CN106029490B - 用于处理蒸发气体的系统和方法 - Google Patents
用于处理蒸发气体的系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
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- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于处理蒸发气体的系统和方法。根据本发明的用于处理在船只或船舶结构的LNG储罐中产生的蒸发气体的系统包括:再气化线,其用于通过再气化存储在所述LNG储罐中的LNG而供应天然气;以及高压压缩线,其用于将在所述LNG储罐中产生的所述蒸发气体压缩到高压并供应到所述再气化线下游的点。本发明的蒸发气体处理系统可防止储罐中压力上升以确保安全并减少蒸发气体浪费。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于处理蒸发气体的系统和方法,且更具体地说,涉及一种用于处理蒸发气体的系统和方法,其可将在LNG储罐中产生的蒸发气体压缩到高压且在再气化线的下游供应经压缩蒸发气体,使得蒸发气体在通过用于再气化存储在LNG储罐中的LNG的再气化线将天然气供应到陆上时与经再气化天然气一起供应到陆上。
背景技术
液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas,以下简称为“LNG”)为通过将主要由甲烷(Methane)组成的天然气冷却到约-162℃而获得的无色透明液体,且其具有为天然气的体积的约1/600的体积。因此,可通过将天然气液化成LNG来高效地运输天然气。
由于天然气在大气压下在-163℃的极低温度下液化,所以LNG可在大气压下甚至在略高于-163℃的温度下汽化。尽管将LNG载运工具、LNG-FPSO、RV和类似的LNG储罐热隔离,但归因于热量从外部连续地转移到LNG储罐而使LNG在LNG储罐中自然地蒸发。因此,在LNG储罐中产生蒸发气体(Boil-OffGas,简称:BOG)。
BOG的产生导致LNG损失且促使运输效率降低。另外,当蒸发气体在储罐中积累时,归因于LNG储罐中压力过度增加而存在爆炸危险。因此,已研究各种方法来处理在LNG储罐中产生的BOG。
最近,为了处理BOG,已提议再液化BOG并将其返还到储罐的方法、使用BOG作为船只引擎的能量来源的方法,以及类似的方法。另外,已提议一种在气体燃烧装置(gascombustion unit,简称:GCU)中燃烧过剩BOG的方法。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的方面提供一种用于处理蒸发气体的系统和方法,其可以高效且安全方式处理在船只或船舶结构(例如LNG-RV和LNG-FSRU)的储罐中产生的蒸发气体(Boil OffGas)。
技术解决方案
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种用于处理在船只或船舶结构的LNG储罐中产生的BOG的BOG处理系统,其包含:
再气化线,其用于再气化存储在所述LNG储罐中的LNG并供应天然气;以及
高压压缩线,其用于将在所述LNG储罐中产生的蒸发气体压缩到高压并在所述再气化线的下游供应所述经压缩蒸发气体。
所述蒸发气体处理系统可进一步包含:再冷凝器,其设置到所述再气化线并从所述LNG储罐接收过冷LNG;以及低压冷凝线,其用于将在所述LNG储罐中产生的蒸发气体压缩到低压并将所述经压缩蒸发气体供应到所述再冷凝器,以使得所述蒸发气体通过与所述过冷LNG的热交换再冷凝。
所述蒸发气体处理系统可进一步包含:高压泵,其设置到所述再气化线并压缩从所述再冷凝器供应的LNG;汽化器,其设置到所述再气化线并气化通过所述高压泵压缩的LNG;以及高压压缩器,其设置到所述高压压缩线并将从所述LNG储罐供应的蒸发气体压缩到高压。
可在所述再气化线上的所述汽化器的下游供应通过所述压缩器压缩到高压的所述蒸发气体。
所述蒸发气体处理系统可进一步包含:低压压缩器,其设置到所述低压冷凝线并将从所述LNG储罐供应的蒸发气体压缩到低压并将所述经压缩蒸发气体供应到所述再冷凝器;以及LNG供应泵,其设置到所述LNG储罐并将过冷LNG泵送到所述再冷凝器。
所述蒸发气体处理系统可进一步包含:燃料供应管线,其用于将所述经压缩BOG从所述高压压缩线和所述低压冷凝线供应到气体消耗装置,所述气体消耗装置包含所述船只或所述船舶结构的气体引擎、气体燃烧装置GCU(Gas Combustion Unit)和锅炉。
