CN106078975A - 一种乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板及其生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板及其生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板及其生产工艺,所述复合木板由普通木板和碳纤维层组成,通过将普通木板采用溶剂浸没,蒸汽干燥,阻燃剂浸泡、溶剂稀释的酸酐酰化反应后,干燥,与碳纤维结构层胶粘复合制成。所述生产工艺是将普通木板进行预处理,溶剂浸没,进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空,用阻燃剂将其浸没,加压;然后卸压、卸阻燃剂,抽真空,再加入溶剂浸没,蒸汽干燥,加入用溶剂稀释的酸酐溶液将木板浸没,进行酰化反应,反应结束后,排出液体,抽真空,加入溶剂将其浸没后,蒸汽干燥、抽真空,然后与碳纤维进行胶粘,得到乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板。本发明制得的复合木板阻燃防火,性能优越,适用范围广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合木板,具体是涉及一种乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板及其生产工艺。
背景技术
木材是由90%的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、水及10%的抽提物和灰分等组成,主要化学成分的分子结构、性质及相互间的关系不仅是木材各种性质的物质基础,也是木材改性和阻燃处理的化学基础。
阻燃木材的阻燃性能与阻燃剂的性能和用量有关,还与阻燃剂在木材中的分布状态有关。阻燃处理对木材强度、吸湿性等的影响取决于所用阻燃剂的种类、酸碱性及处理工艺条件。因此,选择合适的阻燃处理工艺,既能提高阻燃性能,而又不破坏木材的物理力学性能和工艺性能。
木材的阻燃处理方法有很多,主要有常压浸注法、热压法、复合法等。常压浸注法就是在常压条件下,将阻燃剂溶液注入到木材或木质人造板中,该方法工艺简单、成本低廉、设备投资少,缺点是只适于处理单板等厚度较薄(1~3cm)的材料,以及渗透性能较好的材质。热压法适用于人造板生产,对板材的物理力学性能影响很小,但在通过热压将阻燃剂渗入板内时,易使板材表面鼓泡。复合法是在人造板生产中,在胶粘剂或木纤维中拌入阻燃剂,但阻燃剂的加入会影 响胶粘剂的固化。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述现有技术所存在的缺点和不足,提供一种乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板及其生产工艺。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板,由普通木板和碳纤维层组成,通过将普通木板采用溶剂浸没,蒸汽干燥,阻燃剂浸泡、溶剂稀释的酸酐酰化反应后,干燥,与碳纤维结构层胶粘复合制成。
上述所述普通木板为厚度5~10cm的木质板材。
上述所述碳纤维结构层的层厚为2mm,所述的碳纤维为聚丙烯腈基碳纤维、沥青基碳纤维和酚醛基碳纤维中的任一种。
上述所述胶粘采用的胶粘剂为阻燃胶粘剂
一种乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)将普通木板放入反应釜中,并加入溶剂将其完全浸没10~15min,在100~120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至100~200Pa,得到含水量为8~15%的木板;
(2)采用浓度10~15%的阻燃剂浸没步骤1)得到的木板,加压至1MPa,维持20~30min,卸压、卸阻燃剂,抽真空至100~200Pa,再加入溶剂至将木板完全浸没10~15min,在100~120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至100~200Pa,得到含水量为5~12%的木板;
(3)采用溶剂稀释酸酐,得到浓度为20~40%的酸酐,采用浸泡的方式,加到步骤2)所得的木板中,在1MPa、100~130℃下反应8~16h,反应结束后,排 出液体,抽真空至100~200Pa,得到含水量为5~10%的木板;
(4)向步骤3)所得的木板中添加溶剂,浸没10~15min,再在100℃~120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至100~200Pa,得到含水量为5~10%的木板;
(5)在常温常压下,采用阻燃胶粘剂将步骤4)得到的木板的其中一面与片状的碳纤维胶粘,压合,得到乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板。
上述所述的溶剂为苯、甲苯、乙苯中的任一种,优选为苯。
