CN103172442B - Functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15-20 parts of urea, 35-40 parts of potassium chloride, 30-40 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2-3 parts of humic acid, 1-2 parts of bentonite, 0.2-0.4 part of sepiolite powder, 1-2 parts of shrimp shell meal, 0.1-0.2 part of nano carbon powder, 0.1-0.2 part of boric acid, 0.1-0.3 part of ammonium molybdate and 1-2 parts of binding agent. The functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer is a complete fertilizer with control flexibility, absorbs the advantages of the compound fertilizer and the traditional BB fertilizer, and meanwhile, overcomes the disadvantages of both the compound fertilizer and the traditional BB fertilizer; the functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer achieves the soil testing and formulated fertilization effect, and is uniform in addition of secondary and trace elements, even in granule, not stratified and not deliquescent, convenient for application, labor-saving, controllable in slow release (30-150 days), strong in pertinency (special fertilizer for wheat, rice and other crops) of fertilizer application, relaxed in limitation on the storage and transportation conditions and increased in service radius (the service radius is increased by ten times than the traditional service radius (50 kg), and reaches 500km).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to a kind of granular fertilizer, particularly relates to a kind of Functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
China's land area is wide, populous, is a large agricultural country and a populous nation, simultaneously or a fertilizer consumption big country.With in the world 1/10 soil supported the population of 1/5,1/3rd of the fertilizer selling Liang Zhan world.Food Security is one of basic strategic issue of country, and the effect of chemical fertilizer in increasing crop yield accounts for 30-60%, therefore can say to a certain extent, and food problem is exactly chemical fertilizer problem.In chemical fertilizer application, outstanding problem is that utilization rate of fertilizer is low.Wu Zhijie points out, the fertile grain ratio of China (the grain amount that unit fertilizer increases) is by dropping to present 2.4 16.1 of the fifties in last century.Total Nitrogen rate of loss is 30% one 50%, every year by the approach such as leaching, volatilization loss chemical nitrogen about 9,000,000 t, is worth about 40,000,000,000 yuan, and causes serious environmental pollution.Conventional chemical fertilizers this season utilization ratio is low, and being one of restriction agricultural production potential principal element being converted into actual productivity, is also the important factor affecting grain security and environmental safety.
Following Fertilizer Market structure will be inclined to the development of Bulk Blending Fertilizer aspect, and Bulk Blending Fertilizer will develop to slow/controlled release.The price of external Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers is generally the 3-9 of common fertilizer doubly (Posey T, 1994), and the price of China's slow release fertilizer is generally higher than common fertilizer 10% one 15%, and the Cost Problems solving slow-release or control-release fertilizer will be the focus of future studies.What the use of controlled availability fertilizer mechanism was maximum is physical mechanism, and what mainly adopt is coating method (Du Jianjun etc., 2002) and absorption method (non-packet embrane method) (Wu Pingxiao etc., 2001).Absorption method also can realize controlled release, and this method is simply effective, and have a extensive future (Han Xiao etc., 2006), and this method relies on the effect of caking agent to a great extent; And binding agent is the key factor that impact is produced, therefore be necessary to study tackiness agent, in order to avoid coating agent and sorbent material produce environmental risk to edatope.Although select the space of the coating agent of environmental protection and sorbent material larger, but due to cost pressure, if it is improper that synthetic inorganic adhesive and organic binder bond are selected, a large amount of uses of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer certainly will bring unknown Pollution risk to soil, water body and air, implement Clean Development very urgent.
In the long run; fertilization compositions based on earth measurement; compound, blending synergy are increasing peasant income, guarantee produce quantity safely, guarantee agricultural-food amount safety, Farmland Productivity improve and Sustainable development, preserve the ecological environment and alleviate resource pressure, ensure people's lives safety and ensure rural area and entire society harmony exhibition needs.
