CN109886607A - A kind of waterway engineering eco-environmental impact multi-layer comprehensive index system framework - Google Patents
A kind of waterway engineering eco-environmental impact multi-layer comprehensive index system framework Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
It is proposed a kind of waterway engineering eco-environmental impact multi-layer comprehensive index system framework, belong to Eco-environmental Impact Assessment technical field, its four levels have inclusion relation step by step, include 4 kinds of influence in-process metrics subsystems, 15 classes influence index of classification module, 39 groups of influence factor indexs, multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator, the key index being systematically integrated in the eco-environmental impact approach based on Analysis on Mechanism and preventing measures evaluation, lateral body frame structure covering waterway engineering and the activity for influencing involved region, habitat change, species activity, ecology influence overall process mechanism of action, and is divided respectively by longitudinal body frame structure and portrayed with influencing type, and divided influence factor by horizontal and vertical branch's framework, refine description and analysis with dividing monothetic classification sub-indicator, be conducive to waterway engineering The systematicness of Ecological Evaluation achievement is shown and identification, design, monitoring, the investigation, analysis and evaluation of ecological waterway construction key index.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of waterway engineering eco-environmental impact multi-layer comprehensive index system frameworks, belong to ecological ring
Border protection technique field.
(2) background technique
Waterway engineering Eco-environmental Impact Assessment is related to numerous indexs, although mentioning both at home and abroad to this existing many research
Index and index system out is more macroscopical and disperses, not yet formation system, comprehensive index system comprehensively, applicable.Such as:
Xu Sudong etc. is based on existing research and hydrodynamic model (ADCIRC) and ecological suitability degree model (HSI) is carried out coupling
It closes, establishes the relationship between knife long-tailed anchovy and Corbicula fluminea and hydrodynamic factor, it is suitable to carry out ecology to the Changjiang river feature species knife long-tailed anchovy and Corbicula fluminea
Evaluation is preferably spent, variation of ecology and environment is predicted with this and optimizes deepwater channel regulation scheme (" Journal of Southeast
University (English Edition) " Vol.31, No.4, pp.559-565)；
Xia Jing construct River Hydrology situation caused by hydraulic engineering construction variation and on estuary ecological environment influence because
Subrack structure, and combine Deepwater Channel in Changjiang Estuary engineering Ecological Investigation as a result, comparative analysis deep water channel engineering to entrance of Changjiang River
The influence of phytoplankton, is analyzed the variation of environmental factor that (Shanghai Normal University is large using Multielement statistical analysis method
Bachelorship paper " entrance of Changjiang River phytoplankton variation and impact factor Primary Study ", in May, 2005)；
Yan Denghua etc. proposes inland river ecology waterway construction theoretical frame, according to theory, planning and designing, engineering measure, monitoring
Assessment, management service, the level of investment construction determine the key index that waterway engineering influences river ecological environment respectively, use
In building inland river ecology waterway construction technological frame, index between each level explicitly do not include or logic corresponding relationship,
Influence of the concern cruiseway construction to river ecological is laid particular emphasis on to the research of index system, emphasis is related to cruiseway shipping agency
Wave to habitat and Macrobenthic Communitiess influence (" Beijing demonstrate college journal (natural science edition) ", 54 (6), 2018,
pp755-763)；
Using the methods of network analysis, ecological factor identification, ecology influence differentiation, combining environmental target mentions Luo Xiong et al.
