CN106021887A - Health evaluation method for river mouth and bay ecological system - Google Patents
Health evaluation method for river mouth and bay ecological system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a health evaluation method for a river mouth and bay ecological system. The method comprises the following steps of establishing a river mouth and bay ecological environment evaluation index system, determining an ecological environment evaluation index and weights of evaluation factors thereof, detecting and collecting the data of each evaluation factor of the ecological environment evaluation index and computing an index evaluation value, computing a water environment ecological index evaluation value of each station, computing a sea area evaluation value, and computing a health index of the river mouth and bay ecological system. An evaluation result obtained by using the evaluation method of the invention can basically reflect the pressure on an offshore area ecological system caused by relatively large artificial disturbances, including discharge to the sea, artificial breeding and petroleum pollutions, meanwhile can also reflect main pollution risk factors, and also plays a certain forewarning role with respect to potential pollutant factors, thus having a certain reference value and significance for reference, and being capable of providing scientific bases and guidance information to future ecological protection and management of the river mouth and bay ecological system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to river mouth and bay evaluation on Ecosystem Health method.
Background technology
Coerced increasing along with ecological environment by mankind's activity and environmental pollution, in recent years ecosystem health
Research has obtained the concern of more and more research worker, it has also become one of focus that ecological and environmental area is studied.Ecosystem
Provide the multiple service of the aspect such as natural resources and living environment for the mankind, be the existence maintaining life on earth.Ensure ecology
The health of system is the premise that the mankind obtain multiple service constantly, is also one of mankind's reason paying close attention to ecosystem health.
Ecosystem health brings a kind of brand-new method of thinking and target to environmental management, and it is with the eye of wholism
Light goes to treat the disease of ecosystem, it is intended to treats with comprehensive, overall systematic analytic method or prevents these diseases, and abandoning
With the most that treating the head when the head aches, the passive thinking tradition of foot pain doctor's foot.Ecosystem is given, necessarily by " healthy " this concept
Also can arouse the public's higher environmental protection enthusiasm in degree, be also convenient for the exchange between research worker, policymaker and the public.But at present
Can the problem still having some essence not yet have been resolved (such as: define a healthy reference state？Ecosystem health
And the relation between human health, the standard etc. of ecosystem health), the substance which prevent ecosystem health research is sent out
Exhibition.
Health is the concept with Scale Dependency.Ecosystem health is real as an interdisciplinary science and ecology
Trample, its object is to objective metric ecosystem health level, thus provide relative correct countermeasure for relevant departments with the public
With method, but because the complexity of ecosystem and multiformity, it is impossible to using a certain specific targets (such as initial condition) as
Reference.Compare at present the ecosystem health standard approved have following some: 1. to the ecosystem with serious harm
System coerces syndrome certain resistance；2. there is restoring force, can be from artificial or naturally normal interference is recovered；
3. in the case of not putting into, also can maintain ecological balance, there is self-sustaining ability；4. other system of pair periphery will not be made
One-tenth is coerced；Do not affected by risk factor；6. economically feasible；7. can maintain the mankind and other biocenological health.
River mouth typically refers to the confluence of river ecosystem (fresh water) and marine ecosystems (sea water).Estuary water
Territory is the region that river mixes mutually with sea water, seawater salinity is thin out.Due to substantial amounts of fresh water and the injection of terrigenous clastic rock, river in addition
Mouth ecological factor is complicated and changeable, defines the estuarine classification ecosystem of uniqueness.Salt-fresh water converges and direct or indirect tide
Impact is the basic habitat characteristics of estuarine ecosystems.Due to the special physico chemical factor in habitat, river mouth, estuarine organism has extensively
Salt, eurythermic, Low DO tolerance and the feature based on chip feeding habits.These have significantly at the biology of river mouth life for a long time
Meeting market's demand, they can be hidden the most changeable abiotic factor, can make full use of again external condition, pass through in overall situation
Self build relative stable, a favourable microhabitat with metabolic activity, this is one of estuarine ecosystems estuarine organism
Key character.
Bay is the part that land is stretched in ocean, belongs to the subsystem of marine ecosystems.Bay is located in fringe of land, is
Go deep into land and form the marine site that obvious water is bent.The line of two, gulf mouth opposition cape is the demarcation line in bay and sea.The water in bay
Literary composition is by the joint effect of the factors such as tide, trend and littoral runoff outside gulf.The temperature in bay, salinity depend primarily on solar radiation
Inject with littoral fresh water, but outside gulf, Tides And Tidal Currents etc. also produce impact to it.Bay area is due to unique landform and footpath, earth's surface
The environmental factorss such as stream, make seawater in bay and deposit Middle nutrition salt and organic debris of a relatively high.This growth being biological is numerous
Grow the condition well that creates, and make waters, bay have the higher level of the productive forces, many marine organisms thus bay is made
For spawning ground and nursing ground.But the change of bay water environment condition is acutely, and animals and plants fauna composition is fairly simple.
