crystallizer in the method for manufacturing the threaded lead screw according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a lower continuous casting section of a eutectic composition in the method for manufacturing a threaded lead screw according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a color diagram of a continuous casting section of off-eutectic composition in the method of manufacturing a threaded lead screw according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a surface topography diagram of an electron microscope scanning inspection in the method of manufacturing a threaded lead screw according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a surface topography diagram of metallographic examination in the manufacturing method of a threaded lead screw according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing an annealing heat treatment in the manufacturing method of the threaded screw according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a graph showing austempering in the method of manufacturing a threaded lead screw according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a threaded screw rod, a screw rod shaft, 30, an eccentric water-cooled crystallizer, 31, a graphite sleeve, 32, a spiral water-cooled sleeve, 321, the top of the spiral water-cooled sleeve, 322, the bottom of the spiral water-cooled sleeve, 33, a water inlet and 34-a water outlet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a threaded lead screw of a lead screw pair based on a structure enabling material, as shown in figure 1, wherein a threaded lead screw 1 is made of the structure enabling material, and the structure enabling material is specifically composed of the following components, C: 3.5-3.6%, Si: 2.8-3.1%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.015%, S: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.1 percent and other alloy elements: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
The microstructure characteristics of the material of the threaded screw rod 1 are as follows: the diameter of graphite spheres is less than or equal to 25 mu m, the spheroidization rate is 100 percent, and the density of the graphite spheres in the section bar reaches 400 to 600 per mm2。
The threaded screw 1 is used to assemble a screw pair to convert a rotary motion into a linear motion or to convert a linear motion into a rotary motion. The threaded screw 1 is cylindrical, takes the screw shaft 2 as a main body, and is provided with threads on the cylindrical surface. The threaded lead screw 1 prepared by the invention has self-lubricating property, does not need to be filled with lubricant during working, and the fine graphite spheres are dispersed and distributed in the material, so that vibration energy and noise can be absorbed during working, the service life is prolonged, and the safety of equipment operation is ensured.
The new steel material prepared by the invention is a structural energized material developed by taking the obdurability and the wear resistance of quenched steel and the self-lubricating property and the sound absorption and vibration reduction performance of ductile iron into consideration, and is essentially a superfine dense Fe/G composite material prepared by obtaining a ductile iron section with 100 percent of eutectic graphite and 100 percent of nodularity on the full section in a narrow pseudo eutectic region under the strong cooling condition of continuous casting and carrying out isothermal quenching.
The material has the mechanical properties required by the traditional steel structural material, and is endowed with the following properties and microstructure advantages: the surface of the friction pair part has self-lubricating property by relying on the solid lubrication effect of graphite; graphite spheres with proper diameters enable the material to effectively absorb sound waves and vibration, improve the thermal conductivity and reduce the temperature rise; the graphite spheres in dispersion distribution disperse elastic strain and stress concentration on a graphite/matrix interface after service stress, and inhibit fatigue crack initiation; the coating layer at the periphery of the graphite nodule collects impurity elements and compound particles in molten iron and purifies the crystal boundary of a matrix metal structure; the existence of graphite nodules and coating layers thereof leads the materials to generate thermal coupling effect in service to form a spherical temperature field, so that a layer of matrix structure on the periphery of the graphite nodules is annealed, and dislocation multiplication is eliminated, thereby prolonging the fatigue life of parts; alloying improves the antirust capacity of the material. The novel steel gives the original steel structural material with the main mechanical property physical property, chemical property and engineering applicability, and the manufactured friction pair part can be used under severe environmental conditions of less than 200 ℃ for a long time, no lubricating grease or poor lubrication, requirement on silence, no grease evaporation pollution and the like.
the invention relates to a manufacturing method of a threaded lead screw of a lead screw pair based on a structure energized material, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, melting preset component materials into molten iron in a medium-frequency induction furnace, wherein the preset component materials consist of the following components: c: 3.5-3.6%, Si: 1.7-2.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.015%, S: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.1 percent and other alloy elements: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent, and the carbon content is 99.95 to 100 percent of theoretical carbon equivalent; before pouring into a hearth of a continuous casting furnace, adding an inoculant and a nodulizer into the molten iron so as to ensure that the final silicon content of the molten iron after inoculation and nodulizing is 2.8-3.1 percent and the content of residual magnesium is 0.04 +/-0.005 percent.
the inoculant can promote graphite spheroidization, reduce chilling tendency, improve graphite morphology and distribution, increase eutectic colony number, and refine matrix structure, and generally inoculate for 5-8 min. In particular to 75# ferrosilicon or ferrosilicon containing strontium or ferrosilicon containing barium; the nodulizer is used for crystallizing graphite in molten iron into spheres, and specifically is rare earth magnesium, yttrium heavy rare earth or magnesium alloy.
