High Vanadium Rapid Steel Composite Roll And Production Technology
Affiliated technical field
The invention belongs to main body wear parts---the roll technology of steel rolling industry, what relate generally to is a kind of High Vanadium Rapid Steel Composite Roll And Production Technology.
Background technology
Roll is the crucial wearing piece of mass consumption during steel rolling is produced, and its quality directly has influence on the profit of steel rolling quality, labour productivity and product.At present, the material that is used to produce roll mainly contains: cast steel, alloy half steel, Centra Steel, cold hard cast-iron, infinitely chilled ductile cast iron, high nickel chromium triangle infinitely chilled ductile cast iron, alloy nodular cast iron, high chromium steel, rich chromium cast iron, rapid steel, Wimet.In these materials, rich chromium cast iron is the comprehensive mechanical performance of generally acknowledging an and wear resistance roll material preferably, M7C3 type carbide is being inlayed by its tissue characteristic on martensite, austenitic matrix, the microhardness height (HV1200-1800) of this carbide, intensity is good, is the strip discrete distribution, and the degree of isolating of matrix is alleviated, therefore its toughness is more much higher than general white pig iron, produces roll with rich chromium cast iron and can obtain wear resistance preferably.
Wimet is that hardness is the highest, the wear resistance best material, and it is by the carbide of high rigidity and alloy composition, is used to produce roll and can obtains very high wear resistance.But Wimet can only be made less collars, and toughness is relatively poor, easily cracks in the application process, because lacking toughness matrix, crackle seriously reduces the quality of steel rolling and the life-span of roll in case the i.e. expansion rapidly of formation is peeled off thereby cause roller surface the zonule to occur.
The history of existing decades appears in rapid steel, owing to cost height, manufacturing process complexity, generally only is used to make cutter.In recent years, it is done a large amount of research both at home and abroad, begun to be used at present the production of roll.Owing to contain the higher carbide of a large amount of hardness (as WC:HV2400-2600, VC:HV2600-3000, Mo2C:HV1500) in the rapid steel, the comparable rich chromium cast iron of wear resistance improves 3-5 doubly.Again because high speed steel substrate is organized as toughness martensite, austenite preferably, the shortcoming that overcome the hard alloy roll poor toughness, easily cracks.Now, rapid steel has become an important development direction of roll material, has very high using value.But, the rapid steel that is used for producing roll now mostly all contains a large amount of tungsten, because being polygon, the carbide of tungsten distributes, it is serious to isolate matrix, toughness of material is very poor, and price is higher, and the density of tungsten, molybdenum and carbide and iron differ greatly, when using conventional centrifugal casting production roll, easily produce segregation.How to change the form of carbide in the rapid steel, do not lose the high rigidity of carbide again, simultaneously this carbide has close density with the iron-based body again, becomes roll with rapid steel problem extremely to be solved.
By the production technique branch, known composite roll mainly comprises centrifugally cast composite roll, continuous casting (CPC) composite roll, esr (ESR) composite roll, combined roll etc.
Centrifugally cast composite roll is to adopt the method for rotary casting to produce the bimetal composite roll.Skin of the roll is that high abrasion resisting material, the internal layer of dense structure is common material.The skin of the roll of Sheng Chaning has higher wear resistance in this way, and the toughness material of internal layer can guarantee that again roll has high toughness, has application prospect and the high cost performance more wide than integral material roll.But, often contain the high alloy of big metric density in the high abrasion resisting material, as tungsten, molybdenum etc., during rotary casting, because action of centrifugal force, the alloy that these density are high is understood segregation in roller surface, and roll inner alloy constituent content is reduced, thereby worsen roller surface layer toughness, reduce the wear resistance of roll internal layer.
Continuous casting (CPC) composite roll is that the roller core that will make composite roll in advance places crystallizer, carry out preheating with ruhmkorff coil pair roller wicking surface, pour into a mould outer sphere molten metal then, roller core is twitched downwards, the skin that has solidified is moved down with roller core, finally become composite roll.The tissue and the grain fineness number of the rapid steel roller stock that this method is produced are much thinner than centre spinning method, and the distribution of carbide even dispersion, and the life-span, comparable centrifugal casting roll was high by 30%.
