CN106083372B - A kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide and preparation method thereof based on stalk - Google Patents
A kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide and preparation method thereof based on stalk Download PDFInfo
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- CN106083372B CN106083372B CN201610455152.XA CN201610455152A CN106083372B CN 106083372 B CN106083372 B CN 106083372B CN 201610455152 A CN201610455152 A CN 201610455152A CN 106083372 B CN106083372 B CN 106083372B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide and preparation method thereof based on stalk, including 74~97.48 parts of urea, 2.5~20 parts of stalk, 0.01~4 part of polyacrylamide, 0.01~2 part of molysite.Stalk is crushed, is then added in urea molten slurry by several times or after mixing with polyacrylamide, molysite；Sufficiently, the slow-release carbamide of different-grain diameter is made in mixed slurry for stirring.The medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on stalk that the present invention develops is applied to farmland, reduces volatilization, the leaching loss of nitrogen, improves nitrogen utilization efficiency, carbon source can be provided for edaphon, stimulate microbial activity, improve the validity of nitrogen, increase the soil organism, improves soil texture.Solve the problems such as chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is low, crop material burning brings shortcomings and straw utilization difficulty big.The simple production process of straw base carrier type slow-release urea, cost is relatively low.The medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on stalk that the present invention develops has boundless application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of slow-release carbamide more particularly to a kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on stalk and
Preparation method.
Background technique
Chemical fertilizer is important capital goods in the agricultural sector, is grain " grain ".Since reform and opening-up, the agricultural in China is obtained
Fast development, China is to account for the population that the world 22% has been supported in arable land of the world less than 10%, but due to having a large population in a small area, grain
Safety problem is still the key problem of China's agricultural.From 1978 to 2014 year, China's grain yield increases from 3.05 hundred million tons
To 6.02 hundred million tons, increase more than 1 times, and the dosage (scale) of inorganic fertilizer is from increasing to nearly 60,000,000 tons less than 10,000,000 tons,
It increases more than 5 times, but the farming area of cereal crops is reduced to 1.12 hundred million hectares by 1.21 hundred million hectares, shows China's increases in grain production
Mainly by the grain yield of raising unit area come what is realized, wherein inorganic fertilizer plays the role of vital.But nothing
The excessive and unreasonable application of machine chemical fertilizer reduces the plant recovery of nutrient of fertilizer, brings many disastrous effects, for example, mass energy and
The waste of resource, potential environmental risk, quality of agricultural product declines and the degeneration of soil quality, to environment and sustainable development band
Increasingly detrimental effect is carried out, and serious threat thus is constituted to the existence of the mankind and health.In addition to nutrition efficient type
Outside the screening of crop, the innovation of agronomic measures and the efficient fertilizer practice of research, exploitation is suitable for the slow controlled release of large cereal crops
Fertilizer variety makes fertilizer nutrient be absorbed by crops and utilize as much as possible, is to improve its plant recovery of nutrient, realizes Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied
Synergy develops one of the important means of modern agriculture and the Implement of sustainable development strategy.
