CN106079689A - 一种低温用纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低温用纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106079689A
CN106079689A CN201610410060.XA CN201610410060A CN106079689A CN 106079689 A CN106079689 A CN 106079689A CN 201610410060 A CN201610410060 A CN 201610410060A CN 106079689 A CN106079689 A CN 106079689A
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nano silicon
aerogel blanket
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徐斌
刘汉东
钊文科
柏莹莹
任斌
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Jiangsu Dewei Energy Saving Group Co., Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种低温用纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡及其制备方法,包括纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体、保护层和增强层,所述的保护层设在纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体的四周,所述的增强层设在纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体的表面,且位于纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体和保护层之间,所述的保护层为硅橡胶或EVA的耐低温且具有较好延展性和柔韧性的高分子材料,所述的增强层为璃纤维材料或者芳伦布材料构成。通过在疏水纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体的表面预加增强层并与气凝胶毡预增强,然后通过辊涂等方法施加硅橡胶等的保护层,通过烘干后,可以形成耐低温、柔软且透气性较差的保护层,避免水分进入气凝胶内部,保证纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡在低温下导热性能的稳定。

Description

一种低温用纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种二氧化硅气凝胶毡,尤其涉及一种低温用纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着当前能源问题的日益突出,节能减排已经成为当前研究的热点。二氧化硅气凝胶材料由于其优异的隔热能力,在保温领域的使用约来约广泛,使用纳米二氧化硅气凝胶材料,不但可以极大地降低保温层厚度,而且由于二氧化硅气凝胶材料基本全部由二氧化硅和玻璃纤维组成,对于环境没有任何有害污染。是理想的保温材料替代品。
然而,现在使用的二氧化硅气凝胶毡在低温使用过程中,由于材料的透气性高,使用过程中水蒸气进入气凝胶内部,然后凝结成冰,破坏了气凝胶的结构,而且冰相的存在,会造成保冷效果的急剧降低,目前尚未见文件对此问题进行有效的处理。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:针对现有技术的缺陷,提出了一种低温用纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡及其制备方法。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种低温用纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡,包括纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体、保护层和增强层,所述的保护层设在纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体的四周,所述的增强层设在纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体的表面,且位于纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体和保护层之间,所述的保护层为硅橡胶或EVA的耐低温且具有较好延展性和柔韧性的高分子材料,所述的增强层为璃纤维材料或者芳伦布材料构成。
在本发明中:所述保护层的厚度为0.1—1.5mm。
在本发明中:所述增强层的厚度为0.1—0.5mm。
在本发明中:所述的保护层为加成型双组分硅橡胶材料构成。
一种制备低温用纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)、在纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体制作完成后,疏水处理前或疏水处理后在其表面敷设由璃纤维材料或者芳伦布材料构成的增强层,然后通过针刺方法与纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体预增强;
(2)、通过丝网印刷、流延或辊涂方法将由硅橡胶或EVA材料构成的保护层涂敷于纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体表面,在15°—70°温度下经过4—24小时固化后可得耐低温的纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡。
采用上述技术方案后,本发明的有益效果为:通过在疏水纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体的表面预加增强层并与气凝胶毡预增强,然后通过辊涂等方法施加硅橡胶等的保护层,通过烘干后,可以形成耐低温、柔软且透气性较差的保护层,避免水分进入气凝胶内部,保证纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡在低温下导热性能的稳定。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
利用疏水处理后的纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡,在表面预敷设一层0.1mm厚的疏松玻璃纤维布,然后通过针刺方法与纳米二氧化硅气凝胶预增强,然后通过辊涂方法添加1.5 mm厚的单组分室温硫化硅橡胶,室温24h固化后可得到耐低温纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡。
实施例2
利用疏水处理后的纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡,在表面预敷设一层0.1mm厚的芳伦布,然后通过针刺方法与纳米二氧化硅气凝胶预增强,然后通过流延方法涂敷一层0.1 mm厚的双组分加成型硅橡胶,70度4h固化后得到耐低温纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡。
实施例3
利用疏水处理后的纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡,在表面预敷设一层0.5mm厚的芳伦布,然后通过针刺方法与纳米二氧化硅气凝胶预增强,然后通过丝网印刷方法涂敷一层0.8 mm厚的双组分加成型硅橡胶,50度8h固化后得到耐低温纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡。
在本发明中:保护层为透气性差、耐低温的,从而避免水蒸气进入气凝胶内部;为增强保护层与纳米二氧化硅气凝胶结合的强度和持久性,预先在纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡表面敷设一薄层增强层如玻璃纤维薄层等,并通过针刺等方法与气凝胶毡预增强,可以显著提升结合的强度和稳定性。
保护层可以为硅橡胶、EVA等耐低温,具有较好延展性和柔韧性的高分子材料,以硅橡胶,尤其是加成型双组分硅橡胶为佳,过程中不产生醇、酸等低分子化合物,可以避免加工过程中对气凝胶毡结构的破坏。保护层硅橡胶可以通过丝网印刷、流延、辊涂等方法涂敷于气凝胶表面,以辊涂为佳,均匀性和连续性较好,且易于实现连续操作,配合后续的烘干操作,可以实现连续化生产。
以上对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述,但本发明并不限于以上描述。对于本领域的技术人员而言,任何对本技术方案的同等修改和替代都是在本发明的范围之中。因此,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改,都应涵盖在本发明的范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种低温用纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡,其特征在于:包括纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体、保护层和增强层,所述的保护层设在纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体的四周,所述的增强层设在纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体的表面,且位于纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体和保护层之间,所述的保护层为硅橡胶或EVA的耐低温且具有较好延展性和柔韧性的高分子材料,所述的增强层为璃纤维材料或者芳伦布材料构成。
2.据权利要求1所述的一种低温用纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡,其特征在于:所述保护层的厚度为0.1—1.5mm。
3.据权利要求1所述的一种低温用纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡,其特征在于:所述增强层的厚度为0.1—0.5mm。
4.据权利要求1所述的一种低温用纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡,其特征在于:所述的保护层为加成型双组分硅橡胶材料构成。
5.一种制备如权利要求1低温用纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)、在纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体制作完成后,疏水处理前或疏水处理后在其表面敷设由璃纤维材料或者芳伦布材料构成的增强层,然后通过针刺方法与纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体预增强;
(2)、通过丝网印刷、流延或辊涂方法将由硅橡胶或EVA材料构成的保护层涂敷于纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡本体表面,在15°—70°温度下经过4—24小时固化后可得耐低温的纳米二氧化硅气凝胶毡。
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