CN1060572C - 熔锥型高密度波分复用器 - Google Patents

熔锥型高密度波分复用器 Download PDF

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CN1060572C
CN1060572C CN96116575A CN96116575A CN1060572C CN 1060572 C CN1060572 C CN 1060572C CN 96116575 A CN96116575 A CN 96116575A CN 96116575 A CN96116575 A CN 96116575A CN 1060572 C CN1060572 C CN 1060572C
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陈祖培
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2821—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals
    • G02B6/2835—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals formed or shaped by thermal treatment, e.g. couplers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29331—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by evanescent wave coupling
    • G02B6/29332—Wavelength selective couplers, i.e. based on evanescent coupling between light guides, e.g. fused fibre couplers with transverse coupling between fibres having different propagation constant wavelength dependency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/03—WDM arrangements
    • H04J14/0307—Multiplexers; Demultiplexers

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Abstract

一种熔锥型高密度波分复用器，包括若干个1×2或2×2的多窗波分复用器，它们按窗口中心波长间隔周期倍率依次波分级联构成1×N通道的波分复用器，N为≥3的正整数。本发明由于制造工艺简单，易于实施，且插入损耗小，为全光纤结构，对环境温度、温度敏感度低，可明显提高单根光纤的通信容量、也明显提高光功率密度。