Waterway Regulation construction plan environmental impact identification index system out, the index system based on Strategic Environmental Assessment level,
The environment theme that may relate to for planning, protection target, it is related require and concern index, from the utilization of resources and social development,
Ecological environment, water environment, surrounding air, environmental risk etc., join protection target and related requirement, propose that environment influences
The index paid close attention to is evaluated, in order to which the influence of planning stage differentiates, and planning, design, construction, the ring of operation phase
Border influences control and environmental management operation (" marine traffic engineering ", 545 (8), 2018, pp219-224)；
Yang Miaomiao has investigated Guangdong Province's cruiseway training works (groynes, reef explosion, dredging work) to river ecological shadow
It rings, is analyzed in conjunction with Influencing Mechanism, construct waterway regulation works ecological protection and restore index system, by groynes, reef explosion, dredge
It dredges the ecological protection of engineering and restores index system and be divided into technical indicator and ecological index two indices group.The index system is not
For evaluating the research of aspect, core is the Ecological Construction of waterway engineering to be instructed, and is each subdivisional work of waterway regulation
(Southeast China University's master thesis is " wide for planning, design, construction offer ecological protection and the technological guidance for restoring aspect and suggestion
The inland river Dong Sheng waterway regulation works are influenced on river ecological and countermeasure ", 2015.05)；
Kuang Shuya etc. uses for reference related research result based on the understanding to navigation channel and river system relationship, construct including
One destination layer A (THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY Nanjing-clear river mouth section ecology navigation channel is horizontal), 7 rule layer B (navigation functions, water delivery flood discharge
Function, sediment transferring function, self-purification function, water supply function, ecological functions, landscape amusement function), the THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY of 19 indicator layer C
Ecological navigation channel Nanjing-clear river mouth section assessment indicator system, the purpose is to evaluate the THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY ecology navigation channel general level of the health (" Nan Shui
North is adjusted and water economic system " (network edition) starting paper, 2018.08).
The studies above is all related with the eco-environmental impact of waterway engineering, feature are as follows:
(1) based on waterway engineering level, the influence for a certain specific targets item proposes index of correlation and index body
System, or propose the key index for ecological waterway construction, or be directed to specific waterway regulation works constructing technology and ecological index
System, or construct ecological navigation channel general level of the health assessment indicator system；
(2) based on waterway planning level, waterway planning Indicator System for Environmental Impact is constructed, architectural framework is macro
It sees, from the utilization of resources and social development, ecological environment, water environment, surrounding air, environmental risk etc., proposes that environment influences
The index paid close attention to is evaluated, the influence convenient for being applied to the planning stage differentiates, and planning, design, construction, operation phase
Environmental impact control and environmental management operation.
Although the studies above relates to the index of correlation and index system of the influence of waterway engineering environment, the framework of system
It is more specific, but it is relatively narrow or more macroscopical to be related to face, but lacks systematic refinement index, in practical waterway engineering
In Eco-environmental Impacts Analysis, Mitigation methods design and subsequent ecological environment reparation and effect assessment, proposed only according to the studies above
Index system and traditional method for evaluating environmental effect, be not possible to overwrite job activity, habitat change, species activity, raw
State influences the key index of overall process, and is difficult to realize a point mechanism, point influence type, point influence factor, divides single index
Ground is refined the ecology high quality developing goal of description with investigation and analysis.
In conclusion under national Ecological Civilization Construction existing situation like a raging fire, it would be highly desirable to propose existing scientific type,
Systematicness, and have the index system framework of practicability and operability, it is the tracking of waterway engineering eco-environmental impact and countermeasure
Assay provides scientific skill for the identification, design, monitoring, investigation of key index, analysis and evaluation in ecological waterway construction
Art support.The present invention is directed to fill up this kind of index system framework blank.
(3) summary of the invention
(1) goal of the invention
It proposes a kind of waterway engineering eco-environmental impact multi-layer comprehensive index system framework, is systematically integrated with
Key index in eco-environmental impact approach based on Analysis on Mechanism and preventing measures evaluation forms and new is suitable for navigation channel
Engineering ecology environment influences the index system of comprehensive tracking evaluation, lateral body frame structure covering waterway engineering and the involved area of influence
The activity in domain, habitat change, species activity, ecology influence overall process mechanism of action, and given respectively by longitudinal body frame structure
It is portrayed with influencing type with point, and branch's framework point influence factor by further refining, divides single index Goblin
Refinement description and analysis embody the finger with scientific, systematicness, practicability and operability based on Analysis on Mechanism comprehensively
Mark system architectural features are conducive to be refined the research achievement of waterway engineering eco-environmental impact and preventing measures always
Knot refines, systematicness is shown and systematic analysis technique, is conducive to the identification of key index in subsequent ecological waterway construction, sets
Meter, investigation, analyses and evaluates monitoring.
(2) technical solution
The present invention proposes a kind of waterway engineering eco-environmental impact multi-layer comprehensive index system framework, and the framework is by four
A level composition with inclusion relation step by step, is respectively as follows: the first level: A influence in-process metrics subsystem layer, second
Level: B influences index of classification module layer, third level: C influence factor indicator layer, the 4th level: D single factor test sub-indicator
Layer.