According to the mechanical properties (hardness, tensile strength, extensibility, impact toughness and the like) and specification and dimension requirements of a structure energized material, the marks (such as QT450-12, QT500-10, QT550-6, QT600-5 and the like) and specifications of blank materials-ductile iron hollow sections are determined, the proportioning ratio of various materials (such as tundish iron, scrap steel, scrap iron, various ferroalloys and the like) is calculated by using an empirical formula, and the carbon equivalent of molten iron is preset to be in the range of eutectic Composition (CE) or slightly lower than 0.05 percent of the eutectic composition after inoculation and spheroidization.
the preparation of the molten iron into eutectic components has four advantages: firstly, 100% of eutectic graphite can be obtained only when molten iron in the range of eutectic components is solidified, and the occurrence of primary graphite (the volume of primary graphite nodules is larger or very large) is avoided, so that the diameters of all graphite nodules are ensured to be less than or equal to 25 mu m; secondly, only the graphite nodules crystallized under the eutectic composition and the eutectic temperature have the highest roundness, namely the highest spheroidization rate (nearly 100%) because of the largest supercooling degree and the largest difference of latent heat of crystallization between the edge and the {1000} basal plane, and the height of the spheroidization rate and the sphere diameter have decisive influence on the material performance; austenite dendritic crystals crystallized with graphite nodules simultaneously during eutectic reaction block and disorder micro-area flow of molten iron, so that the graphite nodules floating along with the micro-area flow of the molten iron are not arranged in series, and anisotropy of mechanical properties of materials is avoided; and fourthly, the molten iron is directly cooled to the eutectic temperature from the actual temperature, so that intersection with a liquid phase line is avoided, the supercooling degree is improved, the phase change power is increased, the nucleation rate is increased, the density of graphite spheres is improved, and the volume of the graphite spheres is reduced.
Step 2, injecting the inoculated and spheroidized molten iron obtained in the step 1 into a hearth of a continuous casting furnace, then flowing into an eccentric water-cooled crystallizer to be condensed into a round rod, starting a drawing machine to carry out stepping drawing on the round rod in the eccentric water-cooled crystallizer by drawing a crystal guide rod to obtain a round rod section; observing the color uniformity of the section bar which is drawn out from the eccentric water-cooled crystallizer by one step;
As shown in fig. 3, if the color of the section bar is uniform orange, and the molten iron is the eutectic composition, continuing to draw the section bar until the drawing is finished; as shown in figure 4, if the color of the section is in black and white strip-shaped distribution, the components of molten iron deviate from the eutectic components and are in hypoeutectic composition subareas, the inoculant in the step 1 is added into a hearth of a continuous casting furnace for 1-2 times, because the molten iron in the electric furnace is too long in standing time, the molten iron is subjected to decarburization, a carburant is added into the electric furnace, the carburant is added into the electric furnace in the step 1, drawing is continued, and the color is observed until the color is even orange.
The carburant is graphite, or coke, or wood carbon.