Use feature according to China's farmland fertilizer, in conjunction with China's fertilization compositions based on earth measurement experience, Developed Countries fertilising modern technique, greatly developing BB fertilizer (Bulk Blending Fertilizer, as follows) new-type fertilizer is the road (Gao Xiangzhao, 2005) that of applicable China's national situation is good.According to world fertilizer TIA statistics, U.S.'s BB fertilizer in 1997 accounts for 80% of solid bulk blended fertilizer; Brazil's BB fertilizer in 1986 accounts for more than 60% of the total amount of application of fertilizer; The BB fertilizer of Japan then accounts for about 80% of total fertilization amount.The maximum feature of the fertile industry development of external BB is applying of BB fertilizer and surveys soil formula and combine closely, and the fertile supply and marketing system of BB provides high-caliber Agro-chemistry service for peasant household, and thus industry development is rapid.The fertile factory of the BB of the U.S. reaches 8000, and scope of the enterprise is moderate, fertile device capbility 4000 about the t of single cover BB, and service radius is about 50km, product by peasant household's demand with joining (Jin Jiyuan, 2005).
The starting of China BB fertile industry is late, be in elementary developmental stage, but development is very fast.Bulk Blending Fertilizer industry originates in the 1950's, starts the end of the eighties to produce bulk blended fertilizer (BB is fertile) (Wang Xingren, 2005).It is introduced from Canada before 25 years that the fertile mixing device of BB overlaps in China the 1st, and the fertile manufacturer of BB has developed into nearly 500 till now.The current situation of China's Bulk Blending Fertilizer may be summarized to be: amount of application and the compound fertilizer share of Bulk Blending Fertilizer improve constantly; But the Composite degree of fertilizer is compared with developed countries lower, and the ratio that Bulk Blending Fertilizer accounts for Bulk Blending Fertilizer is lower.
Since nineteen eighty, China's Bulk Blending Fertilizer amount of application adds nearly 50 times, and compound rate adds 29 percentage points, but Composite degree is still quite low, and the mean level (ML) in the current world is 50%, and developed country is up to more than 80% (Wang Jiaming, 2004).China's chemical fertilizer compound rate in 2002 only has 24%, and wherein phosphate fertilizer Composite degree is the highest, also only reaches 33%.There are more than 2240 families in the enterprise that the current whole nation has obtained Bulk Blending Fertilizer production licence, and actual annual production reaches more than 600 ten thousand t, but the ratio that BB fertilizer accounts for nitrogenous-phosphatic manure total amount only has about 10% (Li Tao, 2009).
Have following several with regard to its reason:
1., because the fertile manufacturing technology content of traditional B B is not high, survey earth culture fertilizer technology and require high, enterprises service radius is little, and science and technology strength requires high.The Duo Shu medium and small sized enterprises of BB fertile producer that China is current, many large chemical fertilizer enterprises focus mostly in the manufacture of Bulk Blending Fertilizer, seldom get involved the business operation of BB fertilizer.
2. the utilization rate of active components of fertilizer is not high.Because the basic material fertilizer of BB fertilizer mostly is traditional azophoska, such as urea, phosphorus ammonium, Repone K, potassium sulfate etc., thus also also exist the low defect of utilization rate of active components.
3. the physical properties difference of basic material fertilizer is large, poor compatibility, and product is easily emanated layering and moisture absorption caking, causes the uneven of particle nutrient, seriously governs the market competitiveness of BB fertilizer.This is mainly because the grain diameter of basic material fertilizer, particle shape, density, apparent density, uniformity coefficient, roundness degree are inconsistent, and particularly potassium fertilizer particle out-of-shape, larger than urea granules density, particle diameter is less again, be easy to layering of emanating, especially transport for long-distance, problem is more outstanding.
4. Agro-chemistry service is weaker.National agricultural technology popularization department, circulation enterprise does not also organically combine with fertiliser production.Only carry out the omnibearing service of applying fertilizers scientifically, that could open rapidly BB fertilizer applies situation.In this respect, many fertilizer producers, Streamline Service is not in place, have impact on popularizing of BB fertilizer.
The fertile enterprises service radius of 5.BB is excessive.According to incompletely statistics, the single covering device production capacity of the fertile factory of China BB is general all more than ten thousand tons, produce per year 50,000 more than t at least more than 50 covers, produce 25 covers of 100,000 more than t per year, also have minority up to the enterprise of 300,000 more than t.Because industrial scale is excessive, service of goods radius is also just very large, has both added product cost of marketing, more due to long-distance transportation and product is idle treats that the storehouse time is long, causes the moisture absorption of BB fertilizer product to lump, layering of emanating, and causes nutrient to be separated, has a strong impact on fertilizer efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is just to provide a kind of Functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of Functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer, it is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:
Ammonium sulfate 10-15, urea 15-20, Repone K 35-40, monoammonium phosphate 30-40, humic acids 2-3, wilkinite 1-2, sepiolite powder 0.2-0.4, shrimp shell meal 1-2, nano-carbon powder 0.1-0.2, boric acid 0.1-0.2, ammonium molybdate 0.1-0.3, binding agent 1-2;
Described binding agent is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:
Polished rice starch 30-40, yeast rich in selenium 4-6, maltose 4-6, water 50-60, Sodium Selenite 0.001-0.004, potassium hydroxide 2-3, borax 0.2-0.4, tributyl phosphate 0.1-0.2.
