CN106083372A - A kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on straw and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on straw and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106083372A CN106083372A CN201610455152.XA CN201610455152A CN106083372A CN 106083372 A CN106083372 A CN 106083372A CN 201610455152 A CN201610455152 A CN 201610455152A CN 106083372 A CN106083372 A CN 106083372A
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- straw
- carbamide
- carrier type
- medium carrier
- release
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on straw and preparation method thereof, including carbamide 74～97.48 parts, straw 2.5～20 parts, polyacrylamide 0.01～4 parts, iron salt 0.01～2 parts.By crushed stalk, then by several times or join in the molten slurry of carbamide after mixing with polyacrylamide, iron salt；Fully, mixed slip prepares the slow-release carbamide of different-grain diameter in stirring.The medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on straw that the present invention develops is applied to farmland, reduces the volatilization of nitrogen, leaching loss, improves nitrogen utilization efficiency, can be that soil microorganism provides carbon source, stimulate microbial activity, improve the effectiveness of nitrogen, increase the soil organism, improve Soil structure.Solve that chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is low, crop material burns and brings shortcomings and the problem such as straw utilization difficulty is big.The production technology of straw base carrier type slow-release carbamide is simple, cost is relatively low.The medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on straw that the present invention develops has boundless application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of slow-release carbamide, a kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on straw and
Its preparation method.
Background technology
Chemical fertilizer is important capital goods in the agricultural sector, is grain " grain ".Since reform and opening-up, the agricultural of China obtains
Fast development, China has supported the population in the world 22% to account for the arable land less than 10%, the world, but owing to having a large population in a small area, grain
Safety problem remains the key problem of China's agricultural.From 1978 to 2014 years, China's grain yield was from 3.05 hundred million tons of increases
To 6.02 hundred million tons, add more than 1 times, and the consumption of inorganic fertilizer (scale) be from increasing to nearly 60,000,000 tons less than 10,000,000 tons,
Add more than 5 times, but the farming area of cereal crops is reduced to 1.12 hundred million hectares by 1.21 hundred million hectares, shows China's increases in grain production
Mainly the grain yield by improving unit are realizes, and wherein inorganic fertilizer serves vital effect.But nothing
The excess of machine chemical fertilizer and unreasonable use the plant recovery of nutrient reducing fertilizer, bring many disastrous effects, such as mass energy and
The waste of resource, potential environmental risk, quality of agricultural product decline and the degeneration of soil quality, to environment and sustainable development band
Carry out increasingly adverse influence, and thus to the existence of the mankind with healthy constitute serious threat.Except nutrition efficient type
The screening of crop, the innovation of agronomic measures and study outside efficient fertilizer practice, exploitation is applicable to the slow controlled release of large cereal crops
Fertilizer variety, makes fertilizer nutrient the most absorbed by crops and utilizes, and is to improve its plant recovery of nutrient, it is achieved Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied
Potentiation, one of important means of developing modern agriculture and the Implement of sustainable development strategy.
Sustained-controll-release fertiliser have raising plant recovery of nutrient, reduce environment-stress, improve crops quality apply fertilizer into saving
This etc. plurality of advantages.Substrate fertilizer (Matrix-based fertilizer) is by uniformly dispersing for fertilizer nutrient or be adsorbed in
In certain functional material, the desorbing of nutrient, the corrosion of functional material or degraded are released by fertilizer nutrient along with functional material
Release, there is certain nutrient slowly-released effect.Compared with film-coated controlled release fertilizer, medium carrier type slow release fertilizer possesses low cost
The advantages such as honest and clean, technique is simple, are suitable for the requirement of Production of Large Fields, therefore have wide market prospect.Currently, with respect to substrate fertilizer
Laboratory research more, scale product is less, its exist subject matter have: the nutrient of the medium carrier that (1) is selected bear
The materials such as carrying capacity is low, such as hydrogel, under equal nutrient content hydrogel carrier fertilizer to use weight relatively big, transport uses cost relatively
Height, and its chronic administration likely destroys soil physics structure, is unfavorable for large-scale application；(2) medium carrier selected is
Nonrenewable resources, such as Vermiculitum, zeolite, bentonite and montmorillonite etc., long-term the using in a large number of inorganic mineral may be to soil
The original physical arrangement of earth damages, and they are as nonrenewable resources, are not suitable for the sustainable development of modern agriculture；
(3) the source relative narrowness of the medium carrier selected, such as ceramic industry waste residue, alginate jelly industrial residue, cellulose, lignin
Its large-scale application on large cereal crops is limited with materials such as starch.Therefore, have wide material sources, cheap,
Nutrient load capacity big and to soil environment without destructiveness, the matrix carrier material of enabling in particular to the to foster and apply fertilizer features such as improvement soil has
It is widely applied prospect.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of medium carrier type slow release based on straw
Carbamide and preparation method thereof, while carbamide nutrient is efficiently utilized, can increase the utilization ways of agriculture waste straw, it is possible to
Foster and apply fertilizer improvement soil.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, and a kind of medium carrier type slow release based on straw of the present invention is urinated
Element, including carbamide and medium carrier, described medium carrier includes straw, polyacrylamide and iron salt；By weight, described carbamide
74～97.48 parts, straw 2.5～20 parts, polyacrylamide 0.01～4 parts, iron salt 0.01～2 parts.
