CN106092044B - Building level measurement method - Google Patents
Building level measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106092044B CN106092044B CN201610617931.5A CN201610617931A CN106092044B CN 106092044 B CN106092044 B CN 106092044B CN 201610617931 A CN201610617931 A CN 201610617931A CN 106092044 B CN106092044 B CN 106092044B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of building level measurement method, the testing for carrying out bench mark to building includes the following steps：1. selecting pilot measurement point, determining the testing elevation of bench mark and applying point position, according to the position of pilot measurement point and the location determination survey station point of testing point；2. setting up spirit level in survey station point, scale is placed in pilot measurement point, and determine the scale answers testing height, described to answer testing height be the difference for the elevation that the testing elevation of bench mark subtracts pilot measurement point；3. the height of spirit level is adjusted to answer the position of testing height on the scale at alignment pilot measurement point, the testing height of spirit level is set to become known elevation, which is the testing elevation of bench mark；4. the testing point of spirit level horizontal aligument building known to height in step 3 is horizontally rotated, by the testing point of the elevation testing of bench mark to building.Measurement process of the present invention is simple, it is high to measure precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of building level measurement methods.
Background technology
Traditional building measurement of higher degree method is that (absolute elevation coordinate and building are corresponding for the pilot measurement point that is provided by regional planning agency
The relationship of elevation) determine building elevation, and its measurement result is checked using closed circuit, repetition circuit, round-trip circuit.It passes
Measurement method of uniting generally uses following steps：Testing person set up spirit level ruler people scale put to pilot measurement point (assuming that be set to ±
0.000) it --- reads --- calculating spirit level height --- on testing person's reading scale and is converted into the building elevation for wanting testing
(generally+1.00M).
This method is cumbersome, precision is insufficient, not in the same horizontal line because of its instrument height and testing point, so cannot be timely
It was found that process error (includes error, instrument itself when ruler people centering error, dotted line during instrument error and construction survey
Error etc.), and this error is not found in the process.In conventional method：1, because testing person does not know height of instrument.2、
Height of instrument is not integer.3, the error amount of template cannot be directly read in inspection constructure ground, stay in place form testing person.
4, it also each to put and keep a record sometimes, go back to office and carry out conversion error value.
Invention content
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of measurement process simply, measures the high building level of precision
Measurement method.
The technical solution that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows：A kind of building level measurement method, for building
Object carries out the testing of bench mark, includes the following steps：
Step (1)：Pilot measurement point is selected, determine the testing elevation of bench mark and applies point position, according to pilot measurement point and testing
The position of the location determination survey station point of point；
Step (2)：Spirit level is set up in survey station point, places scale in pilot measurement point, and determine that the scale answers testing height,
The difference of the elevation for answering testing height to subtract pilot measurement point for the testing elevation of bench mark；
Step (3)：The height of spirit level is adjusted to answer the position of testing height on the scale at alignment pilot measurement point, makes water
The testing height of quasi- instrument becomes known elevation, which is the testing elevation of bench mark；
Step (4)：The testing point for horizontally rotating spirit level horizontal aligument building known to height in step (3), by water
Testing point of the elevation testing on schedule to building.
Preferably, the building has multiple testing points, and multiple survey station points are set, are transformed to by spirit level
During each survey station point, spirit level remains that the same testing elevation of alignment, the testing elevation are in the height of each survey station point
The testing elevation of bench mark.
Preferably, in step (3), scale is placed using in each testing point, and spirit level is read in rotating detection process
The rod reading of alignment and the mode of record determine the level height of each testing point；
Or using being determined in such a way that each testing point is marked by the position that spirit level is aligned in rotating detection process
The level height of each testing point.
Preferably, in step (3), the position that is aligned by spirit level to each testing point in rotating detection process is into rower
Note, and each testing point of testing is connected mark by way of playing horizontal line two-by-two, form the level of building
Line.