上述所述的阻燃剂为浓度为10%的KD-I、FRW、磷酸二氢氨一硼酸(MAP-H3BO3)、N-羟甲基-3-(二甲氧基磷酰基)丙酰胺中的任一种,优选为KD-I。
上述所述的酸酐为甲酸酐、乙酸酐、苯甲酸酐、苯乙酸酐中的任一种,优选为乙酸酐。
与现技术相比,本发明的优点和有益效果主要有:
1、本发明制得的复合木板遇明火不会燃烧,只能轻度炭化,极大改变了木材阻燃的性质,拓宽了木材的应用范围,而且复合木板尺寸稳定,在潮湿暴露条件下,木材膨胀少于15%,阻燃木材氧指数超过42%,烟密度小于43kg/m3并有抗木菌和白蚁的侵袭性,抗老化,且不降低抗冲击强度,湿抗压强度提高一倍,顺纹抗压强度>100MPa,抗弯强度>200MPa,端面硬度>10000N,密度>0.8g/cm3。
2、本发明生产工艺简单,成本低,适合用于处理厚度为1~5cm的普通木板,制得的复合木板表面平滑,不会鼓泡。
3、本发明生产工艺步骤(2)中,反应结束后将阻燃剂排出,经过滤分离、添加阻燃剂等操作,可重复使用。生产工艺步骤(3)、(4)中,反应结束后将液体排出,经蒸馏分离,可得到溶剂苯、乙酸酐及乙酸溶液。可重复利用率高, 因此成本低。
附图说明
图1为本发明的复合木板的结构层剖面示意图;
图中:1.普通木板,2.碳纤维层。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步的详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
如附图1所示,为本发明的一种乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板,由普通木板和碳纤维层组成,所述复合木板通过将普通木板采用溶剂干燥和阻燃剂浸泡、酰化反应后,干燥,与碳纤维结构层胶粘复合制成。
上述所述普通木板为厚度5~10cm的木质板材。
上述所述碳纤维结构层的层厚为2mm,所述的碳纤维为聚丙烯腈基碳纤维、沥青基碳纤维和酚醛基碳纤维中的任一种。
本发明的乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板的生产工艺实施例如下:
实施例1:
(1)将尺寸为100cm×10cm×5cm的普通木板放入反应釜中,并加入溶剂苯将其完全浸没10min,在100℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至200Pa,得到含水量为8~15%的木板;
(2)采用浓度10%的KD-I阻燃剂浸没步骤1)得到的木材,加压至1MPa, 维持20min,卸压、卸KD-I阻燃剂,抽真空至200Pa,再加入溶剂至将木板完全浸没10min,在100℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至200Pa,得到含水量为6~12%的木板;
(3)采用溶剂稀释乙酸酐,得到浓度为20%的乙酸酐,采用浸泡的方式,加到步骤2)所得的木板中,在1MPa、100℃下反应8,反应结束后,排出液体,抽真空至200Pa,得到含水量为5~10%的木板;
(4)向步骤3)所得的木板中添加溶剂苯,浸没10min,再在100℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至200Pa,得到含水量为5~8%的木板;
(5)在常温常压下,采用一般性阻燃胶粘剂将步骤4)得到的木板的其中一面与片状的碳纤维胶粘,压合,得到乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板。
实施例2:
(1)将尺寸为100cm×10cm×5cm的普通木板放入反应釜中,并加入甲苯溶剂将其完全浸没12min,在110℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至150Pa,得到含水量为8~14%的木板;
(2)采用浓度10%的FRW阻燃剂浸没步骤1)得到的木材,加压至1MPa,维持25min,卸压、卸FRW阻燃剂,抽真空至150Pa,再加入甲苯溶剂至将木板完全浸没12min,在110℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至150Pa,得到含水量为5~11%的木板;
(3)采用甲苯溶剂稀释甲酸酐,得到浓度为25%的甲酸酐,采用浸泡的方式,加到步骤2)所得的木板中,在1MPa、120℃下反应10h,反应结束后,排出液体,抽真空至150Pa,得到含水量为5~10%的木板;
(4)向步骤3)所得的木板中添加甲苯溶剂,浸没12min,再在110℃下进 行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至150Pa,得到含水量为3~8%的木板;
(5)在常温常压下,采用一般性阻燃胶粘剂将步骤4)得到的木板的其中一面与片状的碳纤维胶粘,压合即得到酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板。
实施例3:
