CN105674952B - Building settlement measuring device and method - Google Patents
Building settlement measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105674952B CN105674952B CN201610012681.2A CN201610012681A CN105674952B CN 105674952 B CN105674952 B CN 105674952B CN 201610012681 A CN201610012681 A CN 201610012681A CN 105674952 B CN105674952 B CN 105674952B
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- scale
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- shell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
- G01C15/002—Active optical surveying means
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of building settlement measuring device and method, which includes laser body and scale；The laser body includes hollow shell, the disk of the hull outside is set and is arranged in the intracorporal support rod of the shell, laser emitter and tow ball, the disk rotational is mounted on the outside of the shell, the both ends of the support rod pass through connecting rope respectively and connect with disk, the equal length of two connecting ropes, the tow ball is connected by the middle part of suspension rope and support rod, the laser emitter is vertically mounted on the middle part of support rod, and it can be rotated around support rod, the shell has a transparent glass planar, so that the laser beam of laser transmitter projects is projected through glass planar；The outside of glass planar is arranged in the scale, and for receiving the laser beam issued from laser emitter, the scale is equipped with scale.Price of the present invention is more economical, and ranging is longer, and human cost is lower, and measurement accuracy is higher.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to measurement of higher degree technical fields, and in particular to a kind of building settlement measuring device and method.
Background technique
With the quickening of Chinese Urbanization construction speed, the various complicated and large-scale works in the fields such as municipal administration, water conservancy, civil engineering
Journey building is increasing, the construction of building, produces biggish additonal pressure to ground original around building, changes
The stress of surrounding formation, this will necessarily just cause the sedimentation and deformation of ground and surrounding formation.In order to guarantee building just
It is often used service life and safety, and is provided for later construction and reliably instructs data, the importance of building subsidence observation is cured
Add obvious.Current specifications also provides that high-rise, towering structure, important heritage buildings and continuous production equipment are basic, dynamic
Power Equipment Foundations, side slope, foundation pit etc. are intended to carry out settlement observation.Especially during high-story architecture construction, meet the tendency of with sedimentation
Enhance process monitoring is observed, reasonable working procedure is instructed, prevention occurs differential settlement in the construction process, timely feedbacks letter
Breath, for prospective design construction, department provides detailed first-hand data, and constructure body structure is broken caused by avoiding because of settlement reason
It is bad, the crack that structure uses function is had an impact, huge economic loss is caused.
Widely used settlement observer is mainly level in engineering at present, is measured by establishing horizontal line of sight
The height difference of ground point-to-point transmission.Level measurement has the disadvantage that:
1) expensive, high-precision level generally will be several just in case platforms, increase economic cost；
2) manpower needed is more, and general level measurement needs at least two measuring technique personnel, causes manpower unrestrained
Take；
3) measuring technique personnel are both needed to preferably grasp Measure skill by training, increase time cost；
4) tripod is set up and is shifted and will form certain measurement error, and turning point is more, and accumulated error is bigger；
5) measurement distance is shorter, and with the increase of ranging, error also be will increase.
Therefore, research and development more economic and reliable, ranging be longer, the lower building settlement measurement of human cost is to civil engineering
The development in field is significant.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of building settlement measuring device and methods, its price is more economical, ranging
Longer, human cost is lower, and measurement accuracy is higher.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of building settlement measuring device, the device include laser body and scale；Wherein,
The laser body includes that closed hollow shell, the disk that the hull outside is arranged in and setting exist
The intracorporal support rod of the shell, laser emitter and tow ball, the disk rotational are mounted on the outside of the shell, the branch
The both ends of strut pass through connecting rope respectively and connect with disk, and the equal length of two connecting ropes, the tow ball passes through suspension rope
It is connect with the middle part of support rod, the laser emitter is vertically mounted on the middle part of support rod, and can rotate around support rod, institute
Shell is stated with a transparent glass planar, so that the laser beam of laser transmitter projects is projected through glass planar；
The outside of glass planar is arranged in the scale, described for receiving the laser beam issued from laser emitter
Scale is equipped with scale.
According to the above technical scheme, the shell is the cuboid made of five pieces of rectangular steel plates and one piece of transparent homogeneous glass
Shell.
According to the above technical scheme, the disk rotational is mounted on the middle part for the rectangular steel plates being connected with glass planar.