Under the influence of gravity, the horizontal continuous casting bar has component segregation on the cross section, namely the mechanical property on the concentric circle is not uniform due to the fact that the cooling speed of the bottom is high, the content of high-melting-point trace elements is high, the hardenability is high, the 'liquid core' on the upper portion of the cross section does not contain the high-melting-point trace elements, and the hardenability is low, and the hardness deviation after quenching is as high as HRC 5. The defect of liquid core eccentricity needs to be overcome when a horizontal continuous casting method is used for drawing a thin-diameter bar. The specific method is to adopt the eccentric water-cooled crystallizer 30 to manufacture the spiral water-cooled jacket 32 to be eccentric, so that the thickness of steel at the bottom 322 of the spiral water-cooled jacket 32 is 5-7mm thicker than that of the top 321 of the spiral water-cooled jacket, the cooling speed at the bottom is slow, the cooling speed at the top is fast, and the influence of the gravity on the fast bottom and the slow top of the crystallization speed is counteracted. Secondly, the height of a pressure head of the liquid level of the molten iron in the continuous casting furnace to the eccentric water-cooled crystallizer 30 is increased (the minimum height is kept to be more than 0.5 meter), the eccentric water-cooled crystallizer 30 is filled by utilizing the pressure of the molten iron, and air gaps formed between the top of the rod and a graphite sleeve 31 of the eccentric water-cooled crystallizer 30 due to liquid-solid phase volume change shrinkage are eliminated, so that the condensation speed is high at the bottom, the top is slow, and component segregation is formed. Wherein, the water inlet 33 and the water outlet 34 are both positioned at one side of the top 321 of the spiral water cooling jacket.
A crystal-leading shaft is inserted in advance in the graphite sleeve 31 of the eccentric water-cooled crystallizer 30, and one end of the crystal-leading shaft is connected with a drawing mechanism. After entering the eccentric water-cooled crystallizer for 30 seconds to 30 seconds, the molten iron and the seeding shaft are solidified into a whole and are condensed out of the tube shell in the graphite sleeve 31. Starting the drawing machine to carry out stepping drawing, clamping the section by a drawing roller of the drawing machine to draw, and carrying out on-line fixed-length breaking and taking after drawing to a certain length. In the drawing process, the processes of inoculation, spheroidization and pouring of the molten iron from the electric furnace to the continuous casting furnace are repeated every ten minutes to supplement the volume reduction and liquid level reduction of the molten iron in the hearth after the section is drawn out.
And 3, carrying out metallographic detection and electron microscope scanning detection on the section obtained after the drawing process in the step 2, wherein the metallographic detection and the electron microscope detection are based on the following standards: the diameter of graphite spheres is less than or equal to 25 mu m, the spheroidization rate is 100 percent, and the density of the graphite spheres in the section bar reaches 400 to 600 per mm2. The determination of the spheroidization rate by metallographic detection may be controversial, and the scanning result of an electron microscope is taken as the standard.
If all indexes do not meet the detection standard, the material needs to be prepared again.
Step 4, after the detection in the step 3 is qualified, carrying out heat treatment on the section obtained after the drawing process in the step 2 is finished; the dendritic crystal and the casting stress are eliminated by hot fire treatment. The heat treatment specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) adopting an annealing treatment process, namely keeping the temperature of the section bar obtained after the drawing process in the step 2 at 880 +/-10 ℃ for at least 90min according to specific type materials. Then furnace cooling is carried out to below 500 ℃, and air cooling is carried out to room temperature.
Step 5, performing saw cutting, rough turning, high-temperature aging treatment, semi-finish turning, medium-temperature aging treatment and finish turning treatment on the section subjected to heat treatment in the step 4 in sequence, reserving a grinding amount of 0.2mm, and aligning and bending the section to be less than or equal to 0.3mm after each process treatment is completed; the high-temperature aging treatment specifically comprises the following steps: vertically placing in a well type furnace, and keeping the temperature for 180min at the temperature of 600 ℃; the medium-temperature aging treatment specifically comprises the following steps: vertically placing in a well type furnace, and keeping the temperature for 180min at the temperature of 400 ℃.
And 6, roughly selecting the threads of the section bar processed in the step 5, reserving 0.2mm grinding amount for the outer diameter and the bottom diameter of the section bar after roughly selecting the threads, and reserving 0.1mm grinding amount for two sides of the threads.
And 7, carrying out isothermal quenching treatment on the section bar treated in the step 6, determining the heat preservation time by the diameter of the threaded lead screw 1, straightening to the bending degree of less than or equal to 0.10mm, then sequentially carrying out first low-temperature aging treatment, rough grinding, second low-temperature aging treatment and straightening to the bending degree of less than or equal to 0.05mm, finally carrying out fine grinding processing, and straightening to preset precision to obtain the qualified threaded lead screw.
