CN106110864A - 一种利用铬渣浆液处理烟气的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用铬渣浆液处理烟气的方法,属于废物综合利用和环境污染治理技术领域,本发明所述方法是将铬渣浆液通入反应器中与含硫化氢的烟气充分接触反应,硫化氢与铬渣浆液中的物质进行反应,达到去除有害物质的目的;本发明工艺简单,既对铬渣进行了解毒,又治理了含硫烟气,起到了以废治废、变废为宝的目的,与现有的处理方法相比处理成本大幅度降低,可实现工业化放大。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用铬渣浆液处理烟气的方法,属于废物综合利用和环境污染治理技术领域。
背景技术
铬渣是指在铬盐生产过程中有铬铁矿、纯碱和钙质填料按一定比例混合,经高温煅烧、用水浸取铬酸钠后所得的灰绿色残渣。铬的毒性主要是六价铬,其具有极强的氧化性能对有机体有腐蚀和破坏作用。铬渣的主要成分有CaO、MgO、Fe2O3、Al2O3等,因此其碱度比较高,新排出的铬渣pH值为11-12,露天堆放铬渣会使周围土壤碱性,造成重金属污染。目前,利用铬铁矿生产铬盐,每生产1t重铬酸钠就可以生产2.0-2.5t的铬渣,我国铬渣年排放量约为60万t,中国积存量现已超过600万t。因此,铬渣的无害化处理被认为是中国铬盐行业健康发展的瓶颈问题,也是世界性难题。
目前我国铬渣无害化处理技术主要有微生物法、化学法和固化-稳定化法。微生物法是通过驯化、筛选等技术得到可还原六价铬的微生物,但由于其细菌成活率较低,目前该方法多用于实验室的研究,尚未应用于工业化处理。化学法是通过加入还原物质,在一定条件下,将铬渣中的六价铬还原为三价铬,但其解毒过程中存在二次污染,且成本很高。固化-稳定化法是将水泥或化学药剂和废物混合,经水化反应形成坚硬的固体试块,从而达到降低废物中危险成分浸出的目的,但由于废物组成的特殊性,固化过程中常常会遇到混合不均、凝结过早或过晚等情况,大大降低固化体的物理强度。因此,开发一种低成本,且稳定性较好又可以实施工业化生产的铬渣解毒方法是迫切需要的。
硫化氢是一种无色而有臭鸡蛋气味的气体,剧毒,溶于水,其水溶液呈弱酸性。工业生产中的冶金工业、煤的低温焦化、含硫石油的开发和提炼、化学制品加工和提炼以及工业厌氧硝化等过程中也常常产生并排放大量含有硫化氢的恶臭气体。硫化氢气体不仅直接危害人体健康,对动物的生长不利,而且在一定条件下还会腐蚀设备,是引起大气污染和温室效应的主要污染物之一。因此,去除废气中硫化氢的相关研究备受国内外研究人员关注。
目前,国内外处理硫化氢废气的方法主要分为干法和湿法两大类。干法是利用H2S的还原性和可燃性,以固体氧化剂或吸附剂来脱硫或直接燃烧。湿法按其所用的不同脱硫剂可分为液体吸收法和吸收氧化法两类。液体吸收法又分为利用碱性溶液的化学吸收法和利用有机溶剂的物理吸收法,以及物理化学吸收法;吸收氧化法主要利用各种氧化剂,催化剂进行脱硫。进入工业化的技术多为物理方法和化学方法,虽然处理效果好,但成本较高,且存在二次污染。因此,寻找一种稳定性好、脱硫效果高、工艺简单且价格便宜的的脱硫方法迫在眉睫。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供了一种利用铬渣浆液处理含硫化氢废气的方法,具体步骤如下:(1)将铬渣粉粹、筛分,加水搅匀制备成铬渣浆液,铬渣浆液的液固质量比为5-30:1;
(2)步骤(1)得到的铬渣浆液中通入含硫化氢的烟气,铬渣浆液与进气量体积比L:m3为5-35:1,温度20-45℃,充分接触反应后,通过烟气分析仪测量尾气出口硫化氢的浓度,随着烟气的不断通入,尾气出口检测到硫化氢浓度达到排放标准10 mg/m3时,停止通入烟气,更换铬渣浆液。
优选的,所述铬渣为陈放风化后的铬渣、粉碎加工后的铬渣或经解毒加工后的铬渣。