The exploitation in river mouth, bay is had a long history by the mankind, is that economics of population activity is most frequent, population is the densest
One of area.The closest with the relation of the mankind, the most maximum by the level of disruption of the mankind.At present to river mouth and the profit of Bay area
Mainly have by mode: Climacteric symptoms exploitation, Ports And Waterways transport, fish for aquaculture and coastal industry etc..Along with riparian land
District's urbanization and process of industrialization are accelerated, and the impact on river mouth, bay ecological environment is increasingly severe, part river mouth, bay life
Significantly degenerating occurs in state system.
Summary of the invention
The present invention utilizes change and the spatial and temporal distributions of each ecological key element of field monitoring immediate offshore area, primary study typical case sea
Territory provincial characteristics and transition rule, in conjunction with historical summary, study the characterizing method of safeguard of coast and marine ecological system health status, health
Situation rank division method, sets up safeguard of coast and marine ecological system health assessment method.
River mouth and bay evaluation on Ecosystem Health method, it is characterised in that described health assessment method includes following step
Rapid:
(1) building the Evaluation Index System of Ecological Environment in river mouth and bay, Ecology Environment Evaluation index is ecological by water environment
Index, water environment toxicological parameters, depositional environment health indicator, organism quality health index and biome health indicator group
Become；
The evaluation points of described water environment ecological index mainly includes dissolved oxygen, inorganic nitrogen, reactive phosphate；Described water ring
The evaluation points of border toxicological parameters mainly includes float, COD, petroleum-type and heavy metal；Described depositional environment is healthy
The evaluation points of index mainly includes sulfide, organic carbon, petroleum-type and heavy metal；Commenting of described organism quality health index
The valency factor mainly includes biconjugate chlorphenyl trichloroethane, petroleum-type and heavy metal；The evaluation of described biome health indicator because of
Son mainly includes chlorophyll a, phytoplankton structure, Zooplankton Community structure, benthic community structure；
(2) weight of Ecology Environment Evaluation index and evaluation points thereof is determined；As shown in the table:
(3) detect and collect the data of each evaluation points of Ecology Environment Evaluation index, comment according to following form parameter
It is worth；
A. river mouth and bay water environment ecological index, weight and evaluation of estimate:
B. river mouth and bay water environment toxicological parameters, weight and evaluation of estimate:
C. depositional environment evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate:
D. the evaluation index of organism quality, weight and evaluation of estimate
The most biocenological evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate；
E1. river mouth, the Bohai Sea, bay biome evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate；
E2. MATTER IN CHANGJIANG ESTUARY biome evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate
E3. Hangzhou Bay biome evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate
E4. Min Donghekou, bay biome evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate
The computational methods of metrics evaluation value:
A. the 1st class is belonged to, then: W=100 when the measured value of evaluation index；
B. the 3rd class is belonged to, then: W=0 when the measured value of evaluation index；
C. the 2nd class is belonged to, then when the measured value of evaluation index:
Y1＞ Y3Calculate by formula (1):
Y1＜ Y3Calculate by formula (2):
In formula: W i-th erect-position q item evaluation index evaluation of estimate；
XiqThe measured value of i-th erect-position q item evaluation index；
Y11st class standard limit value of q item evaluation index；
Y33rd class standard limit value of q item evaluation index；
(4) the water environment ecological index evaluation of estimate of single erect-position is calculated；
The evaluation of estimate of single erect-position is calculated by formula (3):
In formula: W i-th erect-position q item evaluation index evaluation of estimate；
CqQ item evaluation criterion weight；
M evaluation region one class evaluation index sum；
(5) marine site evaluation of estimate is calculated；
The evaluation of estimate in marine site is calculated by formula (4):
In formula: WiI-th erect-position evaluation of estimate；
N evaluation region monitor spots sum；
SiThe investigation oceanic area that i-th erect-position represents；
SiThe investigation marine site gross area；
(6) river mouth and bay ecosystem health index are calculated；
Ecosystem health index is calculated by formula (5):
In formula: CEH environmental health index；
WindxI-th class index health index；
AiI-th class index weights coefficient；
P evaluation index number of groups；
According to CEH evaluation ecosystem health situation:
A. as CEH > 80 time, ecosystem is in health status；
B. < during CEH≤80, ecosystem is in basic health status when 70；
C. < during CEH≤70, ecosystem is in sub-health state when 60；
D. < during CEH≤60, ecosystem is in unhealthy condition when 50；
E., when CEH≤50, ecosystem is in pole unhealthy condition.
Ecosystem evaluation it is critical only that index system establishment.The structure of index system is mainly selecting index and index
Between the tissue of structural relation.River mouth and the complexity of bay ecosystem health component content, determine its ecosystem and be good for
Health assessment indicator system will be a target, the index system of multi-level hierarchical structure form.