The isothermal quenching treatment specifically comprises the following steps: keeping the section processed in the step 6 at 900 +/-10 ℃ for 40-60min, wherein the heat preservation time is determined by the diameter of the threaded lead screw 1; then soaking the steel plate into a nitrate tank with the temperature of 255-265 ℃ for quenching, preserving heat for 40-60min, taking out the steel plate, cooling the steel plate to room temperature in air, and removing the salt stain by using clean water.
The first low-temperature aging treatment and the second low-temperature aging treatment are the same, and the corresponding sections are placed in a shaft furnace vertically and are kept at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 180 min.
Example 1
QT550-6 is selected, and a solid bar with the outer diameter of 50mm is drawn and processed into a trapezoidal lead screw with the diameter of 40mm and the length of 2000 mm.
melting preset casting materials (60% of Q14# bread iron, 20% of low-carbon steel leftovers and 20% of ductile iron returns) into molten iron in a medium-frequency induction furnace, wherein the molten iron comprises the following components: c: 3.6%, Si: 1.8%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.015%, S: less than or equal to 0.015 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent. Wherein the carbon content is 99.95-100% of theoretical carbon equivalent. The variation range of the carbon-silicon equivalent thereof is not more than 0.1%, namely CE +/-0.05%.
Setting for 20min after the molten iron reaches 1530 ℃, pouring 300Kg of ladle, putting 4.5Kg of rare earth magnesium nodulizer (accounting for 1.5 percent of the weight of the molten iron) in a ladle pit in advance, and covering with ductile iron scrap; after the spheroidization reaction is finished, 3Kg of 75# ferrosilicon inoculant (accounting for 1.0 percent of the weight of the molten iron) is added into the molten iron, so that the final silicon content of the molten iron after inoculation and spheroidization is 2.8 percent +/-0.05 percent, and the content of residual magnesium is 0.04 percent +/-0.005 percent. After inoculation and spheroidization, the temperature of the molten iron in the ladle is 1460 ℃.
In this example, the production was carried out by a horizontal continuous casting method. And preheating a hearth of the continuous casting furnace while melting molten iron. The preheating method is to use a fuel oil flame thrower or oxy-acetylene flame to spray fire on the sprue gate of the hearth for 1 hour; then, spraying fire to one end of the eccentric water-cooled crystallizer 30 for 20min to ensure that the color of the inner wall of the hearth is reddish yellow and is about 600 ℃; and stopping flaming just before pouring molten iron.
the inoculated and spheroidized molten iron is poured into a continuous casting furnace body, the average temperature of the molten iron entering a hearth is about 1300 ℃, and then the molten iron enters an eccentric water-cooled crystallizer 30.
The drawing was carried out at a speed of 50mm per step and 2 seconds pause per drawing step. After the 3-4m profile was drawn, the profile drawn from the eccentric water-cooled mold 30 at one step was observed for uniform orange color, as shown in fig. 3. If the color is non-uniform orange as shown in figure 4, inoculant is added into the continuous casting hearth, and carburant is added into the electric furnace.
And after the drawing process is finished, carrying out metallographic phase or electron microscope detection on the obtained section. Detecting that the diameter of graphite spheres in the section bar is less than or equal to 25 mu m; detecting the nodularity of the section bar to be 100 percent; detecting whether the density of graphite nodules in the section bar reaches 400-600/mm2. As shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that the graphite nodule has uniform and consistent shape and size, and the spheroidization rate is close to 100%.
Whether the section bar reaches 100% eutectic graphite or not is detected through a metallographic phase, as shown in fig. 6. It can be seen that the spheroidization rate of graphite is nearly 100%, the graphite is uniformly distributed, and the graphite spheres are uniform and consistent in shape and size.
And after the scanning detection is qualified, carrying out heat treatment on the section obtained after the drawing process is finished, specifically adopting an annealing treatment process, as shown in fig. 7, namely keeping the temperature of the section at 880 +/-10 ℃ for 120min, cooling the section to below 500 ℃ in a furnace, and then cooling the section to room temperature in the air.
And sawing the annealed section bar to 2020 +/-10 mm, wherein the section bar after annealing has larger curvature and needs to be straightened to be within 0.6 mm.