Description

熔锥型高密度波分复用器
本发明涉及一种用于光纤通信的波分复用器(WDM)，更具体地说，是一种提高单根光纤通信容量的多窗组合分光高密度波分复用器。
高密度波分复用器(DWDM)已广泛应用于各种光纤系统，它将光纤中传输的光按不同波段进行分束或合并后重新在光纤中传输。目前的技术有以下几种：
1、滤光器和宽带耦合器组合分光高密度波分复用器，它是由一个N通道(1×N或2×N)宽带耦合器和N个窄带滤光器串接组成，这N个窄带滤光器的中心波长不同，依次串接在宽带耦合器的N个分支通道中。这种高密度波分复用器的缺点是插入损耗大，而且插入损耗随着通道数目N的增大而增大。
2、多层介质干涉滤光膜分光高密度波分复用器，它是由N个中心波长不同的窄带干涉滤光膜和N+1个光纤准直器组成，最新的设计是将N个窄带干涉滤光膜镀在同一块透光窗口的二个通光表面上，准直光束在窗口材料内传输，并依次在各干涉滤光膜的透光窗口内侧反射，每一干涉滤光膜的透射光，由N个光纤准直器收集后在N个分支通道中传输。这种器件对光难度较大。
3、全息光栅分光高密度波分复用器，它是全息光栅和会聚透镜组成，一束由出光端面放在焦点上的光纤出射的光经会聚透镜变换为平行光，投射到全息光栅后被分成多束波长不同的光，以不同角度出射，并由会聚透镜依次会聚到端面位于焦平面内的N根光纤中。这种器件通道数可以很大，而插入损耗仍然很小，隔离度也可以很高，其缺点是对温度灵敏，实用中尚有一定困难。
本发明的目的是提供一种易于实施、插入损耗小而温度稳定性好的高密度波分复用器。
本发明的技术解决方案是采用一种多窗波分复用器(MWDM)技术。在详细描述本发明之前，先对多窗波分复用器说明如下：通常所说的波分复用器，每个分路通道只有一个通光窗口，即每一个分路通道的光在光谱上位于同一波段内。本发明所说的多窗波分复用器则不同，每一分路通道有二个或二个以上窗口，这些窗口在光谱上呈周期分布，各分支通道中的窗口在光谱上互不重迭，互不交叉。亦就是说，任一分支通道中窗口位置，在其余分支通道中位于截止波段，因而各分支通道在光谱上是互补的。描述多窗波分复用器的主要指标有窗口中心波长，窗口带宽，窗口内光插入损耗及其均匀性，窗口间中心波长间隔周期和窗口相邻通道的隔离度，和偏振相关度等。显然，上述多窗波分复用器还可以作为多窗口滤光器使用。
如上所述，本发明包括若干个1×2或2×2的多窗波分复用器，它们按窗口中心波长间隔周期倍率依次波分级联构成1×N通光窗口的波分复用器，N为≥3的正整数。
所说的窗口中心波长间隔周期倍率是1，2，3，……m，m为正整数。
本发明的特点还在于多窗波分复用器之间以二分支级联，其同级分支的多窗波分复用器的窗口互补，即每一个多窗波分复用器的两个分支通道各与一个多窗波分复用器相连接，而且该两个分支通道所接的波分复用器，其窗口中心波长间隔周期相同，但窗口位置互补。
本发明的多窗波分复用器为熔锥型结构，它包括对称双锥耦合区，窗口中心波长间隔周期在2～40纳米范围。
进一步，所说的多窗波分复用器包括一级多窗波分复用器或由一级多窗波分复用器的二分支与二只互补多窗口滤光器连接构成的复合多窗波分复用器。
所说的多窗口滤光器是多窗1×2或2×2波分复用器的任两个端口相连接构成的二端光纤器件，或由其二侧端中各取一个端口构成的二端光纤器件。
最后本发明的高密度波分复用器其每一分支通道中接有多个窗口中心波长间隔周期不同的多窗口光纤滤光器或隔离度更高的光纤光栅滤光器。
本发明的优点是：1、制造工艺简单，易于实施；2、插入损耗小，全光纤结构，其环境温度、湿度影响小；3、用于单根光纤多窗口通信，使单根光纤的容量由目前最大容量2．5千兆比特扩大到10千兆比特，甚至更大；4、用于高功率宽带光源，可以使单模光纤光源在600纳米带宽内的光功率密度由目前最大值小于1微瓦／纳米提高到30微瓦／纳米或60微瓦／纳米，甚至更高。
本发明的附图简单说明如下：
图1是本发明的4通道高密度波分复用器的光路连接示意图。
图2是图1所示的全光纤器件的通道传输特性示意图。
图3是本发明的N通道高密度波分复用器光路连接示意图。
图4是本发明的熔锥型多窗波分复用器结构示意图。
图5是本发明的熔锥型多窗波分复用器耦合区结构示意图。
图6和图7分别是本发明的多窗波分复用滤光器示意图。
图8是本发明的复合多窗波分复用器光路连接示意图。
下面根据图1～图8给出本发明的最佳实施例，并结合对实施例的描述，进一步提供本发明的技术细节。
如图1所示，熔锥型高密度波分复用器包括光纤10、11、12、13、14、15、16和多窗2×2波分复用器17、18、19系采用熔锥技术制造。图1所示4通道高密度波分复用器为全光纤器件，该多窗波分复用器18将光纤11和光纤13中光束合并到光纤15中，以双窗口传输，窗口中心波长间隔为Δλ，该多窗波分复用器19将光纤12和14中的光束合并到光纤16中，以双窗口传输，窗口中心波长间隔与多窗波分复用器18相同或相近：为Δλ，该多窗波分复用器17将光纤15和16中双窗口光束合并到光纤10中，以4窗口传输，窗口中心波长间隔周期是多窗波分复用器18、19的二分之一，即为(Δλ)／2，从而实现了将4个单窗口光束合并到一根光纤中传输的目的，反之，一根光纤10中传输的4窗口信号，λ1、λ2、λ3、λ4亦可为所述4窗口的高密度波分复用器分束后分别在四个分支通道光纤11、12、13、14中传输，图2中给出了这一器件的通道传输特性，其中，Δλ为窗口中心波长间隔周期，δλ为通道带宽。
任何分支通道数大于4的N通道高密度波分复用器，可以用一个1×2或2×2多窗波分复用器和2个n通道高密度波分复用器组合而成，n为正整数，n=N／2，如图3所示，其中多窗波分复用器303，N通道的高密度波分复用器304的n个分支通道的中心波长λ1，λ3，λ5……λ2n-1与高密度波分复用器305的N个分支通道的中心波长λ2，λ4，λ6……λ2n互补，依其数值大小排列，依次为λ1，λ2，λ3，λ4，λ5，λ6，……λ2n-1，λ2n。光纤熔锥型高密度波分复用器中使用的多窗波分复用器的结构如图4所示。该多窗波分复用器包括光纤40、41和石英槽410，光纤40和光纤41在中央部位经熔融拉锥成锥形结构(如图5所示)。其纤芯分别用纤芯47和纤芯48表示，其包层分别用包层46和包层49表示。锥形结构部位为耦合区，耦合区外光纤的纤芯分别用纤芯42和纤芯43表示，耦合区外光纤的包层分别用包层44和包层45表示。来自纤芯42、43的光束进入锥型耦合区后已离开纤芯47和纤芯48。在包层46和包层49内以多模形式传输，各模式之光束互相干涉，在离开耦合区重新进入纤芯时，光能按波长在二根纤芯42和43中重新分配，当一根纤芯42中功率达极大的波长位置，另一根光纤43则为功率极小值，从而在二根纤芯42和43中形成互补多窗口传输特性。
锥形耦合区采用熔融拉锥法形成，具体工艺过程与普通熔锥型光纤耦合器大致相同，将二根光纤中央部位剥去塑料护套，用刻蚀方法或单纤熔融预拉技术对包层厚度进行调整，然后将二根光纤中央部位并扰靠紧，并加热至熔融状态拉伸，直至在二根光纤中出现多窗口波分复用特性。所述刻蚀方法可以采用化学腐蚀，激光刻蚀或喷砂刻蚀等现成工艺，所述加热方法可以采用燃烧加热，放电电弧加热，或激光加热等任何一种加热方法，并扰靠紧可以采用平行安置光纤二端夹紧后拉紧的方法，也可采用将二根光纤绞紧的方法。多窗口波分复用特性可采用快速光谱仪进行监测。本发明还采用一根光纤上制作锥形耦合区的工艺。即将一根光纤一端与宽带光纤光源相接，另一端接入快速光谱仪监测，在光纤上二个不同部位剥去塑料护套，进行预拉或刻蚀后，再将它们并扰靠紧，然后加热拉伸，直至光谱仪显示出设计所期望的多窗口滤光器特性为止，停止加热拉伸并在冷却后再用石英槽和不锈钢管密封保护，即制成一个多窗口光纤滤光器，如图6和图7所示，图6中光纤411，光纤412和环路系同一根光纤的不同部位，416为石英槽，图7中光纤413、414和环路亦系同一根光纤的不同部位，415为石英槽。如果将原光纤中央部位环路切断，便形成四端(2×2)多窗波分复用器。图8中是一个在分支通道中串接多窗口滤光器的二级复合多窗波分复用器，分支通道隔离度比单级多窗波分复用器高出一倍，图中互补的多窗口光纤滤光器51和52，由一个1×2或2×2多窗波分复用器作为滤波器使用，此时作为一个二端器件使用，它也可直接采用图6和图7所示的多窗口光纤滤光器。该作滤光器使用的多窗波分复用器或多窗口光纤滤光器的窗口中心波长间隔周期与多窗波分复用器50完全一样，如需要更高隔离度，可增加串接的滤光器数目，形成3级，或更高级的复合多窗波分复用器。为了更好滤除边带波，可在高密度波分复用器分支通道中接入多个窗口中心波长间隔周期不同的多窗口光纤滤光器，也可接入隔离度更高的光纤光栅滤光器。