Esr process is produced composite roll and is similar to the CPC method, only substitutes induction heating with esr.Electroslag carries out preheating and cleaning to mandrel.The metal liquid of this method below the stirring electroslag promotes the formation of key coat.But must control reflow process, in order to avoid pollute working lining.The roll of esr production also has characteristics such as dense structure, no component segregation, and wear resistance is better.
The common drawback of CPC method and ESR method is that complex process, productivity are low, cost is high.
Combined roll is that roll is made several parts, combines with mechanical means.The roll internal layer uses toughness material, the outer field carbide ring of mostly making.This roll can be saved valuable Wimet, and cost performance is higher.Outer field carbide ring can guarantee that roll has very high wear resistance.But, can cause the roll unbalance stress in the operation of rolling and chipping because carbide ring and internal layer roller core are difficult to accomplish seamless combination.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of composite roll wearing layer material---the production technique of high-vanadium high-speed steel and this roll, improve the toughness and the wear resistance of roll, solve centrifugal casting component segregation easily takes place, CPC method, ESR method complex manufacturing, the problem that current consumption is big, cost is high.
The present invention realizes that the above-mentioned purpose technical scheme is: roll comprises roller core and roll wearing layer, roller core adopts toughness low alloy steel or mild steel material making preferably, the roll wearing layer adopts the high-vanadium high-speed steel material, the principal element content of this high-vanadium high-speed steel material is: C:1.8-3.5%, V:7-12%, Cr:4-5%, Mo:2-4%, Ni:0.5-1.5%, surplus is an iron.
The thermal treatment process of composite roll is: 1000-1050 ℃ of quenching, and 450-550 ℃ of tempering, a tempering gets final product.The typical organization of the outer high-vanadium high-speed steel of thermal treatment is: VC+ martensite+austenite+M
7C
3+ Mo
2C.
The used wearing layer material of the present invention---high-vanadium high-speed steel is that rapid steel is compared with conventional tungsten, and main hard, wear-resistant is mutually for just analysing VC, this carbide hardness height (HV2600-3000), and form is good, and density and iron phase are near, difficult generation segregation.Compare with existing high-vanadium high-speed steel, this high-vanadium high-speed steel vanadiumcontent height reaches hypereutectic composition.Existing high-vanadium high-speed steel content of vanadium is mostly below 7%, and the vanadium carbide in the steel is the eutectic vanadium carbide, and this vanadium carbide is strip, rod-short is distributed in intergranular, and is not obvious to the effect that improves toughness of material and wear resistance.Vanadium carbide in this high-vanadium high-speed steel mainly is the first VC of analysing that directly separates out from molten steel, and it is spherical that this vanadium carbide is group, is uniformly distributed in the matrix, can improve the impelling strength of material, and can improve the wear resistance of material greatly.The utility model patent of being applied for the applicant " high-vanadium high-speed steel composite hammer head " (patent No.: 02269949.X) compare, because the Application Areas difference, alloying constituent has been done bigger adjustment by used high-vanadium high-speed steel.Main change is: reduced content of vanadium, improved heat-resisting, sludge proof chromium, molybdenum element content.Because tup will bear bigger impact, for improving the toughness of material to greatest extent, the content of the bad chromium of carbide morphology, molybdenum element is lower, and v element content is higher preferably for carbide morphology.And that roll work the time is subjected to impacting is less comparatively speaking, the material impact flexible is required than as tup the time low, but material will bear thermal fatigue during hot rolling, and therefore, we have improved heat-resisting, sludge proof chrome molybdenum constituent content, have suitably reduced content of vanadium.
Find that after laboratory test and production application the major technique characteristics of high-vanadium high-speed steel are as follows:
1, wear resistance is good, the cost performance height.Cost is about about 2 times of rich chromium cast iron, and wear resistance is 3-5 a times of rich chromium cast iron.
2, toughness is better.Toughness is the rapid steel height than rich chromium cast iron and tungsten.
3, thermal treatment process is simple.The back tempering of quenching gets final product, and is suitable for producing in enormous quantities.