Sustained-controll-release fertiliser have improve plant recovery of nutrient, reduce environment-stress, improve crops quality and save fertilising at
This many advantages, such as.Matrix fertilizer (Matrix-based fertilizer) is that fertilizer nutrient is uniformly dispersing or is adsorbed in
In certain functional material, fertilizer nutrient releases the desorption of nutrient, the corrosion of functional material or degradation with functional material
It releases, there is certain nutrient slowly-released effect.Compared with film-coated controlled release fertilizer, medium carrier type slow release fertilizer has at low cost
The advantages such as honest and clean, simple process, are suitble to the requirement of Production of Large Fields, therefore have a vast market foreground.Currently, about matrix fertilizer
Laboratory research it is more, scale product is less, and existing main problem has: (1) nutrient for the medium carrier selected is negative
Carrying capacity is low, such as the substances such as hydrogel, and the application weight of hydrogel carrier fertilizer is larger under equal nutrient content, transport application cost compared with
Height, and its chronic administration is possible to destroy soil physics structure, is unfavorable for large-scale application；(2) medium carrier selected is
Long-term a large amount of applications of nonrenewable resources, such as vermiculite, zeolite, bentonite and montmorillonite etc., inorganic mineral may be to soil
The original physical structure of earth damages, and they are not suitable for the sustainable development of modern agriculture as nonrenewable resources；
(3) the source relative narrowness for the medium carrier selected, such as ceramic industry waste residue, seaweed glue industrial residue, cellulose, lignin
Its large-scale application on large cereal crops is limited with substances such as starch.Therefore, have it is from a wealth of sources, cheap,
Greatly and to soil environment without destructiveness, the matrix carrier material more particularly to the features such as improveing soil of increasing fertilizer has nutrient load capacity
Broad application prospect.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of, and the medium carrier type based on stalk is sustained
Urea and preparation method thereof while urea nutrient is efficiently utilized, can increase the utilization ways of agriculture waste stalk, and can be with
Fertilizing improvement soil.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, and a kind of medium carrier type based on stalk of the present invention is sustained urine
Element, including urea and medium carrier, the medium carrier include stalk, polyacrylamide and molysite；By weight, the urea
74~97.48 parts, 2.5~20 parts of stalk, 0.01~4 part of polyacrylamide, 0.01~2 part of molysite.
As one of preferred embodiment of the invention, the molysite is ferric sulfate, in ferrous sulfate, iron chloride, frerrous chloride
At least one.
As one of preferred embodiment of the invention, the stalk is at least one of stalk and blade.
As one of preferred embodiment of the invention, the stalk is selected from least one of corn, rice and wheat stalk.
Also, stalk is not limited to single variety or single breeding time.
As one of preferred embodiment of the invention, the stalk drying pulverization process.
As one of preferred embodiment of the invention, it is poly- that the polyacrylamide is selected from cationic polyacrylamide, anion
One of acrylamide, non-ionic polyacrylamide, amphoteric ionic polyacrylamide.
A kind of preparation method of the medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on stalk, comprising the following steps:
(1) stalk is crushed, is added to after then being mixed with polyacrylamide and molysite in urea molten slurry；
(2) sufficiently, the slow-release carbamide of different-grain diameter is made in mixed slurry for stirring.
As one of preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (1), stalk sieves with 100 mesh sieve after crushing.
As one of preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (1), stalk, polyacrylamide and molysite are sequentially added
Into urea molten slurry.
As one of preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (2), the side of the slow-release carbamide of the manufacture different-grain diameter
Method is selected from least one of high tower, fluidized bed or roller.
The present invention has the advantage that slow-release carbamide nutrient rate produced by the present invention is slower compared to existing fertilizer, improves
Chemical fertilizer this season plant recovery of nutrient.Slow-release carbamide is made after mixing in stalk, polyacrylamide and urea molten slurry, passes through in this process
Certain physics, chemical process are crossed, the crystalline state of urea is changed, and porosity decreases with specific surface area, slows down water
Point-diffusion velocity of nutrient.Urea molecule and polyacrylamide, stalk the effects of there are hydrogen bond and Van der Waals forces power simultaneously, gathers
Acrylamide has certain cohesive force, and (Asia) molysite can further fetter urea with polyacrylamide cross-linking reaction
With the loss of moisture, the utilization rate and fertilizer efficiency period of nitrogen were both improved, the pollution of area source to water body is also reduced.
The present invention improves Nitrogen Availability, increases the soil organism, fertilizing improvement soil.As this kind of slow release fertilizer skeleton
Stalk in the later period of nutrient slow release, carbon source can be provided for edaphon, stimulate microbial activity, promoted in soil
Conversion of the inorganic nitrogen to organic nitrogen promotes Nitrogen Cycling, reduces volatilization, the leaching loss of inorganic nitrogen, improve the validity of nitrogen；
Meanwhile stalk is gradually degraded to the soil organism such as humic acids, fertilizing improvement soil under microbial action.Also, it should
After kind of slow release fertilizer is manured into soil, with the diffusion of soil moisture, Binder Composition by with the soil glue near urea granules
Body effect, increases the water holding fertilizer-preserving ability of soil.