The preparation method of described binding agent, comprises the following steps:
(1) fermentation culture: by the polished rice starch of above-mentioned weight part, yeast rich in selenium, maltose, water mixing, cultivate 23-25 hour at temperature is 28-31 DEG C after, the Sodium Selenite of above-mentioned weight part is divided into 4-5 part, added a Sodium Selenite every 2-3 hour, total incubation time is 45-50 hour;
(2) crosslinking reaction: after fermentation culture terminates, adds potassium hydroxide and the borax of above-mentioned weight part in batch mixing obtained above, stirring reaction 1-1.5 hour at temperature is 30-35 DEG C, and stirring velocity is 2 beats/min;
(3) after above-mentioned crosslinking reaction terminates, add the tributyl phosphate of above-mentioned weight part, mix and blend, obtain work in-process;
(4) work in-process obtained above be dry, pulverize at 80-90 DEG C, obtain described binding agent;
In fermentation culture process described in step (1), add the Repone K pulvis of starch weight 9-12% as fermentation terminator, fully after mixing, fermentation ends.
A preparation method for Functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
By above-mentioned each raw material mixing except binding agent and wilkinite, add the distiller's dried grain of compound weight 3-5%, the cane sugar powder of 1-2%, 45-50 hour is stacked at temperature is 25-35 DEG C, add each raw material of residue again, granulation at 50-60 DEG C after stirring, then dry, drying temperature is 65-75 DEG C, obtains described Functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer.
A kind of Functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer, fertiliser granulates particle diameter (mm) of the present invention is 2-4.5,100-grain weight (g) is 2-3.5, ultimate compression strength (N) 30-45.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1. fertilizer variety innovation: Functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer controls full price fertilizer flexibly, that drawn composite fertilizer with strong point that is traditional B B fertilizer, overcome the drawback that both are respective simultaneously.Have and utilize fertilization compositions based on earth measurement achievement, Medium-microelements adds evenly, uniform particles, not stratified, not deliquescence, uses conveniently, labour supervision, slowly-releasing controlled (30-150 days), fertilizer purposes (Special Fertilizers for Various Crops such as paddy rice, wheat) with strong points, accumulating condition is relaxed, and service radius increases 10 times than traditional 50km, reaches 500km.
2. production technology innovation: granular fertilizer fertilizer diameter (mm) is 2-4.5,100-grain weight (g/) is 2-3.5, ultimate compression strength (N) 30-45, and its physicals is identical with large-granule coating urea.Solve the difficult problems such as fertilizer agglomeration, deliquescence, leaching loss.
3. application technique innovation: project is on the basis of carrying out edaphophyte Physiology and biochemistry and ecotope research, summarize the Functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer fertilizer practice meeting modern agricultural production, set up the field management specification that a set of corresponding plants of taking as the leading factor with farmland fertilization are planted, reach fertilizer machinery level high, labor cost saves level.Mu saves fertilising cost 8 ~ 12 yuan.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of Functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer, it is made up of the raw material of following weight parts (kilogram):
Ammonium sulfate 15, urea 20, Repone K 40, monoammonium phosphate 40, humic acids 3, wilkinite 2, sepiolite powder 0.4, shrimp shell meal 2, nano-carbon powder 0.2, boric acid 0.2, ammonium molybdate 0.3, binding agent 2;
Described binding agent is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:
Polished rice starch 40, yeast rich in selenium 6, maltose 6, water 60, Sodium Selenite 0.004, potassium hydroxide 3, borax 0.4, tributyl phosphate 0.2.
