CN106068366B - 监测燃气涡轮机中的燃烧异常的方法及包括燃烧异常探测系统的燃气涡轮机 - Google Patents

监测燃气涡轮机中的燃烧异常的方法及包括燃烧异常探测系统的燃气涡轮机 Download PDF

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CN106068366B
CN106068366B CN201580015179.0A CN201580015179A CN106068366B CN 106068366 B CN106068366 B CN 106068366B CN 201580015179 A CN201580015179 A CN 201580015179A CN 106068366 B CN106068366 B CN 106068366B
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gas turbine
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temperature sensor
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K.W.米勒
R.J.亚西洛
M.F.莱蒙
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    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/12—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to temperature
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Abstract

一种监测燃气涡轮机中的燃烧异常的方法包括：感测布置在燃气涡轮机的排气系统中的多个温度传感器中的每一个处的排出气体温度，将多个温度传感器中的每一个处的排出气体温度与平均排出气体温度相比较，确定多个温度传感器中的一个或更多个处的排出气体温度是否偏离平均排气温度达预定阈值，以及识别感测到偏离平均排气温度大于预定阈值的温度的温度传感器中的一个或更多个处的瞬时燃烧异常。

Description

监测燃气涡轮机中的燃烧异常的方法及包括燃烧异常探测系 统的燃气涡轮机
技术领域
本文公开的主题涉及涡轮机领域，并且更具体地涉及监测燃气涡轮机中的燃烧异常的方法，以及包括燃烧异常探测系统的燃气涡轮机。
背景技术
涡轮机包括经由公共压缩机/涡轮轴和燃烧器组件联结到涡轮部分上的压缩机部分。入口空气流朝压缩机部分经过进气口。在压缩机部分中，入口空气流朝燃烧器组件经由一定数目的连续级压缩。在燃烧器组件中，压缩的空气流与燃料混合来形成可燃混合物。可燃混合物在燃烧器组件中燃烧来形成热气体。热气体沿涡轮部分的热气体通路引导穿过过渡件。热气体沿热气体通路经由一定数目的涡轮级膨胀，作用于安装在轮上的涡轮轮叶翼型件来产生功，其例如输出至发电机。热气体从涡轮部分作为排出气体穿过排气系统。一定数目的热电偶布置在排气系统中来测量排出气体的温度。
发明内容
根据示例性实施例，一种监测燃气涡轮机中的燃烧异常的方法包括：感测布置在燃气涡轮机的排气系统中的多个温度传感器中的每一个处的排出气体温度，将多个温度传感器中的每一个处的排出气体温度与平均排出气体温度相比较，确定多个温度传感器中的一个或更多个处的排出气体温度是否偏离平均排气温度达预定阈值，以及识别感测到偏离平均排气温度大于预定阈值的温度的温度传感器中的一个或更多个处的瞬时燃烧异常。
根据示例性实施例的另一个方面，一种燃气涡轮机系统包括：包括空气入口的压缩机部分，以及可操作地连接到压缩机部分上的涡轮部分。涡轮部分包括排气出口。燃烧器组件流体地连接到压缩机部分和涡轮部分上。进气系统流体地连接到空气入口上，且排气系统流体地连接到排气出口上。排气系统包括多个温度传感器，其构造成探测经过排气系统的排出气体的温度。燃烧异常探测系统可操作地连接到多个温度传感器中的每一个上。燃烧异常探测系统包括具有与之包含的程序指令的计算机可读储存介质。程序指令可由处理电路读取，以促使处理电路执行方法，该方法包括感测布置在排气系统中的多个温度传感器中的每一个处的排出气体温度、将多个温度传感器中的每一个处的排出气体温度与平均排出气体温度相比较、确定多个温度传感器中的一个或更多个处的排出气体温度是否偏离平均排气温度达预定阈值，以及识别感测到偏离平均排气温度大于预定阈值的温度的温度传感器中的一个或更多个处的瞬时燃烧异常。
这些及其它优点和特征将从连同附图的以下描述中变得更清楚。
附图说明
认作是本发明的主题在说明书结束部分处的权利要求中具体指出且明确提出。本发明的前述及其它特征和优点从连同附图的以下详细描述中清楚，在附图中：
图1为按照示例性实施例的包括燃烧异常探测系统的燃气涡轮机的简图；
图2为图1的燃气涡轮机的排气系统的轴向视图；以及
图3绘出了按照示例性实施例的示出探测燃烧异常的方法的流程图。