(1)将尺寸为100cm×10cm×5cm的普通木板放入反应釜中,并加入乙苯溶剂将其完全浸没12min,在120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至150Pa,得到含水量为8~15%的木板;
(2)采用浓度10%的磷酸二氢氨一硼酸阻燃剂浸没步骤1)得到的木材,加压至1MPa,维持25min,卸压、卸磷酸二氢氨一硼酸阻燃剂,抽真空至150Pa,再加入苯溶剂至将木板完全浸没12min,在120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至150Pa,得到含水量为5~12%的木板;
(3)采用溶剂稀释苯甲酸酐,得到浓度为25%的苯甲酸酐,采用浸泡的方式,加到步骤2)所得的木板中,在1MPa、120℃下反应16h,反应结束后,排出液体,抽真空至150Pa,得到含水量为5~10%的木板;
(4)向步骤3)所得的木板中添加乙苯溶剂,浸没12min,再在120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至150Pa,得到含水量为5~8%的木板;
(5)在常温常压下,采用一般性阻燃胶粘剂将步骤4)得到的木板的其中一面与片状的碳纤维胶粘,压合即得到酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板。
实施例4:
(1)将尺寸为100cm×10cm×5cm的普通木板放入反应釜中,并加入苯溶剂将其完全浸没12min,在120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至100Pa,得到含水量为8~14%的木板;
(2)采用浓度10%的N-羟甲基-3-(二甲氧基磷酰基)丙酰胺阻燃剂浸没步骤1)得到的木材,加压至1MPa,维持30min,卸压、卸N-羟甲基-3-(二甲氧基磷酰基)丙酰胺阻燃剂,抽真空至100Pa,再加入苯溶剂至将木板完全浸没12min,在120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至100Pa,得到含水量为5~11%的木板;
(3)采用苯溶剂稀释苯乙酸酐,得到浓度为30%的苯乙酸酐,采用浸泡的方式,加到步骤2)所得的木板中,在1MPa、130℃下反应14h,反应结束后,排出液体,抽真空至100Pa,得到含水量为5~8%的木板;
(4)向步骤3)所得的木板中添加溶剂苯,浸没12min,再在120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至100Pa,得到含水量为3~8%的木板;
(5)在常温常压下,采用一般性阻燃胶粘剂将步骤4)得到的木板的其中一面与片状的碳纤维胶粘,压合即得到酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板。
实施例5:
(1)将尺寸为100cm×10cm×5cm的普通木板放入反应釜中,并加入苯溶剂将其完全浸没15min,在120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至100Pa,得到含水量为8~12%的木板;
(2)采用浓度15%的KD-I阻燃剂浸没步骤1)得到的木材,加压至1MPa,维持30min,卸压、卸KD-I阻燃剂,抽真空至100Pa,再加入苯溶剂至将木板完全浸没15min,在120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至100Pa,得到含水量为5~10%的木板;
(3)采用溶剂稀释乙酸酐,得到浓度为35%的乙酸酐,采用浸泡的方式,加到步骤2)所得的木板中,在1MPa、130℃下反应16h,反应结束后,排出液体,抽真空至100Pa,得到含水量为5~8%的木板;
(4)向步骤3)所得的木板中添加溶剂苯,浸没15min,再在120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至100Pa,得到含水量为3~7%的木板;
(5)在常温常压下,采用一般性阻燃胶粘剂将步骤4)得到的木板的其中一面与片状的碳纤维胶粘,压合即得到乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板。
实施例6:
(1)将尺寸为100cm×10cm×5cm的普通木板放入反应釜中,并加入甲苯溶剂将其完全浸没15min,在120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至100Pa,得到含水量为8~12%的木板;
(2)采用浓度15%的N-羟甲基-3-(二甲氧基磷酰基)丙酰胺阻燃剂浸没步骤1)得到的木材,加压至1MPa,维持30min,卸压、卸N-羟甲基-3-(二甲氧基磷酰基)丙酰胺阻燃剂,抽真空至100Pa,再加入甲苯溶剂至将木板完全浸没15min,在120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至100Pa,得到含水量为5~10%的木板;