Preferably, the measurement method further includes carrying out inspection review to each testing point, levelling line, include the following steps：
Step A：When testing person converts survey station point in rotating detection process, height of leveling instrument alignment levelling line；
Step B：Slowly rotation spirit level indicates measurement result if spirit level crosshair is overlapped with the levelling line of building
Correctly, it can directly be found if any error when rotating spirit level.
Preferably, the measurement method further includes the inspection and correction to spirit level in measurement process, including following step
Suddenly：
Step a：On building the testing point that any two air line distance is not less than 40m, the spirit level are taken with spirit level
It is constituted using the spirit level as the isosceles triangle on vertex with line of the above-mentioned two testing point in same level；
Step b：The testing elevation of the spirit level alignment is the testing elevation of bench mark, by the crosshair pair of the spirit level
Two testing points being chosen in quasi- step a are simultaneously marked in each testing point by the position that the crosshair of the spirit level is aligned；
Step c：Converting the position of the spirit level makes it with two testing points being chosen in step a in same level
Line form right angle triangle, the right angled triangle is using the line of two testing points as bevel edge, the right angled triangle
Wherein one right-angle side length be not more than 3m；
Step d：The spirit level is adjusted, it is the testing elevation of bench mark to make its testing elevation being aligned, and passes through the level
The mark of the mark of two testing points described in instrument observation of steps c, such as two testing points is still located on sustained height, i.e.,
Show that spirit level is working properly, coincidence measurement precision is on the contrary, it is necessary to rear is corrected to spirit level and can be used.
Preferably, the reading direction of the scale at pilot measurement point and at testing point is held in vertical direction.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：1, become known traditional height of leveling instrument is unknown.2, reduce pilot measurement elevation and
The conversion process of testing elevation.3, survey station point instrument height and building need elevation in the same horizontal line in fact, and it is multiple to have reached measurement
Core settles at one go.4 ,+1.00M points on building are similarly aligned with after converting instrumented site can find that this accuracy of instrument misses in time
Difference.5, such as Field Force the method in short supply can complete than the two accurate measurements of the more accurate spirit level of people with a people.6, it utilizes
This method can also allow live testing person that can find that instrument error can be adjusted to instrument to allow in 10 minutes self in time
In range, testing is made to meet code requirement.7, using this method：Such as check that form height, ground are high in building structure construction
It can a reading error value when spending error.8, such as certain building building be basement one, two floor when tester often+- numerical computations
Reverse the phenomenon that causing basis to backbreak or excavate again for the second time, is very common in construction, uses this method：Such as basement -8m, apply
Survey person moves on to datum mark the integer of -6.5m, and then, instrument is to quasi- 6.5m.If each datum mark is set as integer, instrument
The known elevation of alignment, makes a fault when thus being avoided that calculating, just does a sum orally and can complete without calculator.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the instrumentation plan of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is the instrumentation plan of floor template platform in the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Specific implementation mode
The principle and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, and
It is non-to be used to limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, method using the present invention carries out building the testing of bench mark, include the following steps：
Step (1)：Pilot measurement point 2 is selected, determine the testing elevation of bench mark and applies point position, according to pilot measurement point 2 and is applied
The position of the location determination survey station point of measuring point.
Step (2)：Spirit level 1 is set up in survey station point, places scale in pilot measurement point 2, and determine that the scale answers testing height
Degree, the difference of the elevation for answering testing height to subtract pilot measurement point for the testing elevation of bench mark；If as shown in Figure 1, pilot measurement point 2
Height be ± 0.00m, the testing elevation of bench mark is set as+1.00m, and described to answer testing height then be+1.00m.
Step (3)：The height of spirit level 1 is adjusted to answer the position of testing height on the scale at alignment pilot measurement point 2, is made
The testing height of spirit level 1 becomes known elevation, which is the testing elevation of bench mark；
Step (4)：The testing point for horizontally rotating 1 horizontal aligument building of spirit level known to height in step (3), by water
Elevation testing on schedule is marked in testing point by the position that spirit level 1 is aligned to the testing point of building.