And roughly turning the sawed section bar to phi 42mm, and straightening to the bending degree of less than or equal to 0.3 mm.
carrying out high-temperature aging treatment on the rough-turned section: preserving heat for 180min at 600 ℃, vertically placing in a well type furnace for treatment, and straightening until the degree of curvature is less than or equal to 0.3 mm.
And (3) carrying out medium-temperature aging treatment on the semi-finished section: preserving heat for 180min at 400 ℃, vertically placing in a well type furnace for treatment, and straightening until the degree of curvature is less than or equal to 0.2 mm.
And (3) finely turning the section material subjected to medium-temperature aging to phi 40.4mm, and reserving the grinding quantity of 0.2 mm.
thread screw 1 is slightly chosen to the section bar thick screw thread after the finish turning, and the external diameter and the footpath of the end reserve 0.2mm and grind the volume, just 0.1mm is reserved to the screw thread both sides and is ground the volume.
Carrying out isothermal quenching treatment on the threaded lead screw 1, as shown in figure 8, keeping the temperature of the threaded lead screw 1 at 900 +/-10 ℃ for 40-60min, and then soaking the threaded lead screw in a constant-temperature deep-well type nitrate tank at 260 +/-5 ℃ for quenching, and keeping the temperature for 40 min; taking out the heat-insulated threaded screw rod 1, air-cooling to room temperature, removing salt stains by using clear water, controlling the final hardness to be HRC48-52, and correcting the threaded screw rod until the curvature is less than or equal to 0.10 mm.
Carrying out primary low-temperature aging treatment on the threaded lead screw 1 after isothermal quenching treatment: preserving the heat for 180min at 200 ℃, and vertically placing in a well type furnace for treatment.
And (3) carrying out coarse grinding on the threaded lead screw 1 subjected to the first low-temperature aging treatment by using a black silicon carbide grinding wheel.
And (3) carrying out second low-temperature aging treatment on the rough-ground threaded screw rod 1: preserving the heat for 180min at 200 ℃, and vertically placing in a well type furnace for treatment. And then, straightening the curvature to be less than or equal to 0.05mm, performing fine grinding forming, checking the curvature of the threaded lead screw 1, straightening to preset precision, and finishing the operation.
Example 2
QT550-6 is selected, a solid bar with the outer diameter of 34mm is drawn, and the solid bar is processed into a ball screw with the diameter of 30mm and the length of 1000 mm.
Melting casting materials (60% of Q14# bread iron, 20% of low-carbon steel leftovers and 20% of ductile iron returns) into molten iron in an electric furnace, and adjusting the molten iron to the following components in percentage by mass: c: 3.5%, Si: 2.90%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.015%, S: less than or equal to 0.015 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.1 percent and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
Wherein sawing, rough turning, semi-finish turning and finish turning determine the machining allowance with a target size of 30mm in diameter.
wherein, the thread is chosen roughly to the section bar after the finish turning becomes screw thread lead screw 1, and the external diameter reserves 0.2mm mill volume with the footpath of end, and the screw thread both sides reserve 0.1mm mill volume. And (5) roughly picking the screw thread and the groove corresponding to the ball screw.
The remaining steps refer to example 1.