Production technique of the present invention is: roller core and roll wearing layer are one by the compound founding of induction heating consecutive solidification crystallization method.
Consecutive solidification crystallization method of the present invention is that casting mold is divided into three sections, adopts different molding sand to make one, and the bottom is that sodium silicate sand, middle part are 80% sodium silicate sand and 20% lagging material, and top is the lagging material of 50% sodium silicate sand and 50%.
Thermoforming process of the present invention: casting mold is put into crystallization apparatus, again ready-formed low alloy steel or medium carbon steel roller core are put into casting mold, open induction heating device heating roller core, when being heated to 1180-1220 ℃, pour into high-vanadium high-speed steel liquid; Reduce power and continue heating 3-10 minute, pour into high-vanadium high-speed steel liquid once more, continue the small power induction heating again and stop heating after 5-15 minute,, finish until solidifying by the logical water coolant in bottom again with postcooling 3-10 minute.
The roll that method such as the inventive method and centrifugal casting, CPC is produced is very different, and its principal feature is:
1, dense structure, no shrinkage cavity.By the improvement of end water-cooled and casting mold structure, form a thermograde from bottom to top, make molten metal consecutive solidification from bottom to top to help molten metal feeding from top to bottom, form the composite roll of fine and close no shrinkage cavity.
2, homogeneous microstructure, segregation-free.Overcome centrifugal casting and easily produced the defective of organizing inclined to one side plate.
3, two kinds of materials are the excellent metallurgical combination, and the bonding strength height has very high wear resistance, and good toughness is arranged again simultaneously.High-vanadium high-speed steel liquid by after induction heating roller core and the cast has reduced the temperature difference between roller core and the outer molten steel, and making low alloy steel roller core and high-vanadium high-speed steel roller is that excellent metallurgical combines.
4, technology is simple, stable, and cost is low, is fit to produce in batches.
Make roll wearing layer material with high-vanadium high-speed steel, adopt the composite roll of induction heating consecutive solidification crystallization method production to have following characteristics:
1, roll dense structure, even, segregation-free.
2, wear resistance is good, the cost performance height.Be 3-5 times of high-chromium iron-cast roller work-ing life, and price is its 2 times.
3, safe and reliable.Two kinds of materials are the excellent metallurgical combination, and the bonding strength height can not rupture in the use, cracked phenomenon.
4, can reduce in the use that consumable accessory lost efficacy and the shutdown number of times that causes is boosted productivity, reduce labour intensity.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is a compound founding roll synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Among the figure, 1, roller core, 2, high-vanadium high-speed steel liquid, 3, insulated feeder, 4, the induction heating crystallization apparatus, 5,6,7, casting mold, 8, water inlet pipe, 9, water shoot, 10, the casting mold base.
Embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is as follows to provide embodiment of the present utility model:
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment is divided into roller core and roll wearing layer with roll, and roller core adopts toughness prefabricated the forming of low alloy steel material (ZG35CrMo) preferably; The roll wearing layer adopts the high-vanadium high-speed steel material, and the principal element content of this high-vanadium high-speed steel material is: C:1.8%, V:7%, Cr:4%, Mo:3%, Ni:0.5%, surplus is an iron.
Production technique of the present invention is an induction heating consecutive solidification crystallization method.As shown in drawings, casting mold is divided into three sections, adopts different molding sand to make one, bottom 7 is 80% sodium silicate sand and 20% lagging material for sodium silicate sand, middle part 6, top 5 is the lagging material of 50% sodium silicate sand and 50%, and the base 10 of casting mold is provided with cooling water inlet pipe 8 and water shoot 9.
Concrete thermoforming process of the present invention: casting mold is put into induction heating crystallization apparatus 4, again ready-formed low alloy steel roller core 1 is put into casting mold, open induction heating device heating roller core 1, to be heated during to 1180 ℃, pour into high-vanadium high-speed steel liquid; Reduce induction heating power and continue heating 3 minutes, pour into high-vanadium high-speed steel liquid once more, continue the small power induction heating again and stop heating after 5 minutes, with postcooling 3 minutes, the water inlet pipe 8 and the water shoot 9 that are provided with by casting mold base 10 lead to water coolant in the bottom, to help a forming thermograde from bottom to top, finish until solidifying.Solidify and casting mold and foundry goods are taken out from induction heating crystallization apparatus 4 together after finishing, promptly get composite roll.