About the design of evaluation index, the present invention is mainly from the standpoint of several: characterize river mouth and bay ecosystem
Potential risk and coerce pressure；Characterize the pollution level of marine environment；Characterize the marine environment response to polluting.To history number
On the basis of the analysis with field investigation result, with reference to relevant evaluation method, in conjunction with documents and materials, from biome, water ring
Border ecological index, water environment toxicological parameters, depositional environment and five sub-system aspects of organism quality, construct river mouth and bay
The index system of evaluation on Ecosystem Health.
The present invention is to river mouth and the selecting index of bay evaluation on Ecosystem Health, index system establishment mode and evaluation
The aspects such as method and evaluation criterion selection are studied, and construct complete, a workable immediate offshore area ecological
System health assessment indicator system and evaluation methodology.
The evaluation result utilizing the evaluation methodology of the present invention to obtain can reflect bigger artificial disturbance, substantially including entering
The pressure that safeguard of coast and marine ecological system is caused by sea blowdown, artificial cultivation, Petroleum concentration etc., also can reflect main dirt simultaneously
Dye risks and assumptions, also provides certain forewarning function to the potential pollutant factor.Above research work has certain ginseng
Examine value and reference, can be that ecological protection and the management work of river mouth and bay ecosystem from now on provides scientific basis
And tutorial message.
Detailed description of the invention
One, the Evaluation Index System of Ecological Environment in river mouth and bay is built.
Ecology Environment Evaluation index is by water environment ecological index, water environment toxicological parameters, depositional environment health indicator, biology
Weight health indicator and biome health indicator composition；
The evaluation points of described water environment ecological index mainly includes dissolved oxygen, inorganic nitrogen, reactive phosphate；Described water ring
The evaluation points of border toxicological parameters mainly includes float, COD, petroleum-type and heavy metal；Described depositional environment is healthy
The evaluation points of index mainly includes sulfide, organic carbon, petroleum-type and heavy metal；Commenting of described organism quality health index
The valency factor mainly includes biconjugate chlorphenyl trichloroethane, petroleum-type and heavy metal；The evaluation of described biome health indicator because of
Son mainly includes chlorophyll a, phytoplankton structure, Zooplankton Community structure, benthic community structure.
1, water environment ecological index subsystem
Water environment ecological index specifically includes that dissolved oxygen, inorganic nitrogen, reactive phosphate.The water environment ecological index such as nitrogen, phosphorus
Relatively small to hydrobiological toxicological effect, its harm essentially consists in and promotes that the growth of algae breaks out wawter bloom, thus causes
The destruction (Zheng Ping Hui etc., 2013) of hydrobiological death and aquatic ecosystem.
1.1 dissolved oxygen: owing to sea surface is in close contact with air, water body upper strata dissolved oxygen concentration is by ocean current water
While flat, vertical convection and the exchange impact of vertical ocean-atmosphere interface, also by photosynthesis and the respiratory shadow of phytoplankton
Ring.The changes in distribution of Dissolved Oxygen in Seawater content and partial pressure of oxygen, ocean temperature and salinity, chemical process, bioprocess in air
And hydrodynamic force etc. is factor-related.Dissolved oxygen is all hydrobiological primary demands.Generally, large-scale breakout of red tide deposits to water
The end, owing to bottom antibacterial consumes oxygen when they degraded algae substances, cause the low dissolved oxygen environments of bottom water body.Water body
Dissolved oxygen in bottom environment is often in relatively low level, thus the change of dissolved oxygen is easier to zoobenthos is produced shadow
Ring.
1.2 inorganic nitrogens: inorganic nitrogen refers to the general name of NO2-N, NO3-N and the NH4-N that can be assimilated by sea-plant in sea water,
Inorganic nitrogen is also referred to as " active nitrogen " or " three nitrogen ".Nitrogen is to constitute marine organism internal protein, amino acid whose key component.In sea water
Inorganic nitrogen compound assimilates as the aminoacid in plant cell.Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen includes nitrate, nitrite and ammonium salt, three
Plant material to be absorbed with close speed by phytoplankton.
1.3 reactive phosphates: phosphorus is element necessary to marine phytoplankton growth and breeding, are also primary productivity of marine ecosystem
With the material base of food chain, marine organisms activity simultaneously has significantly affected again content and the distribution of phosphorus in sea water.Chapter 2
Result of study shows, inorganic nitrogen, reactive phosphate are to affect Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent sea areas phytoplankton, macrobenthos group
Fall the important ecological factor changed.Field investigation and simulation experiment all show, changing of nutritive salt input can be to phytoplankton
Cell abundance and structure of community produce impact.Body eutrophication can affect structure of community and the distribution of zoobenthos, medium journey
The Assessment of Organic Pollution of degree can cause benthon to be all higher than in terms of species richness, abundance and Biomass by highly polluted or low
The region of horizontal Assessment of Organic Pollution.