The preparation method of described binding agent, comprises the following steps:
(1) fermentation culture: by the polished rice starch of above-mentioned weight part, yeast rich in selenium, maltose, water mixing, cultivate at temperature is 31 DEG C after 25 hours, the Sodium Selenite of above-mentioned weight part is divided into 5 parts, added a Sodium Selenite every 3 hours, total incubation time is 50 hours;
(2) crosslinking reaction: after fermentation culture terminates, adds potassium hydroxide and the borax of above-mentioned weight part in batch mixing obtained above, stirring reaction 1.5 hours at temperature is 35 DEG C, and stirring velocity is 2 beats/min;
(3) after above-mentioned crosslinking reaction terminates, add the tributyl phosphate of above-mentioned weight part, mix and blend, obtain work in-process;
(4) work in-process obtained above be dry, pulverize at 90 DEG C, obtain described binding agent;
In fermentation culture process described in step (1), add the Repone K pulvis of starch weight 12% as fermentation terminator, fully after mixing, fermentation ends.
A preparation method for Functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
By above-mentioned each raw material mixing except binding agent and wilkinite, add the distiller's dried grain of compound weight 5%, the cane sugar powder of 2%, stack 50 hours at temperature is 35 DEG C, add each raw material of residue again, granulation at 60 DEG C after stirring, then dry, drying temperature is 75 DEG C, obtains described Functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer.
A kind of Functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer, fertiliser granulates particle diameter (mm) of the present invention is 4.5,100-grain weight (g) is 3.5, ultimate compression strength (N) 45.
During the research of this project, produce the granular fertilizer of two kinds of content of N P and K total nutrient content 44.8%, 48.9%, be processed into 45% successively, the synergy BB of 48% two kind of nutrient content is fertile, these synergy BB fertilizer has carried out the Demonstration And Extension of continuous 3 years, 2007-2008 in the Chizhou City in Anhui, Congyang, Wan He farm, general Ji Xu farm and the ground such as the Pengze in Jiangxi, the yellow plum in Hubei adds up to promote fertile 10.5 ten thousand tons of synergy BB, wherein granular fertilizer applies 8.4 ten thousand tons; In Guichi District, general Ji Xu farm, three illustrated main districts, Qingyang County promote fertile 3.35 ten thousand tons of synergy BB, and wherein granular fertilizer 2.68 ten thousand tons, uses area 188.7 ten thousand mu, accumulatively increases income 30970.9 ten thousand yuan, following table, enterprise self synergy 1,620,000 yuan.
2007-2008 granular fertilizer is illustrated main district Popularizing of A situation (deriving from application units to prove)
The similar area of Area Along Yangtze River in Anhui Province and other provinces and cities all implements Ministry of Agriculture's fertilization compositions based on earth measurement subsidy capital items, for granular fertilizer application provides reliable technical support, has also expanded its market space.Calculate by annual output 40000 tons of granular fertilizers, synergy BB fertile 50,000 tons (wherein 2.5 ten thousand tons, paddy rice, rape 1.2 ten thousand tons, 1.25 ten thousand tons, cotton, vegetables etc. 0.05 ten thousand ton) can be processed year calculate, paddy rice, rape, cotton, vegetables are tested the effect of increasing income by each demonstration area and calculate, then measurable Chizhou City and periphery get agricultural profit 49,075 ten thousand yuans.
2, ecological benefits
By the development of novel particle fertilizer and applying agriculturally, both improved crop yield, and promoted crop quality, thoroughly can reverse soil nutrient situation unable to make ends meet again, maintain the nutrient balance of farmland ecosystem, strengthened the stability of farmland ecosystem.Simultaneously, promoted by novel particle fertilizer year after year, wilkinite, humic acids content in agricultural land soil also increases thereupon, soil is inhaled fertile fertilizer-preserving ability and will be strengthened gradually, the loss of chemical fertilizer will progressively be curbed, thus will significantly alleviate the pollution of area source of chemical fertilizer, particularly can alleviate because of a large amount of environmental stress using nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer to bring; The use of wilkinite, humic acids, also can make that obstruction factor in soil will constantly be repaired, Soil structure and physicochemical character will constantly be improved, soil buffer performance will strengthen gradually, soil productivity and detergency can be made to be significantly improved from face, be beneficial to the edible safety that farm crop continue volume increase and agricultural-food, promote agricultural sustainable development.