优选的,所述含硫化氢烟气为黄磷尾气,或其他含硫化氢气体的锅炉尾气。
本发明所述铬渣浆液存在CaO、MgO等碱性物质,其水溶液呈碱性,铬渣浆液还含有六价铬,具有毒性和氧化性;含硫化氢烟气,具有化学还原性,其水溶液呈酸性,将含硫化氢废气与铬渣浆液在反应器中充分接触反应,主要化学反应如下:
。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明用危险固废铬渣处理有毒的含硫化氢烟气,既解决了含硫化氢烟气的问题,也对铬渣进行了处理,从而达到以废治废的目的,对于节能减耗、资源回收综合利用等技术都是重大突破;该方法脱硫效果较好,铬渣中六价铬转为三价铬,且被还原的三价铬不容易返黄,含硫化氢尾气达标排放,是一种绿色节能、无二次污染的新型环保技术,符合国家可持续发展的战略方针。
(2)本发明与现有的铬渣治理方案和烟气治理方案相比较,本方法具有工艺简单、成本低廉、处理效果佳等优势,产生很好的环境效益和经济效益。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于所述内容。
实施例1
本实施例所述利用铬渣浆液处理烟气的方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将陈年风化干的铬渣粉粹后过200目筛分,按照铬渣浆液的液固质量比为5︰1的比例,称取2g过筛后的铬渣,加水10g搅匀制备成铬渣浆液;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的铬渣浆液输入反应器中,然后往反应器中通入用硫化氢气体与空气混合配制的浓度为500-700mg/m3的模拟气体,反应温度20℃,铬渣浆液与进气量体积比L:m3为25:1,通过磁力搅拌器使硫化氢气体与铬渣浆液充分接触反应,尾气通入烟气分析仪测量硫化氢出口浓度,随着烟气的通入,出口尾气中慢慢检测到硫化氢气体,硫化氢的含量增加至排放标准限值10 mg/m3时,停止通入烟气,反应进行10小时以上,脱硫效率在99%以上,此时铬渣浆液pH值为5,排出铬渣浆液,重新更换铬渣浆液继续反应。
将排出的铬渣进行检测,其六价铬含量小于1ppm,经过三个月后,再一次检测铬渣,其六价铬含量小于1ppm,没有出现返黄现象。
实施例2
本实施例所述利用铬渣浆液处理烟气的方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将解毒后的铬渣粉粹后过200目筛分,按照铬渣浆液的液固质量比为30︰1的比例,称取1kg过筛后的铬渣,加水30kg搅匀制备成铬渣浆液;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的铬渣浆液输入反应器中,然后往反应器中通入某黄磷尾气,利用恒温水浴锅使反应温度保持在45℃,铬渣浆液与进气量体积比L:m3为35:1,通过磁力搅拌器使气体与铬渣浆液充分接触反应,尾气通入烟气分析仪测量硫化氢出口浓度,随着烟气的通入,出口尾气中慢慢检测到硫化氢气体,硫化氢的含量增加至排放标准限值10 mg/m3时,停止通入烟气,反应进行10小时以上,脱硫效率在98%以上,此时铬渣浆液pH值为5,排出铬渣浆液,重新更换铬渣浆液继续反应。
将排出的铬渣进行检测,其六价铬含量小于1ppm,经过三个月后,再一次检测铬渣,其六价铬含量小于1ppm,没有出现返黄现象。
实施例3
本实施例所述含硫化氢烟气来自云南某磷化工企业产生的黄磷尾气,其主要成分及含量如下:CO75-85%、N212-15%、硫化物为1.0-1.5g/m3。