详细描述通过参照附图的实例来连同优点和特征阐释了本发明的实施例。
具体实施方式
图1中大体上在2处示出了按照示例性实施例的燃气涡轮机系统。燃气涡轮机系统2包括燃气涡轮机4，其具有经由燃烧器组件10流体地连接到涡轮部分8上的压缩机部分6。燃烧器组件10包括可成筒环形阵列布置的一个或更多个燃烧器12。压缩机部分6还可经由轴14机械地联结到涡轮部分8上。压缩机部分6包括空气入口16，且涡轮部分8包括排气出口18。进气系统20流体地连接到空气入口16上。进气系统20可调节进入压缩机部分6中的空气。例如，进气系统20可除去或减少可由进入空气入口16中的空气携带的水分。排气系统22流体地连接到排气出口18上。排气系统22可在引入至环境之前调节从涡轮部分8传递的排出气体。燃气涡轮机系统2还可包括从动负载30，其可采用发电机、泵或车辆的形式。
如图2中所示，排气系统22包括壳体40，其具有外表面42和限定排出气体流动通路46的内表面44。排气系统22包括布置在壳体40上的多个温度传感器，其中的一个在50处指出。温度传感器50可采用热电偶的形式，热电偶围绕内表面44沿周向成阵列，且暴露于排出气体流动通路46。按照示例性实施例的一个方面，一个或更多个温度传感器50可与包括多组温度传感器的排出气体系统22成组53布置。按照示例性实施例的另一个方面，各组均可包括三个温度传感器。
按照示例性实施例，燃气涡轮机系统2包括燃烧器异常探测系统60，其可操作地连接到多个温度传感器50中的每一个上。应当理解的是，燃烧器异常探测系统60可与燃气涡轮机4共同定位，或可在中央全局监测站点中。因此，燃烧器异常探测系统60可接收来自单个监测位置的数据，且从单个监测位置同时监测位于世界任何地点的多个燃气涡轮机系统。与通过查看一定时间内的排出气体温度趋势来探测燃烧异常的现有系统相比，燃烧器异常探测系统60识别排气系统22中的瞬时热点和/或冷点的存在。燃烧器异常探测系统60包括CPU62、设有一组程序指令68的计算机可读储存介质64，以及存储器70。如下文更完整所述，燃烧器异常探测系统60可操作地连接到报警器74上，其可在探测燃烧异常后提供视觉和/或听觉报警。
如图3中所示，探测燃烧异常的方法200植入在程序指令68中。首先，在框202中，燃烧异常探测系统60确定燃气涡轮机4是否已经运行达预定时间段。如果燃气涡轮机4未运行达预定时间段，则如框204中所示，不采用动作。在框206中，如果燃气涡轮机4已经运行达至少预定时间段内，则排出气体温度从各个温度传感器50收集到，且与平均排出气体温度相比较。在框208中，作出任何温度传感器50是否故障的确定。如果感测温度偏离平均排出气体温度大于阈值，则传感器认作是故障的。在一个实例中，阈值可为±300℉(149℃)。当然，应当理解的是，阈值可变化。
在框210中，如果没有指出故障的温度传感器，则温度在各组53中的各个温度传感器50处采集到。如果在框208中，指出故障的温度传感器，则那些传感器标记为忽略的，且在框212中形成新组，且在框210中，温度在各个新组中的任何其余温度传感器处收集到。在框220中，作出任何一个温度传感器50是否感测到偏离(高于或低于)平均排气温度的温度的确定。燃烧异常探测系统60可独立地查看各个传感器50，或可查看各组53中的各个传感器50。如果所有温度传感器50都报告指出从平均排气温度的类似偏离的温度，则在步骤230中作出附加的比较。然而，如果温度传感器50中的一个或更多个不同于其它温度传感器50而偏离，则方法200回到步骤210。
例如，在框230中，燃烧异常探测系统60可查看组中的所有传感器50，且确定组中的最大感测温度是否大于第一阈值α，组中的中间感测温度是否大于第二阈值β，以及组中的平均温度是否大于第三阈值δ。当然，应当理解的是，第一阈值、第二阈值和第三阈值中的各个的值可取决于燃气涡轮机4的细节改变。如果最大感测温度、中间感测温度和平均感测温度中的一个或更多个超过第一阈值、第二阈值和第三阈值中的对应一个，则在框240中，组标记为指出瞬时燃烧异常，且储存在存储器70中，计数器在框250中增加，且方法回到框202来在第二时间段内探测温度。如果燃烧异常在预定时段内持续，例如，组重复地标记为指出连续时间段内的燃烧异常，则燃烧器异常探测系统60可生成指出异常在排气系统22中持续的报警74。按照示例性实施例的一个方面，如果组标记为指出40个连续一分钟时间段中的各个中异常，则报警器74可在框260中触动。当然，各个时段的持续时间和指出持续的具有异常的连续时段的数目可变化。
此时，应当理解的是，示例性实施例提供了用于探测燃气涡轮机的排气系统中的燃烧异常的系统及方法。相比于依靠一定时间内的温度趋势的现有技术的系统，示例性实施例识别瞬时燃烧异常，确定异常是否持续，且如果异常持续达预定时间段则使报警器发声。
尽管仅结合了有限数目的实施例详细描述本发明，但应当理解的是，本发明不限于此公开实施例。相反，本发明可改变以结合迄今未描述的但与本发明的精神和范围相当的任何数目的变型、改型、置换或等同布置。此外，尽管已经描述了本发明的各种实施例，但将理解的是，本发明的方面可仅包括一些所述实施例。因此，本发明未看作由前述描述限制，但仅由所附权利要求的范围限制。

Claims (20)