2, water environment toxicological parameters subsystem
2.1 float: Suspended Matter in Water directly influences the light transmission of water body, direct with the photosynthesis of phytoplankton
Relevant.The important factor of primary productivity is affected often at immediate offshore area concentration of suspension.Research shows: Hangzhou Wan is in river
The strong mixing of water-diluted water interface water body, the input of suspension bed sediment and the settling flux of bottom sediment define Hangzhou Wan
Maximum turbidity band, causes that transparency is little, euphotic layer is shallow, and light becomes the main limiting factor increased into phytoplankton, although
Nutritive salt is the abundantest, and phytoplankton can not be effectively utilized.Float causes the decline of transparency to the absorption of light and scattering,
These factors may limit the growth of phytoplankton, and then has influence on the zoobenthos being food with phytoplankton.
2.1 CODs: the index that COD (COD) is often how many as weighing Organic substance in water matter content.
Its value is the biggest, illustrates that water body is the most serious by organic pollution.
2.2 petroleum-type: when the petroleum hydrocarbon in sea water reaches to a certain degree, can kill aquatile, destroy seabeach, permanent
Property ground destroy wetland.Main source has exhaust combustion gases, overflow and incline useless, underground oil storage container leakage, urban runoff etc..
2.3 heavy metals: so-called heavy metal, generally refer to density more than 4.0g/cm3Metallic element.Such as copper (Cu), lead
(Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), hydrargyrum (Hg), chromium (Cr) etc..It addition, arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) is not although being metallic element purely,
But its many physics, chemical property are similar with metal, thus are referred to as metalloid.These heavy metals (include metalloid)
Mostly having stronger geochemical activity and biological activity, and concentration is the lowest in the seawater, its order of magnitude is all at μ g/kg extremely
Ng/kg level, therefore, mankind's activity or the input process of natural geological activity (as movable in industrial or agricultural blowdown and submarine volcano) and
Absorption, precipitation and the output procedure of biological uptake, all can make its content in the seawater that the change of obvious relative property occurs.
The heavy metal such as copper, lead, as a class persistency and bioaccumulation contact scar thing, is one of topmost pollutant in paralic environment.
Artificial source mainly trade effluent, the discharge of mine wastewater and the loss of heavy metal pesticide, the coal of heavy metal pollution in ocean
The heavy metal discharged in burning with oil enters ocean through the carrying of air.
3, deposit index subsystem
For immediate offshore area, a main environmental problem is the enrichment of toxic chemical pollutant in deposit.From
In city, agriculture and industrial various metals and Organic substance (such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Polychlorinated biphenyls and insecticide) be discharged into offshore
Water body, pollutant are attracted on suspended particulate substance, and are finally carried in deposit accumulation.These pollutant can break
Rascal includes invertebrates, shellfish and crustacean interior benthic community, and is enriched with in vivo, then passes through
Other biological (including the mankind) is caused disaster by food chain.Deposit index mainly includes sulfide, organic carbon, petroleum-type and weight
9, metal etc.:
3.1 sulfide: sulfur is a kind of element that nature is widely present, and plays an important role in organism metabolism, deposition
In thing, the diversity index of sulfide has considerable meaning for the sustainable development of the seabed ecological environment of sea-farming
Justice.
3.2 organic carbons (TOC): though TOC naturally occurring in Functions of Near-shore Sediments, mankind's activity (such as has engineer's workshop
Waste water, untreated or only preliminary treatment waste water) can the concentration level of TOC in significantly raised deposit.Offshore water area deposition
TOC in thing is typically some ends and dwells the food source of organic-biological, and in deposit, high-caliber TOC can result in benthon
The obvious change of structure of community.
The explanation of 3.3 petroleum-type is with water environment toxicological parameters.
3.4 heavy metals: along with day by day increasing the weight of of immediate offshore area heavy metal pollution, the content of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediment is
Become the important envirment factor (strict Fructus Mume etc., 2003) affecting macrobenthos growth.By ingesting and tissue resorption, environment
In heavy metal element enter in macrobenthos body, and transmitted formation enrichment step by step by food chain, to marine ecosystem system
Healthy and stable or even the human health of system constitutes bigger threat.
4, organism quality index subsystem
4.1DDT: be again clofenotane, chemical entitled biconjugate chlorphenyl trichloroethane.DDT the most very difficult degradation, and
Can accumulate in Animal fat, DDT enters food chain, is the bird causing some food meat and the ichthyophagy main cause close to extinction.
After the seventies, DDT is gradually prohibited production by countries in the world and uses.
The explanation of 4.2 petroleum-type and heavy metal is with water environment toxicological parameters.
5, biome index subsystem
5.1 chlorophyll as: marine phytoplankton is the primary producer of marine organisms, are also in marine food web frame
Basic link, marine ecosystems material circulate and energy conversion process in play an important role, its chlorophyll-a concentration
Value reflects the standing crop of waters primary producer, and it is the fertile lean degree in marine site and the direct indicator that can bring up living resources, with
Sample also can reflect the height of sea area primary productivity indirectly.