(3)采用溶剂稀释乙酸酐,得到浓度为40%的乙酸酐,采用浸泡的方式,加到步骤2)所得的木板中,在1MPa、130℃下反应16h,反应结束后,排出液体,抽真空至100Pa,得到含水量为5~7%的木板;
(4)向步骤3)所得的木板中添加甲苯溶剂,浸没15min,再在120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至100Pa,得到含水量为3~6%的木板;
(5)在常温常压下,采用一般性阻燃胶粘剂将步骤4)得到的木板的其中一面与片状的碳纤维胶粘,压合即得到乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板。
按国标(GB/T 12441-2005)模拟大板燃烧法测试乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板的阻燃性能,国标(GB/T 8627-2007)测试复合木板的烟密度,国标(GB/T15104-2006)等方法测试复合木板的力学性能,六次测定平均结果如下表1:
表1
由表1可知,采用本发明制备的乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板平均耐火时间大大高于空白木板,氧指数达到了42~48,烟密度大幅度降低,顺纹抗压强度>100MPa,抗弯强度>200MPa,端面硬度>10000N。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式。当然,本发明还可有其它多种实施例,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员,当可根据本发明作出各种相应的等效改变和变形,都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板,由普通木板和碳纤维层组成,其特征在于,所述复合木板通过将普通木板采用溶剂浸没,蒸汽干燥,阻燃剂浸泡、溶剂稀释的酸酐酰化反应后,干燥,与碳纤维结构层胶粘复合制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板,其特征在于,所述普通木板为厚度5~10cm的木质板材。
3.根据权利要求1所述的乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板,其特征在于,所述碳纤维结构层的层厚为2mm,所述的碳纤维为聚丙烯腈基碳纤维、沥青基碳纤维和酚醛基碳纤维中的任一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板,其特征在于,所述胶粘采用的胶粘剂为阻燃胶粘剂。
5.一种根据权利要求1所述的乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板的生产工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将普通木板放入反应釜中,并加入溶剂将其完全浸没10~15min,在100~120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至100~200Pa,得到含水量为8~15%的木板;
(2)采用浓度10~15%的阻燃剂浸没步骤1)得到的木板,加压至1MPa,维持20~30min,卸压、卸阻燃剂,抽真空至100~200Pa,再加入溶剂至将木板完全浸没10~15min,在100~120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至100~200Pa,得到含水量为5~12%的木板;
(3)采用溶剂稀释酸酐,得到浓度为20~40%的酸酐,采用浸泡的方式,加到步骤2)所得的木板中,在1MPa、100~130℃下反应8~16h,反应结束后,排出液体,抽真空至100~200Pa,得到含水量为5~10%的木板;
(4)向步骤3)所得的木板中添加溶剂,浸没10~15min,再在100℃~120℃下进行蒸汽干燥,抽真空至100~200Pa,得到含水量为5~10%的木板;
(5)在常温常压下,采用阻燃胶粘剂将步骤4)得到的木板的其中一面与片状的碳纤维胶粘,压合,得到乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板。
6.根据权利要求5所述的乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板的生产工艺,其特征在于:所述的溶剂为苯、甲苯、乙苯中的任一种。
7.根据权利要求5所述的乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板的生产工艺,其特征在于:所述的阻燃剂为浓度为10%的KD-I、FRW、磷酸二氢氨一硼酸(MAP-H3BO3)、N-羟甲基-3-(二甲氧基磷酰基)丙酰胺中的任一种。
8.根据权利要求5所述的乙酰化阻燃型碳纤维复合木板的生产工艺,其特征在于:所述的酸酐为甲酸酐、乙酸酐、苯甲酸酐、苯乙酸酐中的任一种。
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