本实施例所述利用铬渣浆液处理烟气的方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将粉粹加工后含水率为0wt%铬渣过200目筛分,按照铬渣浆液的液固质量比为15︰1的比例,称取2kg过筛后的铬渣,加水30kg搅匀制备成铬渣浆液;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的铬渣浆液通过泥浆泵输入带有搅拌器的反应器中,将黄磷尾气从反应器底部通入,反应温度30℃,铬渣浆液与进气量体积比L:m3为10:1,充分接触反应,通过烟气分析仪测量出口尾气中硫化氢的浓度,随着黄磷尾气的通入,出口尾气中慢慢检测到硫化氢气体,硫化氢的含量增加至排放标准限值10 mg/m3时,停止通入烟气,反应持续时间在8h以上,脱硫率在98%以上,此时铬渣浆液pH值为6,排出铬渣浆液,重新更换铬渣浆液继续反应,烟气分析仪测量到CO超过排放标准则经过燃烧处理再排放。
将排出的铬渣进行检测,其六价铬含量小于1ppm,经过三个月后,再一次检测铬渣,其六价铬含量小于1ppm,没有出现返黄现象,然后将铬渣浆液通过板框压滤后,直接托运至建筑材料厂。
实施例4
本实施例所述烟气为四川某冶炼企业的冶炼尾气,主要成分及含量如下:CO80-83%,H21-3%,CH40.5-1.5%,H2S1-2%。
本实施例所述利用铬渣浆液处理烟气的方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将陈年风化含水率为5wt%的铬渣粉粹后过200目筛分,按照铬渣浆液的液固质量比为为10︰1的比例,称取过筛后的铬渣1kg,加水10kg搅匀制备成铬渣浆液;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的铬渣浆液通过泥浆泵输入带有搅拌器的反应器中,将冶炼尾气从反应器底部通入,反应温度40℃,铬渣浆液与进气量体积比L:m3为5:1,气体在反应器中充分反应,通过烟气分析仪测量出口尾气中硫化氢的浓度,随着冶炼尾气的通入,出口尾气中慢慢检测到硫化氢气体,硫化氢的含量增加至标准限值10 mg/m3时,停止通入烟气,反应持续时间在12小时以上,脱硫效率在99%以上,此时铬渣浆液pH值为6,排出铬渣浆液,重新更换铬渣浆液,排出的尾气因含CH4和CO,进行燃烧处理后排放。
将排出的铬渣进行检测,其六价铬含量小于1ppm,经过六个月后,再一次检测铬渣,其六价铬含量小于1ppm,没有出现返黄现象,然后将铬渣浆液通过板框压滤后,直接托运至建筑材料厂。
Claims (3)
1.一种利用铬渣浆液处理烟气的方法,其特征在于,包括以下几个步骤:
(1)将铬渣粉粹、筛分,加水搅匀制备成铬渣浆液,铬渣浆液的液固质量比为5-30:1;
(2)步骤(1)得到的铬渣浆液中通入含硫化氢的烟气,铬渣浆液与进气量体积比L:m3为5-35:1,温度20-45℃,充分接触反应后,当检测尾气中硫化氢浓度达到排放标准限值时,停止通入烟气。
2.根据权利要求1所述利用铬渣浆液处理烟气的方法,其特征在于,所述铬渣为陈放风化后的铬渣、粉碎加工后的铬渣或经解毒加工后的铬渣。
3.根据权利要求1所述利用铬渣浆液处理烟气的方法,其特征在于,所述烟气为黄磷尾气,或其他含硫化氢气体的尾气。
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CN103611410A (zh) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-03-05 | 四川省银河化学股份有限公司 | 一种处理黄磷尾气的方法 |
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CN103611410A (zh) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-03-05 | 四川省银河化学股份有限公司 | 一种处理黄磷尾气的方法 |
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