5.2 phytoplankton structures: marine phytoplankton is most important primary producer in marine ecosystems, it
Start the food web in ocean, play to closing weight in energy Flow, material circulation and the information transmission of marine ecosystems
The effect wanted.In marine ecosystems, Species Diversity of Phytoplankton is the most relevant with more than ecosystem 3 functions,
For prominent be that the multiformity of phytoplankton has close relationship with the stability of marine ecosystems.
5.3 Zooplankton Community structures: marine zooplankton is one of main secondary production person in ocean, its kind group
One-tenth, distributed number and Population fluctuation directly or indirectly restrict the development of fecundity of the sea, at the knot of marine ecosystems
Structure and function play important regulating and controlling effect.
5.4 benthic community structures: benthon is to use the widest indicator species in biological monitoring, not only due to it
Be the basic food of many Fish, decompose at Organic substance and Nutrient cycle play an important role, also as benthon tool
There is less mobility, described habitat can be had stronger representativeness；Life cycle is shorter, can quickly by population and
The change of group's reflection environment.
Two, the determination of index system weighted value；
In view of the complexity of marine ecosystems health system, multi-stratification, therefore the present invention mainly uses step analysis
Method (AHP) determines the weight of marine ecology health assessment indicators.
On the basis of setting up health assessment indicators system, every evaluation points is carried out weights analysis, make each evaluation because of
There is between son comparability, determine the status of upper level index system according to the high low value of they weights, thus by each health
Evaluation points comprehensively draws ecosystem health index.
The weight of each evaluation points is shown in Table 3-4-1.
The weight of each evaluation points of table 3-4-1
Three, water environment ecological index is evaluated
(1) determination of inorganic nitrogen standard value
The inorganic nitrogen standard value in immediate offshore area river mouth and bay is set as by the present invention: the 1st class (health status standard value)
≤ 0.20mg/L, the 3rd class (pole unhealthy condition standard value) >=1.00mg/L；The inorganic nitrogen standard value of immediate offshore area is set as:
1st class (health status standard value)≤0.20mg/L, the 3rd class (pole unhealthy condition standard value) >=0.50mg/L.
(2) determination of reactive phosphate standard value
The reactive phosphate standard value of immediate offshore area river mouth and bay ecosystem is set as by the present invention: the 1st class is (healthy
Status criteria value)≤0.010mg/L, the 3rd class (pole unhealthy condition standard value) >=0.10mg/L；By the active phosphorus of immediate offshore area
Hydrochlorate standard value is set as: the 1st class (health status standard value)≤0.010mg/L, the 3rd class (pole unhealthy condition standard value) >=
0.045mg/L。
(3) determination of dissolved oxygen standard value
The dissolved oxygen standard value in river mouth, bay is all set as by this evaluation methodology: the 1st class (health status standard value) >
5.0mg/L, the 3rd class (pole unhealthy condition standard value) < 2.0mg/L.The dissolved oxygen standard value of immediate offshore area is all set as: the
1 class (health status standard value)>6.0mg/L, the 3rd class (pole unhealthy condition standard value)<2.0mg/L.
River mouth and bay water environment ecological index, weight and evaluation of estimate are shown in Table 3-5-1.
Table 3-5-1 river mouth and bay water environment ecological index, weight and evaluation of estimate
The calculating of metrics evaluation value:
A. the 1st class is belonged to, then: W=100 when the measured value of evaluation index；
B. the 3rd class is belonged to, then: W=0 when the measured value of evaluation index；
C. the 2nd class is belonged to, then when the measured value of evaluation index:
Y1＞ Y3Calculate by formula (1):
Y1＜ Y3Calculate by formula (2):
In formula: W i-th erect-position q item evaluation index evaluation of estimate；
XiqThe measured value of i-th erect-position q item evaluation index；
Y11st class standard limit value of q item evaluation index；
Y33rd class standard limit value of q item evaluation index.
Single erect-position water environment ecological index is evaluated
The evaluation of estimate of single erect-position is calculated by formula (3), and the water environment ecological index Assessment for classification standard of single erect-position is shown in Table
3-5-2。
In formula: W i-th erect-position q item evaluation index evaluation of estimate；
CqQ item evaluation criterion weight；
M evaluation region one class evaluation index sum.
The water environment ecological index Assessment for classification standard of the single erect-position of table 3-5-2
Seawater environment ecological index is evaluated
The water environment ecological index Assessment for classification standard in table 3-5-3 marine site
In formula: WiI-th erect-position evaluation of estimate；
N evaluation region monitor spots sum；
SiThe investigation oceanic area that i-th erect-position represents；
SiThe investigation marine site gross area.
The water environment ecological index Assessment for classification standard in marine site is shown in Table 5-3.