所述船只或所述船舶结构可包含再气化LNG并将天然气供应到陆上的LNG-RV(再气化船只)和LNG-FSRU(浮动存储再气化装置)。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供一种用于处理在船只或船舶结构的LNG储罐中产生的蒸发气体的蒸发气体处理方法,其包含:
将在所述LNG储罐中产生的蒸发气体压缩到高压并在再气化存储在所述LNG储罐中的LNG以将天然气供应到陆上的同时将所述经压缩蒸发气体与经再气化的天然气一起供应到陆上。
所述蒸发气体处理方法可进一步包含:将在所述LNG储罐中产生的所述蒸发气体压缩到低压并将所述经压缩蒸发气体与待再气化的所述LNG混合以使得所述经压缩蒸发气体再冷凝。
所述蒸发气体处理方法可进一步包含:在将于所述LNG储罐中产生的所述蒸发气体压缩到低压并将所述经压缩蒸发气体与待再气化的所述LNG混合以使得所述经压缩蒸发气体再冷凝的同时,将在通过来自所述LNG的冷热再冷凝之后剩余的蒸发气体压缩到高压,并将所述经压缩蒸发气体与所述经再气化天然气一起供应到陆上。
有利效果
根据本发明的蒸发气体处理系统可将在LNG储罐中产生的蒸发气体压缩到高压并在再气化线的下游供应经压缩蒸发气体,以使得在通过用于再气化存储在LNG储罐中的LNG的再气化线将天然气供应到陆上的同时,蒸发气体可与经再气化LNG一起供应到陆上。
另外,根据本发明的蒸发气体处理系统可将蒸发气体压缩到低压并使用来自待再气化的过冷LNG的冷热再冷凝蒸发气体。此处,当待再气化的LNG的量较小时,蒸发气体可经压缩到高压并通过再气化线供应到陆上,借以可更加有效地处理蒸发气体。
另外,根据本发明的蒸发气体处理系统可防止储罐中压力上升以确保安全并减少蒸发气体浪费,这是因为不必为GCU供应过剩的蒸发气体。
附图说明
图1为典型蒸发气体处理系统的示意图。
图2为根据本发明的一个示范性实施例的蒸发气体处理系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的以上和其它方面、特征以及优点将从结合附图对以下实施例的详细描述中而变得显而易见。
下文将参照附图来详细描述本发明的示范性实施例。应注意,在整个说明书和附图中,类似参考标号将表示类似组件。
根据本发明的蒸发气体处理系统可用于配备有其中产生蒸发气体的LNG储罐的船只或船舶结构中,所述船只或船舶结构例如用于再气化LNG且将天然气供应到陆上的LNG-RV(再气化船只)和LNG-FSRU(浮动存储再气化装置)。
举例来说,众所周知的是,150000m3船只在满载时具有3吨/h到4吨/h的蒸发气体速率,且在压载条件下具有0.3吨/h到0.4吨/h的蒸发气体速率,不过蒸发气体速率视储罐的容量和外部温度而变化。最近,随着蒸发速率BOR(Boil Off Rate)归因于船只隔热性能改进而减小,蒸发气体速率逐渐减小。
然而,由于仍然在储罐中产生大量蒸发气体,所以需要可确保储罐安全和因此船只或船舶结构安全且有效地防止天然气浪费的蒸发气体处理系统。
图1为典型蒸发气体处理系统的示意图。
参考图1,蒸发气体处理系统用于船只或船舶结构中,所述船只或船舶结构例如通过将LNG从储罐T泵送到再冷凝器20的泵P和将LNG压缩到高压的泵30以及汽化器40而将天然气供应到陆上的LNG-RV或LNG-FSRU。在蒸发气体处理系统中,在储罐中产生的蒸发气体通过压缩器10压缩到低压且供应到再冷凝器20。接着,蒸发气体在再冷凝器20中通过来自由泵P从储罐T供应的过冷LNG的冷热而再冷凝。
通过来自LNG的冷热再冷凝蒸发气体的此类蒸发气体处理系统具有如下问题:当待再气化的LNG的量较小时,无法转移足够的冷热到蒸发气体。
图2为根据本发明的一个示范性实施例的已经构想以解决此项技术中的此类问题的BOG处理系统的示意图。
图2中展示的蒸发气体处理系统经配置以处理在船只或船舶结构的LNG储罐T中产生的蒸发气体,且包含用于再气化存储在LNG储罐T中的LNG以供应天然气的再气化线L1,其中再气化线L1配备有用于压缩从再冷凝器(recondenser)100供应的LNG的高压泵200和用于气化通过高压泵200压缩的LNG的汽化器300,使得通过高压泵200和汽化器300在高压下再气化的天然气可供应到陆上GS。
在此实施例中,蒸发气体处理系统包含用于将在LNG储罐T中产生的蒸发气体压缩到高压且在再气化线L1的下游供应蒸发气体的高压压缩线L2。
高压压缩线L2配备有用于将从LNG储罐T供应的蒸发气体压缩到高压的高压压缩器400,且在再气化线L1上的汽化器300的下游供应通过高压压缩器400压缩到高压的蒸发气体。
高压压缩器400可将蒸发气体压缩到通过高压泵200和汽化器300将天然气供应到陆上的压力。
由于如上文所描述,蒸发气体经直接压缩且接着与从LNG再气化的天然气一起供应到陆上,所以甚至在用于再液化蒸发气体的过冷LNG的量较小时仍可有效地处理大量蒸发气体。
另外,由于蒸发气体在通过高压压缩器400压缩时温度增加,所以可通过在汽化器300的下游供应蒸发气体进一步加热经再气化天然气,借此减小汽化器300的热源需求。