3, social benefit
By the development of granular fertilizer with apply, realize the close combination of chemical fertilizers production enterprise and agricultural sector, the capacity for technological innovation of favourable enhancing enterprise and influence power, the radial force of product.The achievement of project research can be fertilizer producer provides a kind of brand-new functional nutrient to fill a prescription completely, optimizes the structure of raw materials for production and application product further, enhances the market competitiveness of application product and synergy BB fertilizer; Also deepen the technical connotation of BB fertilizer simultaneously, expand the development space of the fertile industry of BB.The industrialization development of project achievement in research and application strengthen the contact between scientific research-production-technology popularization-fertilizer sales, define four directions to make a concerted effort, accelerate conversion and the application of scientific and technological achievement, impel enterprise by traditional BB fertilizer product to synergy BB fertilizer produce transformation and upgrading.Take granular fertilizer as the synergy BB fertilizer of main raw material be carrier, new technology is applied by the form of technology materialization, be easier to be accepted by peasant, improve the rural market adaptability of new technology, effectively promote the application of synergy BB fertilizer and relevant new technology thereof, make agricultural technology extension work more have actual effect, expand the corporate social impact of Anhui new rural village ecological fertilizer company, promote that Peasants in Scientific farming level improves constantly, for the Sustainable development of agricultural is filled with new vitality.
Claims (2)
1. a preparation method for Functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer, is characterized in that, this granular fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:
Ammonium sulfate 10-15, urea 15-20, Repone K 35-40, monoammonium phosphate 30-40, humic acids 2-3, wilkinite 1-2, sepiolite powder 0.2-0.4, shrimp shell meal 1-2, nano-carbon powder 0.1-0.2, boric acid 0.1-0.2, ammonium molybdate 0.1-0.3, binding agent 1-2;
Described binding agent is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:
Polished rice starch 30-40, yeast rich in selenium 4-6, maltose 4-6, water 50-60, Sodium Selenite 0.001-0.004, potassium hydroxide 2-3, borax 0.2-0.4, tributyl phosphate 0.1-0.2;
The preparation method of described binding agent, comprises the following steps:
(1) fermentation culture: by the polished rice starch of above-mentioned weight part, yeast rich in selenium, maltose, water mixing, cultivate 23-25 hour at temperature is 28-31 DEG C after, the Sodium Selenite of above-mentioned weight part is divided into 4-5 part, added a Sodium Selenite every 2-3 hour, total incubation time is 45-50 hour;
(2) crosslinking reaction: after fermentation culture terminates, adds potassium hydroxide and the borax of above-mentioned weight part in batch mixing obtained above, stirring reaction 1-1.5 hour at temperature is 30-35 DEG C, and stirring velocity is 2 beats/min;
(3) after above-mentioned crosslinking reaction terminates, add the tributyl phosphate of above-mentioned weight part, mix and blend, obtain work in-process;
(4) work in-process obtained above be dry, pulverize at 80-90 DEG C, obtain described binding agent;
In fermentation culture process described in step (1), add the Repone K pulvis of starch weight 9-12% as fermentation terminator, fully after mixing, fermentation ends;
The concrete preparation method of this granular fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
By above-mentioned each raw material mixing except binding agent and wilkinite, add the distiller's dried grain of compound weight 3-5%, the cane sugar powder of 1-2%, 45-50 hour is stacked at temperature is 25-35 DEG C, add each raw material of residue again, granulation at 50-60 DEG C after stirring, then dry, drying temperature is 65-75 DEG C, obtains described Functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer.
2. the preparation method of a kind of Functional nutrient complex granular fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that fertiliser granulates particle diameter is 2-4.5mm, 100-grain weight is 2-3.5g, ultimate compression strength 30-45N.
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| CN104058849A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-09-24 | 安徽省巨星肥业有限公司 | Selenium-enriched efficient sustained release compound fertilizer |
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| CN107673818A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-02-09 | 潘月玉 | A kind of nano-sized carbon selenium-enriched fertilizer technology of preparing of Selenium-enriched radish |
| CN107793261A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-03-13 | 潘月玉 | The nano-sized carbon selenium-enriched fertilizer technology of preparing of selenium-rich citrus |
| CN107540474A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-05 | 潘月玉 | A kind of nano-sized carbon selenium-enriched fertilizer technology of preparing of selenium-rich agaric |
| CN107556113A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-09 | 潘月玉 | A kind of nano-sized carbon selenium-enriched fertilizer technology of preparing of selenium-rich potato |
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