The adjustment of seawater environment ecological index evaluation of estimate: when 80 < marine site evaluations of estimate, but Environmental Health is evaluated as typically,
Then marine site evaluation of estimate is adjusted to 80；When 50 < marine site evaluations of estimate, but Environmental Health is evaluated as poor, then marine site evaluation of estimate is adjusted to
50。
Four, water environment toxicological parameters is evaluated
(1) determination of float standard value
The suspension content standard value of immediate offshore area river mouth and bay ecosystem is set as by the present invention: the 1st class is (healthy
Status criteria value)≤20mg/L, the 3rd class (pole unhealthy condition standard value) >=150mg/L；By the suspension content of immediate offshore area
Standard value is set as: the 1st class (health status standard value)≤10mg/L, the 3rd class (pole unhealthy condition standard value) >=110mg/
L。
(2) COD (COD)
The COD standard value of immediate offshore area river mouth and bay ecosystem is set as by the present invention: the 1st class (health status mark
Quasi-value)≤2mg/L, the 3rd class (pole unhealthy condition standard value) >=6mg/L；The COD standard value of immediate offshore area is set as: the 1st
Class (health status standard value)≤2mg/L, the 3rd class (pole unhealthy condition standard value) >=5mg/L.
(3) petroleum-type
The petroleum-type standard value of river mouth, bay and safeguard of coast and marine ecological system is all set as by the present invention: the 1st class is (healthy
Status criteria value)≤50 μ g/L, the 3rd class (pole unhealthy condition standard value) >=500 μ g/L.
(4) heavy metal copper, lead, hydrargyrum, arsenic
The heavy metal standard value of river mouth, bay and safeguard of coast and marine ecological system is all set as by this research:
Copper: the 1st class (health status standard value)<0.005mg/L, the 3rd class (pole unhealthy condition standard value)>=
0.050mg/L。
Lead: the 1st class (health status standard value)<0.001mg/L, the 3rd class (pole unhealthy condition standard value)>=0.05mg/
L。
Hydrargyrum: the 1st class (health status standard value)<0.00005mg/L, the 3rd class (pole unhealthy condition standard value)>=
0.0005mg/L。
Arsenic: the 1st class (health status standard value)<0.02mg/L, the 3rd class (pole unhealthy condition standard value)>=0.05mg/
L。
Water environment toxicological parameters, weight and evaluation of estimate are shown in Table 3-5-4.Single metrics evaluation value calculate see formula (1) and
(2), single erect-position evaluation of estimate calculates and sees that formula (3), the calculating of marine site evaluation of estimate are shown in formula (4).
Table 3-5-4 river mouth and bay water environment toxicological parameters, weight and evaluation of estimate
The water environment toxicological parameters Assessment for classification standard of the single erect-position of table 3-5-5
The adjustment of the water environment toxicological parameters evaluation of estimate of single erect-position: when 80 < erect-position evaluations of estimate, but water environment health assessment
For typically, then erect-position evaluation of estimate is adjusted to 80；When 50 < erect-position evaluations of estimate, but water environment health assessment is poor, then erect-position evaluation
Value is adjusted to 50.
Seawater environment toxicological parameters is evaluated
The water environment toxicological parameters Assessment for classification standard in marine site is shown in Table 3-5-6.
The water environment toxicological parameters Assessment for classification standard in table 3-5-6 marine site
The adjustment of seawater environment toxicological parameters evaluation of estimate: when 80 < marine site evaluations of estimate, but water environment toxicological parameters is evaluated as
Typically, then marine site evaluation of estimate is adjusted to 80；When 50 < marine site evaluations of estimate, but water environment toxicological parameters is evaluated as poor, then marine site is commented
Value adjustment is 50.
Five, depositional environment health assessment
Depositional environment evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate are shown in Table 3-5-7.Single metrics evaluation value calculate see formula (1) and
(2), single erect-position evaluation of estimate calculates and sees that formula (3), the calculating of marine site evaluation of estimate are shown in formula (4).The depositional environment of single erect-position
Assessment for classification standard is shown in Table 3-5-8.The depositional environment Assessment for classification standard in marine site is shown in Table 3-5-9.
Depositional environment evaluation index has sulfide, organic carbon, petroleum-type, heavy metal etc. 9, and indices the 1st class is (healthy
Status criteria value), the 3rd class (pole unhealthy condition standard value) standard value be respectively adopted National Standard of the People's Republic of China " sea
Ocean sediment quality " first kind of respective item, Equations of The Second Kind standard value (table 3-5-7) in (GB18669-2002).
Table 3-5-7 depositional environment evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate
The depositional environment Assessment for classification standard of the single erect-position of table 3-5-8
The adjustment of the depositional environment evaluation of estimate of single erect-position: when 80 < erect-position evaluations of estimate, but depositional environment is evaluated as typically,
Then erect-position evaluation of estimate is adjusted to 80；When 50 < erect-position evaluations of estimate, but depositional environment is evaluated as poor, then erect-position evaluation of estimate is adjusted to
50。
The depositional environment Assessment for classification standard in table 3-5-9 marine site
The adjustment of marine site depositional environment evaluation of estimate: when 80 < marine site evaluations of estimate, but depositional environment is evaluated as typically, then marine site
Evaluation of estimate is adjusted to 80；When 50 < marine site evaluations of estimate, but depositional environment is evaluated as poor, then marine site evaluation of estimate is adjusted to 50.