Claims (7)

1、一种熔锥型高密度波分复用器，包括若干个1×2或2×2的多窗波分复用器，它们按窗口中心波长间隔周期倍率依次波分级联构成1×N通光窗口的波分复用器，N为≥3的正整数。
2、根据权利要求1所述的熔锥型高密度波分复用器，其特征在于所说的窗口中心波长间隔周期倍率是1，2，3，……m，m为正整数。
3、根据权利要求1所述的熔锥型高密度波分复用器，其特征在于多窗波分复用器之间以二分支级联，其同级分支的多窗波分复用器的窗口互补。
4、根据权利要求1所述的熔锥型高密度波分复用器，其特征在于多窗波分复用器为多窗型熔锥结构，其包括对称双锥耦合区，窗口中心波长间隔周期在2～40纳米范围。
5、根据权利要求1或3所述的熔锥型高密度波分复用器，其特征在于多窗波分复用器包括一级多窗波分复用器或由一级多窗波分复用器的二个分支通道分别与二只互补多窗口滤光器连接构成的复合多窗波分复用器。
6、根据权利要求5所述的熔锥型高密度波分复用器，其特征在于多窗口滤光器是多窗1×2或2×2波分复用器的任两个端口相连接构成的二端光纤器件，或由其二侧端中各取一个端口构成的二端光纤器件。
7、根据权利要求1或6所述的熔锥型高密度波分复用器，其特征在于在其每一分支通道中接有多个窗口中心波长间隔周期不同的多窗口光纤滤光器或隔离度更高的光纤光栅滤光器。
CN96116575A 1996-11-13 1996-11-13 熔锥型高密度波分复用器 Expired - Fee Related CN1060572C (zh)

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