According to the above technical scheme, the quality of the tow ball is 5~20 times of the quality of support rod.
According to the above technical scheme, the distance between adjacent scale of every two is less than 1mm on the scale.
Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a kind of building settlement measurement methods, comprising the following steps:
S1, scale is fixedly mounted on the object for not generating sedimentation remotely, by laser body be embedded in
It on the building side wall of the hot work in progress of survey, falls tow ball vertically, guarantees that support rod is in horizontality, rotating circular disk tune
The orientation of support rod in the horizontal plane is saved, around support rod axis rotary laser transmitter, adjusts the transmitting up and down of laser emitter
Orientation makes the laser beam of laser transmitter projects pass through glass planar and is incident upon on scale, fixed laser transmitter；
S2, certain interval of time read acquisition primary laser beam and are incident upon the altitude data on scale, adjacent data twice
Difference be building settlement value.
According to the above technical scheme, further include the projection elevation of step S3, optimization laser beam on scale:
S301, certain interval of time acquire scale photo by taking pictures；
S302, photo is read by computer software, and extracts the optical information in photo, obtained along scale label laser
The normal distyribution function of information flux, and the corresponding laser intelligence flux magnitude of discrete index point can get on scale；
S303, nonlinear optimization is carried out to the normal distyribution function in step S302, which is indicated with following formula
The corresponding elevation z of maximum laser information flux G can be obtained to get signal is arrived most
The corresponding scale altitude data of strong point, wherein G indicates the size of laser intelligence flux, z0Indicate the scale on scale, α, β, z
For parameter to be optimized, z indicates elevation.
The beneficial effect comprise that: the device, which does not need manually to set up tripod, to be measured, only need to be by laser
Trigger mechanism is mounted on the side wall of building to be measured, and scale is remotely mounted not by the ground of construction infection or building
On, when measurement, on laser transmitter projects laser beam projects to scale, it can periodically read quarter of the laser beam projects on scale
Angle value, the difference of adjacent data twice are building settlement value.The present invention is relative to traditional level price more economy, ranging
It is longer, human cost is lower, measurement accuracy is higher, is well suited for promoting in the applications in civil engineering such as municipal administration, water conservancy, civil engineering, can
For the construction settlement of the engineerings such as observing earth building room, side slope, foundation pit, to prevent the main structure crack generated by settlement reason
It provides safeguard, belongs to field.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, in attached drawing:
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the normal distyribution function figure of laser intelligence flux in the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure: 1- shell, 101- glass planar, 2- disk, 3- connecting rope, 4- laser emitter, 5- support rod, 6- traction
Ball, 7- laser beam, 8- scale, 9- suspension rope.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of building settlement measuring device, which includes laser body and scale 8；Wherein,
Laser body includes closed hollow shell 1, the disk 2 that 1 outside of shell is arranged in and is arranged in shell 1
Interior support rod 5, laser emitter 4 and tow ball 6, disk 2 are rotatably installed in the outside of shell 1, the both ends difference of support rod 5
It is connect by connecting rope 3 with disk 2, the equal length of two connecting ropes 3, tow ball 6 passes through in suspension rope 9 and support rod 5
Portion's connection, laser emitter 4 is vertically mounted on the middle part of support rod 5, and can rotate around support rod, and shell 1 is saturating with one
Bright glass planar 101, so that the laser beam 7 that laser emitter 4 emits is projected through glass planar 101；
The outside of glass planar 101 is arranged in scale 8, for receiving the laser beam 7 issued from laser emitter 4, mark
Ruler 8 is equipped with scale.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 1, shell 1 is by five pieces of rectangular steel plates and one piece of transparent homogeneous
Cuboid housing made of glass, wherein disk rotational is mounted on the middle part for the rectangular steel plates being connected with glass planar.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 1, the quality of tow ball 6 is the 5~20 of the quality of support rod 5
Times, generally take 10 times.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 1, tow ball 6 is steel ball, support rod 5 is steel pipe.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 1, the distance between adjacent scale of every two is less than on scale 8
1mm, generally takes 1mm, and measurement accuracy is high.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of building settlement measurement method, comprising the following steps:
S1, scale 8 is fixedly mounted on the object for not generating sedimentation remotely, by laser body be embedded in
It on the building side wall of the hot work in progress of survey, falls tow ball 6 vertically, guarantees that support rod 5 is in horizontality, rotating circular disk
2 adjust the orientation of support rod 5 in the horizontal plane, around 5 axis rotary laser transmitter 4 of support rod, adjust the upper of laser emitter 4
Lower launch azimuth, the laser beam 7 for emitting laser emitter 4 pass through glass planar 101 and are incident upon on scale 8, fixed laser hair
Emitter 4；
S2, certain interval of time read acquisition primary laser beam and are incident upon the altitude data on scale, adjacent data twice
Difference be building settlement value.