Six, organism quality health is evaluated
Being that environmental monitoring is biological with seashells (lamellibranchiata), the evaluation index of organism quality, weight and evaluation of estimate are shown in
Table 3-5-10.Single metrics evaluation value calculates sees that formula (1) and (2), single erect-position evaluation of estimate calculate and see that formula (3), marine site are commented
Formula (4) is shown in the calculating being worth.The organism quality health Assessment for classification standard of single erect-position is shown in Table 3-5-11.The biology in marine site
Weight health assessment grade scale is shown in Table 3-5-12.
Organism quality evaluation index has clofenotane, petroleum-type, heavy metal etc. 7, indices the 1st class (health status
Standard value), the 3rd class (pole unhealthy condition standard value) be respectively adopted National Standard of the People's Republic of China's " marine organisms quality
Standard " first kind of respective item, Equations of The Second Kind standard value (table 3-5-10) in (GB18421-2001).
Evaluation index, weight and the evaluation of estimate of table 3-5-10 organism quality
The organism quality evaluation grade scale of the single erect-position of table 3-5-11
The adjustment of the organism quality evaluation value of single erect-position: when 80 < erect-position evaluations of estimate, but organism quality evaluation is one
As, then erect-position evaluation of estimate is adjusted to 80；When 50 < erect-position evaluations of estimate, but organism quality evaluation is poor, then erect-position evaluation of estimate is adjusted
Whole is 50.
The organism quality evaluation grade scale in table 3-5-12 marine site
The adjustment of marine site organism quality evaluation value: when 80 < marine site evaluations of estimate, and organism quality evaluation is general, then
Marine site evaluation of estimate is adjusted to 80；When 50 < marine site evaluations of estimate, and organism quality evaluation is poor, then marine site evaluation of estimate is adjusted to
50。
Seven, biome health assessment
The present invention is in the historical record of systematic analysis immediate offshore area main ecological index and domestic and international relevant criterion
On the basis of, under state preferable to history, the biome index of immediate offshore area is analyzed, and has primarily determined that each biome
The evaluation limit value of index.Biome evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate are shown in Table 3-5-13,3-5-14 and 3-5-15.Single finger
Mark evaluation of estimate calculates sees that formula (1) and (2), single erect-position evaluation of estimate calculate and see that formula is shown in formula (3), the calculating of marine site evaluation of estimate
(4).The biome Assessment for classification standard of single erect-position is shown in Table 3-5-16.The biome Assessment for classification standard in marine site is shown in Table 3-
5-17。
River mouth, the table 3-5-16 Bohai Sea, bay biome evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate
Table 3-5-17 MATTER IN CHANGJIANG ESTUARY biome evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate
Table 3-5-18 Hangzhou Bay biome evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate
Table 3-5-19 Min Donghekou, bay biome evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate
The biological assessment grade scale of the single erect-position of table 3-5-20
The adjustment of the biome evaluation of estimate of single erect-position: when 80 < erect-position evaluations of estimate, but biome is evaluated as typically,
Then erect-position evaluation of estimate is adjusted to 80；When 50 < erect-position evaluations of estimate, but biome is evaluated as poor, then erect-position evaluation of estimate is adjusted to
50。
The biome Assessment for classification standard in table 3-5-21 marine site
The adjustment of marine site biome evaluation of estimate: when 80 < marine site evaluations of estimate, and biome is evaluated as typically, then marine site
Evaluation of estimate is adjusted to 80；When 50 < marine site evaluations of estimate, and biome is evaluated as poor, then marine site evaluation of estimate is adjusted to 50.
Eight, river mouth, bay evaluation on Ecosystem Health
Ecosystem health index is calculated by formula (5):
In formula: CEH environmental health index；
WindxI-th class index health index；
AiI-th class index weights coefficient；
P evaluation index number of groups.
The weight coefficient of table 3-5-22 evaluation index monoid
According to CEH evaluation ecosystem health situation:
A. as CEH > 80 time, ecosystem is in health status；
B. < during CEH≤80, ecosystem is in basic health status when 70；
C. < during CEH≤70, ecosystem is in sub-health state when 60；
D. < during CEH≤60, ecosystem is in unhealthy condition when 50；
E., when CEH≤50, ecosystem is in pole unhealthy condition.
Nine, ecosystem health amplitude classification
Ecosystem health changed condition amplitude is divided into 4 grades, i.e. without significant change, be slightly changed (good or poor), substantially become
Change (good or poor), notable change (good or poor), be shown in Table 3-5-23.