One of optimal way as the present invention, described iron salt is in iron sulfate, ferrous sulfate, iron chloride, ferrous chloride
At least one.
One of optimal way as the present invention, described straw is at least one in stem stalk and blade.
One of optimal way as the present invention, at least one in Semen Maydis, Oryza sativa L. and wheat stalk of described straw.
Further, straw is not limited to single variety or single period of duration.
One of optimal way as the present invention, described straw drying pulverization process.
One of optimal way as the present invention, described polyacrylamide gathers selected from PAMC, anion
One in acrylamide, non-ionic polyacrylamide, amphoteric ionic polyacrylamide.
The preparation method of a kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on straw, comprises the following steps:
(1) by crushed stalk, join after then mixing with polyacrylamide and iron salt in the molten slurry of carbamide；
(2) fully, mixed slip prepares the slow-release carbamide of different-grain diameter in stirring.
One of optimal way as the present invention, in described step (1), crosses 100 mesh sieves after crushed stalk.
One of optimal way as the present invention, in described step (1), straw, polyacrylamide and iron salt are sequentially added into
In the molten slurry of carbamide.
One of optimal way as the present invention, in described step (2), the side of the slow-release carbamide of described manufacture different-grain diameter
At least one in high tower, fluid bed or cylinder of method.
It is relatively slow that the present invention compares the slow-release carbamide nutrient speed that existing fertilizer has the advantage that the present invention prepares, and improves
Chemical fertilizer this season plant recovery of nutrient.Slow-release carbamide, warp in this process is prepared after slurry molten with the carbamide mixing of straw, polyacrylamide
Crossing certain physics, chemical process, the crystalline state of carbamide is changed, and its porosity decreases with specific surface area, slows down water
Point-diffusion velocity of nutrient.There is the active force such as hydrogen bond and Van der Waals force in urea molecule and polyacrylamide, straw simultaneously, poly-
Acrylamide has certain cohesive force, and (sub-) iron salt can fetter carbamide further with polyacrylamide cross-linking reaction
With the loss of moisture, both improve utilization rate and the fertilizer efficiency period of nitrogen, also reduced the pollution of area source to water body.
The present invention improves Nitrogen Availability, increases the soil organism, improvement soil of fostering and apply fertilizer.As this kind of slow release fertilizer skeleton
Later stage of slowly discharging at nutrient of straw, can be that soil microorganism provides carbon source, stimulate microbial activity, promote in soil
Inorganic nitrogen, to the conversion of organic nitrogen, promotes Nitrogen Cycling, reduces the volatilization of inorganic nitrogen, leaching loss, improves the effectiveness of nitrogen；
Meanwhile, straw, under microbial action, is gradually degraded to the soil organism such as humic acids, improvement soil of fostering and apply fertilizer.Further, should
After kind of slow release fertilizer is manured into soil, along with the diffusion of soil moisture, Binder Composition by with urea granules near soil glue
Body effect, increases the water holding fertilizer-preserving ability of soil.
The present invention reduces the production cost of slow release fertilizer, increases the Land use systems of crop waste straw, and slows down straw
The problems such as the wasting of resources, environmental pollution and the traffic safety that burning brings.