The present invention reduces the production cost of slow release fertilizer, increases the Land use systems of crop waste stalk, and slows down stalk
The problems such as burning the bring wasting of resources, environmental pollution and traffic safety.
Slow-release carbamide production method provided by the present invention is easy, need to only increase the powder of stalk in former urea production process
It is broken to cross sieve apparatus, a small amount of material conveying, addition and mixing plant, qualified stable slow-release carbamide can be produced.
It is higher for existing film-coated controlled release fertilizer price, and it is poor to soil environment friendly for most of polymer；
Existing carrier type slow-release fertilizer utilizes the materials such as inorganic mineral and the polymer of nonrenewable resources more, is unfavorable for modern agriculture
High-efficiency Sustainableization development the deficiencies of, the invention by the materials such as stalk, polyacrylamide and molysite compound, and will
Its research and development for being applied to medium carrier type slow-release carbamide, test result show that the slow-release carbamide has preferable nutrient slowly-released effect
Fruit.The present invention can increase the utilization ways of agricultural crop straw simultaneously, largely solve crop material on-site incineration and bring
Biomass energy waste, environmental pollution, communications and transportation risk, land quality decline, people and animals' life security a series of problems, such as,
In addition agricultural crop straw can increase soil microbial activities, improve mineral nutrient and the content of organic matter in soil.
The carrier type slow-release fertilizer based on stalk that the present invention develops has lower production costs, and simple production process is delayed
The advantages that it is preferable to release effect, and has both nutrient slowly-released and fertilizing improvement soil and function, and increase crop waste stalk
Land use systems are a kind of new slow release fertilizers with huge applications potentiality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the nutrient of the carrier type slow-release urea of the corn stover for adding different proportion, polyacrylamide and molysite is tired
Product release conditions schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the evaluating apparatus of fertilizer slow release performance.
Specific embodiment
It elaborates below to the embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment carries out under the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention
Implement, the detailed implementation method and specific operation process are given, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following implementation
Example.
Embodiment 1
The carrier type slow-release urea of the present embodiment, including 94.89 parts of urea, 5 parts of corn stover, 0.1 part of polyacrylamide
With 0.01 part of ferrous sulfate.
The present embodiment preparation method the following steps are included:
(1) crushing maize stalk of precise, polyacrylamide and molysite addition urea are melted in slurry pipeline, by pipe
Road mixer is uniformly mixed by weight with the urea slurry after urea melting, and mixed slurry is made；
(2) slurry mixed enters fluidized bed by spray head, completes prilling, produces bulky grain slow-release carbamide.
Embodiment 2
A kind of carrier type slow-release urea of the present embodiment, including 89.89 parts of urea, 10 parts of corn stover, polyacrylamide
0.1 part and 0.01 part of ferrous sulfate.
Other embodiments are same as Example 1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of carrier type slow-release urea of the present embodiment, including 94.4 parts of urea, 5 parts of corn stover, polyacrylamide 0.1
Part and 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate.
Other embodiments are same as Example 1.
Embodiment 4
A kind of carrier type slow-release urea of the present embodiment, including 93.9 parts of urea, 5 parts of corn stover, polyacrylamide 0.1
Part and 1 part of ferrous sulfate.
Other embodiments are same as Example 1.
Embodiment 5
A kind of carrier type slow-release urea of the present embodiment, including 94.4 parts of urea, 5 parts of corn stover, polyacrylamide 0.1
Part and 0.5 part of ferric sulfate.
Other embodiments are same as Example 1.
Embodiment 6
A kind of carrier type slow-release urea of the present embodiment, including 88.9 parts of urea, 10 parts of corn stover, polyacrylamide
0.1 part and 1 part of ferrous sulfate.
Other embodiments same as Example 1
Slow-release carbamide made from embodiment 1 is indicated with B, fertilizer made from embodiment 2 is indicated with C, and embodiment 3 is made
Fertilizer indicate that fertilizer made from embodiment 4 is indicated with E with D, fertilizer made from embodiment 5 is indicated with F, made from embodiment 6
Fertilizer is indicated with G.