Generally all determination has multiple testing points to building, and has multiple surveys according to the location determination of pilot measurement point and testing point
Website, during spirit level 1 is transformed to each survey station point, spirit level 1 remains that alignment is same in the height of each survey station point
One testing elevation, the testing elevation are the testing elevation of bench mark.Side of the spirit level 1 in the elevation procedure (2) of each survey station point
Method is adjusted, and in the survey station point that some can not be directed at pilot measurement point, the spirit level 1 at this then can be by being directed at applying for testing
The mark of measuring point is adjusted to testing height.
In rotating detection process, after each testing point is marked by the position that spirit level 1 is aligned, each testing to testing
Point is connected mark by way of playing horizontal line two-by-two, forms the levelling line of building.
The measurement method of the present invention further includes carrying out inspection review to each testing point, levelling line, is included the following steps：
Step A：When testing person converts survey station point in rotating detection process, height of leveling instrument alignment levelling line；
Step B：Slowly rotation spirit level indicates measurement result if spirit level crosshair is overlapped with the levelling line of building
Correctly, it can directly be found if any error when rotating spirit level.
The measurement method of the present invention further includes the inspection and correction in measurement process to spirit level, is included the following steps：
Step a：On building the testing point that any two air line distance is not less than 40m, the present embodiment are taken with spirit level 1
In, as shown in Figure 1, positioned at the testing point that two air line distances of the leftmost side and the rightmost side on paper are 40m, in being located on paper
Between line in same level of spirit level 1 and above-mentioned two testing point to constitute with the spirit level 1 be the isosceles three on vertex
It is angular；
Step b：The testing elevation that the spirit level 1 is aligned is the testing elevation of bench mark, by the crosshair of the spirit level 1
Two testing points being chosen in alignment procedures a are simultaneously marked in each testing point by the position that the crosshair of the spirit level 1 is aligned,
As shown in Figure 1, being respectively formed mark point A3 and mark point B4；
Step c：As shown in Figure 1, convert the position of the rightmost to paper of the spirit level 1, make it with mark point A3 and
A wherein right-angle side for line form right angle triangles of the mark point B4 in same level, the right angled triangle is label
The line of point A3 and mark point B4, the length of another right-angle side are the line of spirit level 1 and mark point B4 described in Fig. 1,
Length is 3m；
Step d：The spirit level 1 is adjusted, it is the testing elevation of bench mark to make its testing elevation being aligned, and passes through the level
Instrument 1 observes mark point A3 and mark point B4 and shows spirit level 1 if mark point A3 and mark point B4 are still located on sustained height
Working properly, coincidence measurement precision is on the contrary, it is necessary to be corrected rear to spirit level 1 and can be used.
Grasp spirit level after this method take less than be corrected to detection department every 1 year, half a year, oneself periodically or not
Regularly carry out instrument correction work, make measurement more precisely, more trust.
Embodiment 2
In floor template platform construction, the error amount to beam, platform template is needed to check, such as exceeds code requirement
Will later process construction before be adjusted in specification allowable range.Assuming that the elevation of pilot measurement point is ± 0.00m, it is assumed that the platform
The thickness for the concrete that will be constructed is 0.12m, and measurement method using the present invention measures, and includes the following steps：
(1) it is ± 0.00m that, which selects pilot measurement point, pilot measurement point height, determines that the elevation of floor bench mark is+1.4m (floors
The elevation of floor template upper surface should be+0.00m after construction), determine the position of testing point, rectangle frame indicates floor mould in Fig. 2
Plate platform, the dot in rectangle frame is each point to be checked (i.e. testing point) position, determines the position of survey station point, Fig. 2's
Intermediate in rectangle frame is that one of spirit level sets up point (i.e. survey station point).
(2) sets up spirit level in survey station point, at pilot measurement point and each testing point placement scale, pilot measurement point and at testing point
The reading direction of scale be held in vertical direction.Determine that the testing height of answering of the scale is+1.4m.