From the above embodiments, the threaded screw of the screw pair based on the structural energizing material and the manufacturing method thereof of the present invention have the following advantages:
(1) Compared with the large-diameter (50-120 mu m) graphite nodules in the traditional nodular cast iron and ADI, when the workpiece made of the graphite nodules is subjected to small elastic deformation after being stressed in service, the stress strain quantity of the interface of the small graphite nodules and the matrix is reduced by tens of times compared with the situation of the large graphite nodules, so that the probability of generating fatigue cracks on the interface is greatly reduced;
(2) When a workpiece is stressed and deformed in service, the deformation of the inner wall of a matrix close to the graphite spheres is large, when the elastic alternating frequency is high, viscoelasticity heat is generated at the position, a thermal coupling effect occurs, a spherical high-temperature field is formed at the graphite spheres and the periphery of the graphite spheres, the metal spherical shell of the matrix in the field is tempered and softened, and meanwhile, a large number of dislocations propagated from the dislocations are digested in the high-temperature field, so that accumulation and saturation cannot be generated, fatigue cracks are difficult to generate, and the fatigue strength and the fatigue life of the workpiece are remarkably improved;
(3) no matter graphite nodule crystallization or austenite crystallization, except for absorbing a part of impurities during nucleation, impurity elements are repelled in a high-temperature molten iron layer at the front edge of a liquid-solid interface in the grain growth process, the impurities are finally gathered in an amorphous mechanical mixture-coating layer formed by rapidly condensing the high-temperature molten iron layer, the coating layer does not generate structural component change in subsequent heat treatment and still remains after isothermal quenching, the function of the coating layer is only equivalent to that the diameter of the graphite nodule is increased by 3-5%, and the graphite nodule does not crack a matrixacts but collects almost all the impurity elements and their compound particles (SiO)2\FeO\Al2O3etc.), effectively purifying the crystal boundary of the matrix structure, and greatly improving the fatigue strength and the service life of the material;
(4) High-carbon austenite (about 30-40%) in the matrix has a stress hardening effect, and after the eutectic graphite steel workpiece is stressed in service, the high-carbon austenite in a surface layer with the thickness of several microns at the position with larger stress is converted into a martensite structure, so that the hardness is improved suddenly, and the wear resistance is increased;
(5) The fine graphite spheres which are distributed in a dispersed manner can effectively absorb vibration and noise, so that the vibration and the noise of the material are reduced by at least one time;
(6) the graphite exposed on the working friction surface is scraped off by the mating surface and is distributed on the friction surface in a sheet shape to form a solid lubricating film. The film has low friction coefficient, is not easy to crack, and is not oxidized at the temperature below 325 ℃, so that the prepared workpiece has self-lubricating property in the environment below 300 ℃, and a series of serious consequences caused by poor lubrication or dry friction are avoided.
Claims (9)
1. A threaded lead screw of a lead screw pair based on a structural energizing material, characterized in that the threaded lead screw is made of a structural energizing material, in particular consisting of the following components, C: 3.5-3.6%, Si: 2.8-3.1%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.015%, S: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.1 percent and other alloy elements: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
2. A threaded lead screw of a lead screw pair based on structurally energized material according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal structural features of the threaded lead screw are: the diameter of graphite spheres is less than or equal to 25 mu m, the spheroidization rate is 100 percent, and the density of the graphite spheres in the section bar reaches 400 to 600 per mm2。
3. A method of manufacturing a threaded screw of a screw pair based on a structurally energized material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
Step 1, melting preset component materials into molten iron in an electric furnace, wherein the preset component materials comprise the following components: c: 3.5-3.6%, Si: 1.7-2.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.3 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.015%, S: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.1 percent and other alloy elements: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent, and the carbon content is 99.95 to 100 percent of theoretical carbon equivalent; adding an inoculant and a nodulizer into the molten iron so as to ensure that the final silicon content of the molten iron after inoculation and nodulizing is 2.8-3.1% and the content of residual magnesium is 0.04 +/-0.005%;
Step 2, injecting the inoculated and spheroidized molten iron in the step 1 into a hearth of a continuous casting furnace, then flowing into an eccentric water-cooled crystallizer to be condensed into a round rod, starting a drawing machine to carry out stepping drawing on the round rod in the eccentric water-cooled crystallizer by drawing a crystal bar, and obtaining a section; observing the color uniformity of the section bar which is drawn out from the eccentric water-cooled crystallizer by one step;
If the color of the section is uniform orange, continuously drawing until finishing; if the color of the section is in black-white alternate strip distribution, adding the inoculant in the step 1 into a hearth of a continuous casting furnace for 1-2 times, adding the carburant into the electric furnace in the step 1, continuously drawing, and observing the color until the color is uniform orange;
and 3, carrying out metallographic detection and electron microscope detection on the section obtained after the drawing process in the step 2, wherein the metallographic detection and the electron microscope detection are based on the following standards: the diameter of graphite spheres is less than or equal to 25 mu m, the spheroidization rate is 100 percent, and the density of the graphite spheres in the section bar reaches 400 to 600 per mm2；
Step 4, after the detection in the step 3 is qualified, carrying out annealing heat treatment on the section obtained after the drawing process in the step 2 is finished;
step 5, performing saw cutting, rough turning, high-temperature aging treatment, semi-finish turning, medium-temperature aging treatment and finish turning treatment on the section subjected to heat treatment in the step 4 in sequence, reserving a grinding amount of 0.2mm, and straightening and bending to be less than or equal to 0.3mm after each process treatment is completed;
Step 6, roughly picking threads on the section processed in the step 5;
And 7, carrying out isothermal quenching treatment on the section processed in the step 6, straightening to the bending degree of less than or equal to 0.10mm, then sequentially carrying out primary low-temperature aging treatment, coarse grinding, secondary low-temperature aging treatment and straightening to the bending degree of less than or equal to 0.05mm, finally carrying out fine grinding processing, and straightening to preset precision to obtain the prepared threaded lead screw.