Table 3-5-23 safeguard of coast and marine ecological system changes in health degree classification
The present invention is to river mouth and the selecting index of bay evaluation on Ecosystem Health, index system establishment mode and evaluation
The aspects such as method and evaluation criterion selection are studied, and construct complete, a workable immediate offshore area ecological
System health assessment indicator system and evaluation methodology.
The evaluation result utilizing the evaluation methodology of the present invention to obtain can reflect bigger artificial disturbance, substantially including entering
The pressure that safeguard of coast and marine ecological system is caused by sea blowdown, artificial cultivation, Petroleum concentration etc., also can reflect main dirt simultaneously
Dye risks and assumptions, also provides certain forewarning function to the potential pollutant factor, has certain reference value and reference
Meaning, can be that ecological protection and the management work of river mouth and bay ecosystem from now on provides scientific basis and tutorial message.
Claims (1)
1. river mouth and bay evaluation on Ecosystem Health method, it is characterised in that described health assessment method comprises the following steps:
(1) build the Evaluation Index System of Ecological Environment in river mouth and bay, Ecology Environment Evaluation index by water environment ecological index,
Water environment toxicological parameters, depositional environment health indicator, organism quality health index and biome health indicator composition；
The evaluation points of described water environment ecological index mainly includes dissolved oxygen, inorganic nitrogen, reactive phosphate；Described water environment poison
The evaluation points of reason index mainly includes float, COD, petroleum-type and heavy metal；Described depositional environment health indicator
Evaluation points mainly include sulfide, organic carbon, petroleum-type and heavy metal；The evaluation of described organism quality health index because of
Son mainly includes biconjugate chlorphenyl trichloroethane, petroleum-type and heavy metal；The evaluation points master of described biome health indicator
Chlorophyll a to be included, phytoplankton structure, Zooplankton Community structure, benthic community structure；
(2) weight of Ecology Environment Evaluation index and evaluation points thereof is determined；As shown in the table:
(3) detect and collect the data of each evaluation points of Ecology Environment Evaluation index, according to following form parameter evaluation of estimate；
A. river mouth and bay water environment ecological index, weight and evaluation of estimate:
B. river mouth and bay water environment toxicological parameters, weight and evaluation of estimate:
C. depositional environment evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate:
D. the evaluation index of organism quality, weight and evaluation of estimate
The most biocenological evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate；
E1. river mouth, the Bohai Sea, bay biome evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate；
E2. MATTER IN CHANGJIANG ESTUARY biome evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate
E3. Hangzhou Bay biome evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate
E4. Min Donghekou, bay biome evaluation index, weight and evaluation of estimate
The computational methods of metrics evaluation value:
A. the 1st class is belonged to, then: W=100 when the measured value of evaluation index；
B. the 3rd class is belonged to, then: W=0 when the measured value of evaluation index；
C. the 2nd class is belonged to, then when the measured value of evaluation index:
Y1＞ Y3Calculate by formula (1):
Y1＜ Y3Calculate by formula (2):
In formula: W i-th erect-position q item evaluation index evaluation of estimate；
XiqThe measured value of i-th erect-position q item evaluation index；
Y11st class standard limit value of q item evaluation index；
Y33rd class standard limit value of q item evaluation index；
(4) the water environment ecological index evaluation of estimate of single erect-position is calculated；
The evaluation of estimate of single erect-position is calculated by formula (3):
In formula: W i-th erect-position q item evaluation index evaluation of estimate；
CqQ item evaluation criterion weight；
M evaluation region one class evaluation index sum；
(5) marine site evaluation of estimate is calculated；
The evaluation of estimate in marine site is calculated by formula (4):
In formula: WiI-th erect-position evaluation of estimate；
N evaluation region monitor spots sum；
SiThe investigation oceanic area that i-th erect-position represents；
SiThe investigation marine site gross area；
(6) river mouth and bay ecosystem health index are calculated；
Ecosystem health index is calculated by formula (5):
In formula: CEH environmental health index；
WindxI-th class index health index；
AiI-th class index weights coefficient；
P evaluation index number of groups；
According to CEH evaluation ecosystem health situation:
A. as CEH > 80 time, ecosystem is in health status；
B. < during CEH≤80, ecosystem is in basic health status when 70；
C. < during CEH≤70, ecosystem is in sub-health state when 60；
D. < during CEH≤60, ecosystem is in unhealthy condition when 50；
E., when CEH≤50, ecosystem is in pole unhealthy condition.
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| CN106530133A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-03-22 | 山东省城市供排水水质监测中心 | Lake and reservoir type water source water quality evaluation method based on comprehensive water quality index method |
| CN106548015A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-29 | 中国环境科学研究院 | A kind of screening of Assessment of wetland ecosystem health index system and Weight Determination |
| CN106778013A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-31 | 钦州学院 | A kind of integrated evaluating method of offshore sea waters ecological environment |
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