(3)+the 1.4m that is adjusted to the height of spirit level 1 on the scale at alignment pilot measurement point 2 is read, and a floor is most
Amount uses a survey station point, such as need to really move spirit level to other survey station points, the alidade of spirit level is directed at pilot measurement point+1.4m
Reading.
(4) horizontally rotates the scale at each testing point of spirit level horizontal aligument, reads scale high scale numerical value.Such as reading
It is 1.52m, i.e. formwork elevation measuring is correct；If reading is 1.525m, i.e. the low 5mm of form height.
Above-mentioned measurement method is crossed measurement data mark on the plan view of the floor template platform, you can to the floor mould
The levelness of plate platform correctly judged, is more than readjusting for design and code requirement for error.
It is measured according to above-mentioned measurement method, the data of record are few, and computational methods are quick and easy, reduce complexity
Conversion process, the error amount of template or flooring can be directly read, it is very convenient and practical, as long as tester is by short-term
Between practice, grope, gain the essentials can free and relaxed completion.
In conclusion measurement method using the present invention measures, has the following advantages：
1, become known traditional leveling measuring instrument height is unknown.Because it in measurement process, spirit level is sighted
Portion is by the quickly adjustment directly desired elevation of alignment.(i.e. the testing elevation of building bench mark)
2, reduce the conversion process of pilot measurement elevation and testing elevation.Such as：I want on certain building testing+
The pilot measurement point that the bench mark of 1.00m, Party A or regional planning agency provide is assumed to be building elevation -0.5m, and ruler people vertically puts scale
It sets on pilot measurement point, the 1.5m scales on the alidade alignment scale of spirit level, rotation instrument is to should survey on just certain building
Point is+1.00 level point or horizontal line.When traditional measurement is omitted, pilot measurement elevation mark-on ruler height subtracts the bench mark of testing
Elevation.Sometimes, apply tester often because calculate mistake or reverse+with-relationship caused by the consequence done over again.
3, because this method survey station point spirit level height and building should survey elevation in the same horizontal line, measurement review has been reached
It settles at one go.
4, this accuracy of instrument error can be found in time by being similarly aligned with+1.00M points on building behind transformation spirit level position.
5, such as Field Force is in short supply, and measurement method through the invention can be completed the measurement of building by a people,
It is measured than two people of conventional method more acurrate.Because this method height of spirit level when measuring all is known, if,
I will building it is upper will one+1.00m of bullet horizontal line, I is followed closely and is existed with the stainless rule or acrylic glass ruler of 300mm long
On wall, spirit level alidade sees that the point on ruler seeks to the+1.00m of testing.+ 1.00m the points of all testing points are connected
The horizontal line of formation is just on same horizontal line with the elevation of spirit level.You can have found the horizontal line that you measure at any time
Error amount.(two people of tradition, which measure, can not possibly find the actual error value in measurement process, and this measurement essence is not achieved
Degree.(error is essentially consisted in by scale people, error when ruler heeling error, dotted line, and scale portion accounts for thing error, testing person sometimes
Error etc. when reading.It can also allow live testing person that can find instrument error in time using this method, it can be live 10 self
Instrument is adjusted in allowable range in minute, testing is made to meet code requirement.
6, using this method：It can once be read when such as checking form height, ground level error in building structure construction
Go out error amount.