According to the above technical scheme, further include the projection elevation of step S3, optimization laser beam on scale:
S301, certain interval of time acquire scale photo by taking pictures；
S302, photo is read by computer software, and extracts the optical information in photo, as shown in Fig. 2, obtaining along mark
The normal distyribution function of ruler scale laser intelligence flux, and the corresponding laser intelligence flux magnitude of discrete index point on scale
It obtains；
S303, nonlinear optimization is carried out to the normal distyribution function in step S302, which is indicated with following formula
The corresponding elevation z of maximum laser information flux G can be obtained to get signal is arrived
The corresponding scale altitude data of point of maximum intensity, wherein G indicates the size of laser intelligence flux, z0Scale on expression scale, α, β,
Z is parameter to be optimized, and z indicates elevation.
The present invention in specific application, 1) hollow closed five face of cuboid housing is steel plate, be on one side transparent glass, will grow
Cube shell is embedded on the side wall of building to be measured, and wherein glass planar makes the laser emitter in cuboid towards outside
The laser beam of transmitting can be through on the outside of glass planar directive；
2) cuboid housing top panel center is fixed with rotatable disk, and branch can be adjusted by rotating circular disk
The orientation of strut in the horizontal plane, and the support rod settled out can have been on horizontal plane, swash for laser transmitter projects
The accuracy of beam signal provides guarantee, and housing upper face plate center is provided with the circular aperture of a diameter very little, a pair of isometric
One of rope, which is held together, to be connected by circular aperture with disk, and other end is connect with the both ends of support rod respectively；
3) support rod lower end center is connected by rope and a tow ball, and tow ball heavier-weight can use support
10 times or so of bar weight, in this way, the laser emitter of the inside can still be kept even if the inclination in angle has occurred in shell
Stablize；
4) laser emitter and support rod vertically connect, and can rotate around support rod, and rotating to proper angle can consolidate
It is fixed, then steel pipe is adjusted in horizontal plane orientation by rotating circular disk, so that the laser beam accessoble region of laser transmitter projects
Domain is larger, provides bigger space for putting for scale；
5) laser beam is issued by laser emitter；
6) scale is erected on the remotely ground far from building site or is embedded on the building far from building site, for receiving
The laser beam of laser transmitter projects, higher precision, scale high scale are intensive enough in order to obtain.
The present invention can also acquire scale photo by taking pictures, and then carry out the exact scale of office operation analysis laser.
Office operation analytic process is as follows:
1, optical information extraction is carried out by photo of the softwares such as Matlab to acquisition, as shown in Fig. 2, the laser letter extracted
Ceasing flux can be at normal distribution, each scale z on scale label0On laser intelligence flux G value can obtain；
2, in order to further eliminate scale label error, we by function shown in Fig. 2 carry out nonlinear optimization come
It is that strongest (highest point of normal distribution) corresponding scale elevation of signal is found in optimization to more accurate elevation z,
Laser normal distribution signal as shown in Figure 2 can be indicated with following formula
(1), in formula, G indicates signal flux magnitude, z0Scale on expression scale, α, β,
Z is parameter to be optimized, and wherein z indicates elevation, only need to can search out G pairs of peak signal flux using conventional Non-Linear Programming
The elevation z answered, the height value as finally to be looked for.
The above interior optimization analytic process can be compiled into one section of program to make computer automatically process photo, every scale
Photo can the higher elevation z of one precision of optimization.In this way, shooting a scale photo at regular intervals, and bring back room
It is inside analyzed, the adjacent depth displacement analyzed twice is building settlement value.
The present invention can be used for monitoring building in civil engineering and be generated with the increase of building time due to foundation settlement
Building sink, to prediction building safety have vital effect.The present disclosure applies equally to side slopes, foundation pit
Settlement monitoring, only shell need to be embedded in side slope or foundation pit, scale is fixed on not by construction infection remotely.