Composite roll 1000 is quenched 450 ℃ of tempering.The typical organization of skin of the roll high-vanadium high-speed steel is after the thermal treatment: VC+ martensite+austenite+M
7C
3+ Mo
2C.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment is divided into roller core and roll wearing layer with roll, and roller core adopts toughness prefabricated the forming of low alloy steel material (ZG40Cr) preferably; The roll wearing layer adopts the high-vanadium high-speed steel material, and the principal element content of this high-vanadium high-speed steel material is: C:2.8%, V:9%, Cr:4.5%, Mo:3%, Ni:1%, surplus is an iron.
What production technique of the present invention adopted is induction heating consecutive solidification crystallization method.As shown in drawings, casting mold is divided into three sections, adopts different molding sand to make one, bottom 7 is 80% sodium silicate sand and 20% lagging material for sodium silicate sand, middle part 6, top 5 is the lagging material of 50% sodium silicate sand and 50%, and the base 10 of casting mold is provided with cooling water inlet pipe 8 and water shoot 9.
Concrete thermoforming process of the present invention: casting mold is put into induction heating crystallization apparatus 4, again ready-formed low alloy steel (ZG40Cr) roller core 1 is put into casting mold, open induction heating device heating roller core 1, to be heated during to 1200 ℃, pour into high-vanadium high-speed steel liquid; Reduce power and continue heating 7 minutes, pour into high-vanadium high-speed steel liquid once more, continue the small power induction heating again and stop heating after 10 minutes, with postcooling 8 minutes, the water inlet pipe 8 and the water shoot 9 that are provided with by casting mold base 10 lead to water coolant in the bottom, to help a forming thermograde from bottom to top, finish until solidifying.Solidify and casting mold and foundry goods are taken out from induction heating crystallization apparatus 4 together after finishing, promptly get composite roll.
Composite roll 1050 is quenched 500 ℃ of tempering.The typical organization of skin of the roll high-vanadium high-speed steel is after the thermal treatment: VC+ martensite+austenite+M
7C
3+ Mo
2C.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment is divided into roller core and roll wearing layer with roll, and roller core adopts toughness prefabricated the forming of mild steel material (ZG35) preferably; The roll wearing layer adopts the high-vanadium high-speed steel material, and the principal element content of this high-vanadium high-speed steel material is: C:3.4%, V:11%, Cr:5%, Mo:2%, Ni:1.2%, surplus is an iron.
What production technique of the present invention adopted is induction heating consecutive solidification crystallization method.As shown in drawings, casting mold is divided into three sections, adopts different molding sand to make one, bottom 7 is 80% sodium silicate sand and 20% lagging material for sodium silicate sand, middle part 6, top 5 is the lagging material of 50% sodium silicate sand and 50%, and the base 10 of casting mold is provided with cooling water inlet pipe 8 and water shoot 9.
Concrete thermoforming process of the present invention: casting mold is put into induction heating crystallization apparatus 4, again ready-formed low alloy steel (ZG35) roller core 1 is put into casting mold, open induction heating device heating roller core 1, to be heated during to 1220 ℃, pour into high-vanadium high-speed steel liquid; Reduce power and continue heating 10 minutes, pour into high-vanadium high-speed steel liquid once more, continue the small power induction heating again and stop heating after 15 minutes, with postcooling 10 minutes, the water inlet pipe 8 and the water shoot 9 that are provided with by casting mold base 10 lead to water coolant in the bottom, to help a forming thermograde from bottom to top, finish until solidifying.Solidify and casting mold and foundry goods are taken out from induction heating crystallization apparatus 4 together after finishing, promptly get composite roll.
Composite roll 1050 is quenched 550 ℃ of tempering.The typical organization of skin of the roll high-vanadium high-speed steel is after the thermal treatment: VC+ martensite+austenite+M
7C
3+ Mo
2C.