7, when such as certain building building is basement one, two floor tester often+- numerical computations are reverse that basis is caused to backbreak or the
Secondary the phenomenon that excavating again, is very common in construction, with the measurement method of the present invention：Such as basement -8m, testing person is level
The elevation of point moves on to the integer of -6.5m, and then, spirit level is to quasi- 6.5m.If the elevation of each bench mark is set as integer,
The known elevation of spirit level alignment, makes a fault when thus being avoided that calculating, just does a sum orally and can complete without calculator.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of building level measurement method, which is characterized in that the testing for carrying out bench mark to building, including following step
Suddenly：
Step (1)：Pilot measurement point is selected, determine the testing elevation of bench mark and applies point position, according to pilot measurement point and testing point
The position of location determination survey station point；The building has multiple testing points, and multiple survey station points are arranged, and becomes by spirit level
During changing to each survey station point, spirit level remains that the same testing elevation of alignment, the testing are high in the height of each survey station point
Journey is the testing elevation of bench mark；
Step (2)：Spirit level is set up in survey station point, scale is placed in pilot measurement point, and determine the scale answers testing height, it is described
It is the difference for the elevation that the testing elevation of bench mark subtracts pilot measurement point to answer testing height；
Step (3)：The height of spirit level is adjusted to answer the position of testing height on the scale at alignment pilot measurement point, makes spirit level
Testing height become known elevation, which is the testing elevation of bench mark；
Step (4)：The testing point for horizontally rotating spirit level horizontal aligument building known to height in step (3), by bench mark
Elevation testing to the testing point of building, each testing point is marked by the position that spirit level is aligned in rotating detection process,
And each testing point of testing is connected mark by way of playing horizontal line two-by-two, form the levelling line of building；
Step (5)：To the inspection of spirit level and correction in measurement process, include the following steps：
Step a：On building with spirit level take any two air line distance be not less than 40m testing point, the spirit level with it is upper
Line of two testing points in same level is stated to constitute using the spirit level as the isosceles triangle on vertex；
Step b：The testing elevation of the spirit level alignment is the testing elevation of bench mark, and the crosshair of the spirit level is directed at step
Two testing points being chosen in rapid a are simultaneously marked in each testing point by the position that the crosshair of the spirit level is aligned；
Step c：Converting the position of the spirit level makes its company with two testing points being chosen in step a in same level
Line form right angle triangle, the right angled triangle using the line of two testing points as bevel edge, the right angled triangle its
In a right-angle side length be not more than 3m；
Step d：The spirit level is adjusted, it is the testing elevation of bench mark to make its testing elevation being aligned, and is seen by the spirit level
The mark of two testing points described in step c is examined, the mark of such as two testing points is still located on sustained height, that is, shows
Spirit level is working properly, coincidence measurement precision, on the contrary, it is necessary to be corrected rear to spirit level and can be used.
2. building level measurement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), using in each testing
Point placement scale, and the mode of rod reading and record that spirit level is aligned is read to determine each testing point in rotating detection process
Level height；
Or it is respectively applied in such a way that each testing point is marked by the position that spirit level is aligned to determine using in rotating detection process
The level height of measuring point.
3. building level measurement method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the measurement method further includes to each testing
Point, levelling line carry out inspection review, include the following steps：
Step A：When testing person converts survey station point in rotating detection process, height of leveling instrument alignment levelling line；
Step B：Slowly rotation spirit level indicates that measurement result is correct if spirit level crosshair is overlapped with the levelling line of building,
It can directly be found if any error when rotating spirit level.
4. building level measurement method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the scale at pilot measurement point and at testing point
Reading direction be held in vertical direction.
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| CN201610617931.5A CN106092044B (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2016-07-29 | Building level measurement method |
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| CN201610617931.5A CN106092044B (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2016-07-29 | Building level measurement method |
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| CN108931231A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2018-12-04 | 中国二十冶集团有限公司 | The observation method of high-precision rolling mill foundation settlement |
| CN111536997B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2023-06-02 | 中建七局第一建筑有限公司 | Self-checking correction method for level |
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| CN103759705B (en) * | 2014-01-30 | 2017-02-15 | 大连圣博尔测绘仪器科技有限公司 | Three-point closed laying measurement method for composite water level |
| CN105466366B (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2018-05-08 | 中国建筑股份有限公司 | The vertical absolute deformation of Super High framed-tube structure and differential deformation monitoring device and method |
| CN105674952B (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2018-12-18 | 武汉市市政建设集团有限公司 | Building settlement measuring device and method |
| CN105444733A (en) * | 2016-01-09 | 2016-03-30 | 长安大学 | Measuring scale and measuring method for automatically-centralized level gauge |
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