4. the method for manufacturing a threaded lead screw of a lead screw pair based on a structurally energized material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the inoculant in step 1 is 75# Si-Fe or Sr-Si-Fe or Ba-Si-Fe alloy;
The nodulizer is rare earth magnesium, yttrium heavy rare earth or magnesium alloy;
The recarburizing agent in the step 2 is graphite, coke or wood carbon.
5. A method for manufacturing a threaded lead screw of a lead screw pair based on a structurally energized material as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the heat treatment in step 4 is in particular: and (3) adopting an annealing treatment process, namely keeping the temperature of the section bar obtained after the drawing process in the step 2 at 880 +/-10 ℃ for not less than 90min, cooling the section bar in a furnace to below 500 ℃, and cooling the section bar in air to room temperature.
6. The method for manufacturing the threaded lead screw of the lead screw pair based on the structural energizing material according to claim 3, wherein the high-temperature aging treatment in the step 5 is specifically as follows: vertically placing in a well type furnace, and keeping the temperature for 180min at the temperature of 600 ℃; the medium-temperature aging treatment specifically comprises the following steps: vertically placing in a well type furnace, and keeping the temperature for 180min at the temperature of 400 ℃.
7. a method of manufacturing a threaded lead screw of a lead screw pair based on a structurally energized material as claimed in claim 3, wherein said step 6 is specifically operative to: and (3) reserving 0.2mm grinding amount for the outer diameter and the bottom diameter of the section bar after the thread is roughly picked, and reserving 0.1mm grinding amount for the two sides of the thread.
8. The method for manufacturing the threaded lead screw of the lead screw pair based on the structure enabling material according to claim 3, wherein the isothermal quenching treatment in the step 7 is specifically as follows: preserving the heat of the section processed in the step 6 for 40-60min at 900 +/-10 ℃; then soaking the steel plate into a nitrate tank with the temperature of 255-265 ℃ for quenching, preserving heat for 40-60min, taking out the steel plate, cooling the steel plate to room temperature in air, and removing the salt stain by using clean water.
9. The method for manufacturing the threaded lead screw of the lead screw pair based on the structurally energized material as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first low temperature aging treatment and the second low temperature aging treatment in the step 7 are the same, and all the corresponding sections are placed in a shaft furnace vertically and are kept at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 180 min.
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| CN112210710A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-12 | 江苏华龙铸铁型材有限公司 | Low-noise steel rail for bridge crane and preparation method thereof |
| CN113564608A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-10-29 | 神华准格尔能源有限责任公司 | Method for integral hardening treatment of integral piston of diesel engine |
| CN115026514A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-09-09 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of bidirectional threaded rod based on carbon alloy material |
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| CN112210710A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-12 | 江苏华龙铸铁型材有限公司 | Low-noise steel rail for bridge crane and preparation method thereof |
| CN112210710B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-03-04 | 江苏华龙铸铁型材有限公司 | Low-noise steel rail for bridge crane and preparation method thereof |
| CN113564608A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-10-29 | 神华准格尔能源有限责任公司 | Method for integral hardening treatment of integral piston of diesel engine |
| CN115026514A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-09-09 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of bidirectional threaded rod based on carbon alloy material |
| CN115026514B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-07-18 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of bidirectional threaded rod based on carbon alloy material |
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