Slow-release carbamide production method provided by the present invention is easy, only need to increase the powder of straw in former urea production process
Broken sieve apparatus excessively, the conveying of a small amount of material, interpolation and mixing plant, can produce qualified stable slow-release carbamide.
Higher for existing film-coated controlled release fertilizer price, and major part polymer it is poor to soil environment friendly；
Existing carrier type slow-release fertilizer utilizes the materials such as inorganic mineral and the polymer of nonrenewable resources more, is all unfavorable for modern agriculture
The deficiency such as High-efficiency Sustainable development, being compounded by the materials such as straw, polyacrylamide and iron salt of the invention will be, and will
It is applied to the research and development of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide, and result of the test shows that this slow-release carbamide has preferable nutrient slowly-released effect
Really.The present invention can increase the utilization ways of agricultural crop straw simultaneously, largely solves crop material on-site incineration and brings
Biomass energy waste, environmental pollution, transportation risk, land quality decline, the series of problems such as people and animals' life security,
In addition agricultural crop straw can increase soil microbial activities, improves mineral nutrient and the content of organic matter in soil.
It is relatively low that the carrier type slow-release fertilizer based on straw that the present invention develops has production cost, and production technology is simple, slow
Release effect preferable, and have nutrient slowly-released and foster and apply fertilizer advantage and the functions such as improvement soil concurrently, and add crop waste straw
Land use systems, is a kind of new slow release fertilizer with huge applications potentiality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the nutrient of the carrier type slow-release carbamide adding the corn straw of different proportion, polyacrylamide and iron salt tires out
Long-pending release conditions schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the evaluating apparatus of fertilizer slow release performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Elaborating embodiments of the invention below, the present embodiment is carried out under premised on technical solution of the present invention
Implement, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following enforcement
Example.
Embodiment 1
The carrier type slow-release carbamide of the present embodiment, including 94.89 parts of carbamide, corn straw 5 parts, polyacrylamide 0.1 part
With 0.01 part of ferrous sulfate.
The present embodiment preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing maize stalk of precise, polyacrylamide and iron salt addition carbamide is melted in slurry pipeline, Jing Guoguan
Road blender is mixed homogeneously by weight with the carbamide slip after urea melting, prepares mixed slip；
(2) slip mixed enters fluid bed by shower nozzle, completes prilling, produces bulky grain slow-release carbamide.
Embodiment 2
A kind of carrier type slow-release carbamide of the present embodiment, including 89.89 parts of carbamide, corn straw 10 parts, polyacrylamide
0.1 part and 0.01 part of ferrous sulfate.
Other embodiments are same as in Example 1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of carrier type slow-release carbamide of the present embodiment, including 94.4 parts of carbamide, corn straw 5 parts, polyacrylamide 0.1
Part and 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate.
Other embodiments are same as in Example 1.
Embodiment 4
A kind of carrier type slow-release carbamide of the present embodiment, including 93.9 parts of carbamide, corn straw 5 parts, polyacrylamide 0.1
Part and 1 part of ferrous sulfate.
Other embodiments are same as in Example 1.
Embodiment 5
A kind of carrier type slow-release carbamide of the present embodiment, including 94.4 parts of carbamide, corn straw 5 parts, polyacrylamide 0.1
Part and 0.5 part of iron sulfate.
Other embodiments are same as in Example 1.
Embodiment 6
A kind of carrier type slow-release carbamide of the present embodiment, including 88.9 parts of carbamide, corn straw 10 parts, polyacrylamide
0.1 part and 1 part of ferrous sulfate.
Other embodiments are same as in Example 1.
Being represented by the slow-release carbamide B that embodiment 1 prepares, the fertilizer C that embodiment 2 prepares represents, embodiment 3 prepares
Fertilizer D represent, the fertilizer E that embodiment 4 prepares represents, the fertilizer F that embodiment 5 prepares represents, embodiment 6 prepares
Fertilizer G represents.