在此实施例中,再气化线L1配备有用于从LNG储罐T接收过冷LNG的再冷凝器100,且蒸发气体处理系统包含低压冷凝线L3以用于将在LNG储罐T中产生的蒸发气体压缩到低压并将蒸发气体供应到再冷凝器100,以使得引入到再冷凝器100中的低压压缩蒸发气体可通过与过冷LNG的热交换而冷凝。
低压冷凝线L3配备有用于将从LNG储罐T供应的蒸发气体压缩到低压并将蒸发气体供应到再冷凝器100的低压压缩器500,且LNG储罐T配备有用于将过冷LNG泵送到再冷凝器100的LNG供应泵P。
通过高压压缩线L2对蒸发气体的处理与通过低压冷凝线L3对蒸发气体的处理可同时执行,或可取决于蒸发气体速率、待再气化的LNG的量和类似的而选择性地执行。
举例来说,当待再气化的LNG的量较大且因此可为经压缩蒸发气体的再冷凝供应足够冷热时,蒸发气体可通过低压冷凝线L3再冷凝,而当待再气化的LNG的量较小时,蒸发气体可通过高压压缩线L2经压缩以与经再气化天然气一起直接供应到陆上。
具体来说,由于高压压缩器400需要高功率消耗以将气态蒸发气体压缩到高压,所以在LNG储罐中产生的蒸发气体可压缩到低压且与将通过再冷凝器100再气化的LNG混合以通过来自过冷LNG的冷热而再冷凝,且在通过来自LNG的冷热再冷凝之后剩余的蒸发气体可通过高压压缩器400压缩,且在再气化线上的汽化器的下游供应以与天然气一起供应到陆上,借此有效地处理蒸发气体,同时减小功率消耗。
可通过高压压缩线L2上的高压泵200和高压压缩器400将蒸发气体压缩到50巴(bar)到100巴的压力,而可通过低压冷凝线L3上的低压压缩器500将蒸发气体压缩到2巴到10巴的压力。
蒸发气体处理系统可进一步包含燃料供应管线(未展示),其用于将经压缩蒸发气体从高压压缩线L2和低压冷凝线L3供应到气体消耗装置C1、C2、C3,所述气体消耗装置包含船只或船舶结构的气体引擎、气体燃烧装置(GCU)以及锅炉,使得在通过高压压缩线L2和低压冷凝线L3处理之后剩余的蒸发气体可供应到船只或船舶结构的气体消耗装置C1、C2、C3。
气体消耗装置C1、C2、C3可为气体引擎,例如双燃料柴油电气(DFDE)引擎、三燃料柴油电气(TFDE)引擎以及ME-GI引擎。
本发明的另一方面涉及用于处理在船只或船舶结构的LNG储罐T中产生的蒸发气体的蒸发气体处理方法,其包含:将在LNG储罐T中产生的蒸发气体压缩到高压并在再气化存储在LNG储罐T中的LNG以将天然气供应到陆上的同时将蒸发气体与经再气化天然气一起供应到陆上。
在LNG储罐T中产生的蒸发气体可经压缩到低压并与将经再气化的LNG混合以再冷凝。
根据本发明,有可能提供甚至当待再气化的LNG的量或蒸发气体速率改变时仍可处理大量蒸发气体的蒸发气体处理系统,并减少蒸发气体浪费,这是因为不必为GCU供应过剩的蒸发气体。另外,根据本发明,有可能提供一种可有效地处理蒸发气体并因此可防止储罐中压力上升,借此确保储罐安全以及因此船只或船舶结构安全的蒸发气体处理系统。
尽管本文中已描述一些实施例,但应理解本发明不限于此且所属领域的技术人员可在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下做出各种修改、变化和更改。因此,本发明的范围应仅由所附权利要求书和其等效物来限制。
Claims (2)
1.一种蒸发气体处理方法,用于处理在船只或船舶结构的液化天然气储罐中产生的蒸发气体,其特征在于所述蒸发气体处理方法包括:
将在所述液化天然气储罐中产生的蒸发气体压缩到50巴到100巴的压力并在再气化存储在所述液化天然气储罐中的液化天然气以将天然气供应到陆上的同时将经压缩的所述蒸发气体与经再气化的天然气一起供应到陆上;以及
将在所述液化天然气储罐中产生的所述蒸发气体压缩到2巴到10巴的压力,并将经压缩的所述蒸发气体与待再气化的液化天然气混合以使得经压缩的所述蒸发气体再冷凝,
其中当所述待再气化的液化天然气的量较大且足以为经压缩的所述蒸发气体的再冷凝供应足够冷热时,将所述蒸发气体压缩到2巴到10巴的压力,且当所述待再气化的液化天然气的量较小时,将所述蒸发气体压缩到50巴到100巴的压力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蒸发气体处理方法,还包括:
在将于所述液化天然气储罐中产生的所述蒸发气体压缩到2巴到10巴的压力并将经压缩的所述蒸发气体与待再气化的所述液化天然气混合以使得经压缩的所述蒸发气体再冷凝的同时,将在通过来自所述液化天然气的冷热再冷凝之后剩余的蒸发气体压缩到50巴到100巴的压力,并将经压缩的所述蒸发气体与所述经再气化天然气一起供应到陆上。
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