Obtained slow-release carbamide B~G and common urea A are carried out by dust devil leaching method, according to the device of such as Fig. 2
The assembling of various instruments is finished, 60g quartz sand (40 mesh~60 mesh) are first packed into leaching column 1, fertiliser granulates obtained are placed on it
Upper surface, the 60g quartz sand being then reloaded into after adjusting the quartz sand degree of packing, adjust the creep rate 90rpm of peristaltic pump 2,
The water in water containing pool 3 is set to be pumped into leaching column 1 with 50ml/3min speed, 50ml sampling is primary, takes 500ml altogether, uses para diaminobenzene
Urea content in the method measurement water sample of formaldehyde characterizes its nutrient slowly-released performance by urea accumulation leaching release rate, the result is shown in
Fig. 1.
It is feasible that two kinds of slow release fertilizer sustained release performances of B and C, which show corn stover as the medium carrier of slow release fertilizer, and
And increase stalk dosage can increase the sustained release performance of fertilizer, but still have the space advanced optimized.
D, the sustained release performance of tetra- kinds of slow release fertilizers of E, F and G shows that appropriate molysite can increase the sustained release performance of fertilizer, and
The form and quantity of molysite will affect its sustained release performance.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on stalk, which is characterized in that including urea and medium carrier, the matrix
Carrier includes stalk, polyacrylamide and molysite；The molysite be ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, iron chloride, in frerrous chloride extremely
Few one kind；By weight, 74~97.48 parts of the urea, 2.5~20 parts of corn stover, 0.01~4 part of polyacrylamide, iron
0.01~2 part of salt；Preparation method are as follows: (1) by corn straw smashing, be added to after then being mixed with polyacrylamide and molysite
In urea molten slurry；(2) sufficiently, the slow-release carbamide of different-grain diameter is made in mixed slurry for stirring.
2. a kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on stalk according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the stalk
Choosing position is at least one of stalk and blade.
3. a kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on stalk according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the stalk
Drying pulverization process.
4. a kind of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on stalk according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described poly- third
Acrylamide is selected from cationic polyacrylamide, anionic polyacrylamide, non-ionic polyacrylamide, amphoteric ion type poly- third
One of acrylamide.
5. a kind of preparation method of such as described in any item medium carrier type slow-release carbamides based on stalk of Claims 1 to 4,
It is characterized in that, comprising the following steps:
(1) stalk is crushed, is added to after then being mixed with polyacrylamide and molysite in urea molten slurry；
(2) sufficiently, the slow-release carbamide of different-grain diameter is made in mixed slurry for stirring.
6. a kind of preparation method of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on stalk according to claim 5, feature exist
In in the step (1), stalk sieves with 100 mesh sieve after crushing.
7. a kind of preparation method of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on stalk according to claim 5, feature exist
In in the step (1), stalk, polyacrylamide and molysite are added sequentially in urea molten slurry.
8. a kind of preparation method of medium carrier type slow-release carbamide based on stalk according to claim 5, feature exist
In, in the step (2), it is described manufacture different-grain diameter slow-release carbamide method in high tower, fluidized bed or roller extremely
Few one kind.
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| CN108913155A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-11-30 | 湖北茂盛生物有限公司 | A kind of microbial bacterial agent and preparation method thereof with soil remediation function |
| CN111187116A (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2020-05-22 | 中国标准化研究院 | Preparation and application of straw sustained-release agent |
| CN111317059A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-06-23 | 北京九州大地生物技术集团股份有限公司 | Lactating ewe feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN112772322A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-05-11 | 陈志阳 | Method for improving rice yield and application thereof |
| CN113511941A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-19 | 东华大学 | Preparation method of straw-based reduced-application synergistic slow-release urea |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102898234A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2013-01-30 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Slow release urea and preparation method thereof |
| CN102964185A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-03-13 | 大连创达技术交易市场有限公司 | Soil fertilizer retention agent |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102898234A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2013-01-30 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Slow release urea and preparation method thereof |
| CN102964185A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-03-13 | 大连创达技术交易市场有限公司 | Soil fertilizer retention agent |
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