By dust devil leaching method, obtained slow-release carbamide B～G is carried out with common urea A, according to such as the device of Fig. 2
Assembling complete by various instruments, first 60g quartz sand (40 mesh～60 mesh) is loaded leaching post 1, the fertiliser granulates prepared is placed on it
Upper surface, the 60g quartz sand then reinstalled, after the regulation quartz sand degree of packing, the creep rate 90rpm of regulation peristaltic pump 2,
Making the water in water containing pool 3 pump into leaching post 1 with 50ml/3min speed, 50ml samples once, takes 500ml altogether, uses para diaminobenzene
The method of formaldehyde measures urea content in water sample, characterizes its nutrient slowly-released performance by carbamide accumulation leaching release rate, and its result is shown in
Fig. 1.
Two kinds of slow release fertilizer sustained release performances of B and C show that corn straw is feasible as the medium carrier of slow release fertilizer, and
And increase straw consumption can increase the sustained release performance of fertilizer, but still there is the space of optimization further.
The sustained release performance of tetra-kinds of slow release fertilizers of D, E, F and G shows that appropriate iron salt can increase the sustained release performance of fertilizer, and
The form of iron salt and quantity can affect its sustained release performance.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all essences in the present invention
Any amendment, equivalent and the improvement etc. made within god and principle, should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on straw, it is characterised in that include carbamide and medium carrier, described substrate
Carrier includes straw, polyacrylamide and iron salt；By weight, described carbamide 74～97.48 parts, straw 2.5～20 parts, poly-third
Acrylamide 0.01～4 parts, iron salt 0.01～2 parts.
A kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on straw the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described iron salt
For at least one in iron sulfate, ferrous sulfate, iron chloride, ferrous chloride.
A kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on straw the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described straw
For at least one in stem stalk and blade.
A kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on straw the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described straw
At least one in Semen Maydis, Oryza sativa L. and wheat stalk.
A kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on straw the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described straw
Drying pulverization process.
A kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on straw the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described poly-third
Acrylamide is selected from PAMC, PAMA, non-ionic polyacrylamide, amphoteric ion type poly-third
One in acrylamide.
7. a preparation method for the medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on straw as described in any one of claim 1～6, its
It is characterised by, comprises the following steps:
(1) by crushed stalk, join after then mixing with polyacrylamide and iron salt in the molten slurry of carbamide；
(2) fully, mixed slip prepares the slow-release carbamide of different-grain diameter in stirring.
The preparation method of a kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on straw the most according to claim 7, its feature exists
In, in described step (1), after crushed stalk, cross 100 mesh sieves.
The preparation method of a kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on straw the most according to claim 7, its feature exists
In, in described step (1), straw, polyacrylamide and iron salt are added sequentially in the molten slurry of carbamide.
The preparation method of a kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on straw the most according to claim 7, its feature exists
In, in described step (2), the method for the slow-release carbamide of described manufacture different-grain diameter is selected from high tower, fluid bed or cylinder extremely
Few one.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108913155A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-11-30 | 湖北茂盛生物有限公司 | A kind of microbial bacterial agent and preparation method thereof with soil remediation function |
| CN111187116A (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2020-05-22 | 中国标准化研究院 | Preparation and application of straw sustained-release agent |
| CN111317059A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-06-23 | 北京九州大地生物技术集团股份有限公司 | Lactating ewe feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN112772322A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-05-11 | 陈志阳 | Method for improving rice yield and application thereof |
| CN113511941A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-19 | 东华大学 | Preparation method of straw-based reduced-application synergistic slow-release urea |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102898234A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2013-01-30 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Slow release urea and preparation method thereof |
| CN102964185A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-03-13 | 大连创达技术交易市场有限公司 | Soil fertilizer retention agent |
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2016
- 2016-06-20 CN CN201610455152.XA patent/CN106083372B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102898234A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2013-01-30 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Slow release urea and preparation method thereof |
| CN102964185A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-03-13 | 大连创达技术交易市场有限公司 | Soil fertilizer retention agent |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108913155A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-11-30 | 湖北茂盛生物有限公司 | A kind of microbial bacterial agent and preparation method thereof with soil remediation function |
| CN111187116A (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2020-05-22 | 中国标准化研究院 | Preparation and application of straw sustained-release agent |
| CN111317059A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-06-23 | 北京九州大地生物技术集团股份有限公司 | Lactating ewe feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN112772322A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-05-11 | 陈志阳 | Method for improving rice yield and application thereof |
| CN113511941A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-19 | 东华大学 | Preparation method of straw-based reduced-application synergistic slow-release urea |
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| CN106083372B (en) | 2019-10-11 |
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