It should be understood that for those of ordinary skills, it can be modified or changed according to the above description,
And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of building settlement measurement method, is measured using building settlement measuring device, the building settlement is surveyed
Measuring device includes laser body and scale；The laser body includes closed hollow shell, is arranged in the shell
The disk of external side and setting are in the intracorporal support rod of the shell, laser emitter and tow ball, the disk rotational installation
In the outside of the shell, the both ends of the support rod pass through connecting rope respectively and connect with disk, the length phase of two connecting ropes
It is connected Deng, the tow ball by the middle part of suspension rope and support rod, the laser emitter is vertically mounted in support rod
Portion, and can be rotated around support rod, the shell has a transparent glass planar, so that the laser of laser transmitter projects
Beam is projected through glass planar；The outside of glass planar is arranged in the scale, for receiving from laser emitter sending
Laser beam, the scale are equipped with scale；It is characterized in that, method includes the following steps:
S1, scale is fixedly mounted on the object for not generating sedimentation remotely, laser body is embedded in be measured
It on the building side wall of hot work in progress, falls tow ball vertically, guarantees that support rod is in horizontality, rotating circular disk adjusts branch
The orientation of strut in the horizontal plane adjusts the launch azimuth up and down of laser emitter around support rod axis rotary laser transmitter,
Make the laser beam of laser transmitter projects pass through glass planar to be incident upon on scale, fixed laser transmitter；
S2, certain interval of time read acquisition primary laser beam and are incident upon the altitude data on scale, the difference of adjacent data twice
As building settlement value；
The projection elevation of S3, optimization laser beam on scale:
S301, certain interval of time acquire scale photo by taking pictures；
S302, photo is read by computer software, and extracts the optical information in photo, obtained along scale label laser intelligence
The normal distyribution function of flux, and the corresponding laser intelligence flux magnitude of discrete index point can get on scale；
S303, nonlinear optimization is carried out to the normal distyribution function in step S302, which is indicated with following formula
The corresponding elevation z of maximum laser information flux G can be obtained to get signal point of maximum intensity is arrived
Corresponding scale altitude data, wherein G indicates the size of laser intelligence flux, z0Indicate scale on scale, α, β, z be to
Optimal Parameters, z indicate elevation.
2. building settlement measurement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the shell is by five pieces of rectangle steels
Cuboid housing made of plate and one piece of transparent homogeneous glass.
3. building settlement measurement method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the disk rotational is mounted on and glass
The middle part of the connected rectangular steel plates of glass plane.
4. building settlement measurement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the quality of the tow ball is support
5~20 times of the quality of bar.
5. building settlement measurement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that every two adjacent quarter on the scale
The distance between degree is less than 1mm.
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| CN201610012681.2A CN105674952B (en) | 2016-01-08 | 2016-01-08 | Building settlement measuring device and method |
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| CN201610012681.2A CN105674952B (en) | 2016-01-08 | 2016-01-08 | Building settlement measuring device and method |
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| CN105674952B true CN105674952B (en) | 2018-12-18 |
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| CN106092044B (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-09-25 | 顾建忠 | Building level measurement method |
| CN106767688B (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-06-19 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Tank foundation settlement monitoring device based on laser ranging |
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| CN107422333B (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2023-09-29 | 浙江新创规划建筑设计有限公司 | Laser ranging matrix |
| CN107860317B (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2020-10-27 | 长沙理工大学 | Method for detecting displacement or vibration amplitude of structure based on displacement of laser spot |
| CN108180894A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-19 | 河北省建筑科学研究院 | Building settlement measures and urban waterlogging prior-warning device |
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| CN111156961A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-05-15 | 深圳市鹰眼在线电子科技有限公司 | Laser settlement monitoring device and laser settlement monitoring system |
| CN111174760A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-05-19 | 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 | Ship inclination angle measuring device and measuring method thereof |
| CN113375638B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-07-15 | 青岛黄海学院 | Building engineering perpendicularity measuring instrument and using method |
| CN114152239A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-03-08 | 盐城工学院 | Surface layer settlement measuring method and observation device thereof |
| CN115772920A (en) * | 2023-02-13 | 2023-03-10 | 广州继善建筑技术有限公司 | Foundation detection method and device |
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