1.一种监测燃气涡轮机中的燃烧异常的方法，所述方法包括：
感测布置在所述燃气涡轮机的排气系统中的多个温度传感器中的每一个处的排出气体温度；
将所述多个温度传感器中的每一个处的所述排出气体温度与平均排气温度相比较；
确定所述多个温度传感器中的一个或更多个处的所述排出气体温度是否偏离所述平均排气温度达预定阈值；以及
识别感测到偏离所述平均排气温度大于所述预定阈值的温度的所述多个温度传感器中的一个或更多个处的瞬时燃烧异常。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：将所述多个温度传感器中的一个或更多个组合成组。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：确定所述组中的所述多个温度传感器中的一个或更多个中的每一个是否感测到偏离所述平均排气温度的温度。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：确定由所述组中的所述多个温度传感器中的一个或更多个探测到的最大感测温度、由所述组中的所述多个温度传感器中的一个或更多个探测到的平均感测温度，以及如果所述组中的所述多个温度传感器中的所有都感测到偏离所述平均排气温度的温度，则确定由所述组中的多个温度传感器中的一个或更多个探测到的平均感测温度。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：将所述最大感测温度与第一阈值相比较，将所述平均感测温度与第二阈值相比较，以及将所述平均感测温度与第三阈值相比较。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，识别所述瞬时燃烧异常包括确定所述最大感测温度超过所述第一阈值，所述平均感测温度超过所述第二阈值，以及所述平均感测温度超过所述第三阈值中的一个。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：触发报警器来指出所述瞬时燃烧异常。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：在多个连续时间段中的每一个内识别所述瞬时燃烧异常。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：如果所述瞬时燃烧异常在预定数目的连续时间段内指出，则触发报警器来指出所述瞬时燃烧异常。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个连续时间段中的每一个均包括一分钟。
11.一种燃气涡轮机系统，包括：
包括空气入口的压缩机部分；
可操作地连接至所述压缩机部分的涡轮部分，所述涡轮部分包括排气出口；
流体地连接至所述压缩机部分和所述涡轮部分的燃烧器组件；
流体地连接至所述空气入口的进气系统；
流体地连接至所述排气出口的排气系统，所述排气系统包括构造成探测经过所述排气系统的排出气体的温度的多个温度传感器；以及
可操作地连接至所述多个温度传感器中的每一个的燃烧异常探测系统，所述燃烧异常探测系统包括具有与之包含的程序指令的计算机可读储存介质，所述程序指令可由处理电路读取来促使所述处理电路执行方法，所述方法包括：
感测布置在所述排气系统中的所述多个温度传感器中的每一个处的排出气体温度；
将所述多个温度传感器中的每一个处的所述排出气体温度与平均排气温度相比较；
确定所述多个温度传感器中的一个或更多个处的所述排出气体温度是否偏离所述平均排气温度达预定阈值；以及
识别感测到偏离所述平均排气温度大于所述预定阈值的温度的所述多个温度传感器中的一个或更多个处的瞬时燃烧异常。
12.根据权利要求11所述的燃气涡轮机系统，其特征在于，所述程序指令可由处理电路读取来促使所述处理电路将所述多个温度传感器中的一个或更多个组合成组。
13.根据权利要求12所述的燃气涡轮机系统，其特征在于，所述程序指令可由处理电路读取来促使所述处理电路确定所述组中的所述多个温度传感器中的一个或更多个中的每一个是否感测到偏离所述平均排气温度的温度。
14.根据权利要求13所述的燃气涡轮机系统，其特征在于，所述程序指令可由处理电路读取来促使所述处理电路确定由所述组中的所述多个温度传感器中的一个或更多个探测到的最大感测温度、由所述组中的所述多个温度传感器中的一个或更多个探测到的平均感测温度，以及如果所述组中的所述多个温度传感器中的所有都感测到偏离所述平均排气温度的温度，则确定由所述组中的多个温度传感器中的一个或更多个探测到的平均感测温度。
15.根据权利要求14所述的燃气涡轮机系统，其特征在于，所述程序指令可由处理电路读取来促使所述处理电路将所述最大感测温度与第一阈值相比较，将所述平均感测温度与第二阈值相比较，以及将所述平均感测温度与第三阈值相比较。
16.根据权利要求15所述的燃气涡轮机系统，其特征在于，识别所述瞬时燃烧异常包括确定所述最大感测温度超过所述第一阈值，所述平均感测温度超过所述第二阈值，以及所述平均感测温度超过所述第三阈值中的一个。
17.根据权利要求11所述的燃气涡轮机系统，其特征在于，所述程序指令可由处理电路读取来促使所述处理电路触发报警器来指出所述瞬时燃烧异常。
18.根据权利要求11所述的燃气涡轮机系统，其特征在于，所述程序指令可由处理电路读取来促使所述处理电路识别多个连续时间段中的每一个中的瞬时燃烧异常。
19.根据权利要求18所述的燃气涡轮机系统，其特征在于，如果在预定数目的连续时间段内指出所述瞬时燃烧异常，则所述程序指令可由处理电路读取来促使所述处理电路触发报警器来指出所述瞬时燃烧异常。
20.根据权利要求18所述的燃气涡轮机系统，其特征在于，所述多个连续时间段中的每一个包括一分钟。
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