The overall process effect of classification source item, receptor, state and degree of the framework based on waterway engineering eco-environmental impact
Mechanism, lateral body frame structure are divided into subsystem A1 operation behaviour system, subsystem A2 habitat change system, subsystem A3 species
This 4 kinds activity system, subsystem A4 ecology influence system influence in-process metrics subsystems with significant difference, cover
Waterway engineering and sorting operations activity, habitat change, species activity, the effect of ecology influence overall process for influencing involved region
The impact factor of mechanism, longitudinal body frame structure are layered according to as the process of effect and influence, type, factor, sub-indicator
Grade inclusion relation, successively will affect mechanism index system and expands into the influence index of classification module more refined, then pass through
Branch's framework of all kinds of Index modules further refines out the monothetic classification subitem of the influence factor index and subitem that are grouped
Index.
Above-mentioned longitudinal direction body frame structure influences index of classification module by total 15 classes for belonging to 4 column subsystems and forms, specifically such as
Under:
1) A1 operation behaviour system include B1-1 construction operation, B1-2 engineering variation and environmental protection measure implement, the navigation channel B1-3
Operation and maintenance, B1-4 pop-up threat and this 4 class of meeting an urgent need influence index of classification module；
2) A2 habitat change system includes B2-1 hydrological environment, B2-2 water ecological environment, the variation of B2-3 social economic environment
This 3 class influences index of classification module；
3) A3 species activity system includes B3-1 biological activity, B3-2 ecosystem function, B3-3 human intervention, B3-4
This 4 class of important biomolecule critical activity influences index of classification module；
4) A4 ecology influence system includes that B4-1 subitem influences, B4-2 superposition cumulative effect, B4-3 environmental protection measure implement effect
Fruit, which influences, B4-4 influences this 4 class of duration influences index of classification module.
Branch's framework of all kinds of Index modules includes transverse branch framework and longitudinal branch framework.
Transverse branch framework is made of the total 39 groups of influence factor indexs for belonging to 15 class Index modules, every class index
The transverse branch framework of module is specific as follows:
1) it includes C1-1-1 operation timing, C1-1-2 operation form, C1- that B1-1 construction operation, which influences index of classification module,
This 4 groups of influence factor indexs of 1-3 operation mode, C1-1-4 operation intensity；
2) B1-2 engineering variation and environmental protection measure implement influence index of classification module include C1-2-1 construction operation variation,
C1-2-2 environmental protection measure changes this 2 groups of influence factor indexs；
3) it includes C1-3-1 navigation operation, the navigation channel C1-3-2 dimension that the operation of the navigation channel B1-3 and maintenance, which influence index of classification module,
Protect this 2 groups of influence factor indexs；
4) it includes that C1-4-1 leak type, C1-4-2 are let out that B1-4 pop-up threat and emergency, which influence index of classification module,
Leakage scale, C1-4-3 pollution risk probability, C1-4-4 emergency guard against this 4 groups of influence factor indexs；
5) it includes C2-1-1 topography variation, C2-1-2 water flow variation, C2- that B2-1 hydrological environment, which influences index of classification module,
This 3 groups of influence factor indexs of 1-3 illumination variation；
6) it includes C2-2-1 water quality, C2-2-2 seashore and deposition species that B2-2 water ecological environment, which influences index of classification module,
This 3 groups of influence factor indexs of type, C2-2-3 seashore and sediment quality；
7) it includes C2-3-1 fishery, C2-3-2 water conservancy, C2- that the variation of B2-3 social economic environment, which influences index of classification module,
3-3 environment, C2-3-4 traffic this 3 groups of influence factor indexs；
8) it includes C3-1-1 coenology, C3-1-2 productivity, C3-1-3 life that B3-1 biological activity, which influences index of classification module,
Mass of object and C3-1-4 ecological toxicology this 4 groups of influence factor indexs；
9) it includes C3-2-1 Ecosystem Service, C3-2-2 ecology that B3-2 ecosystem function, which influences index of classification module,
This 2 groups of influence factor indexs of Landscape health；
10) it includes this group of influence factor index of C3-3-1 Mitigation methods that B3-3 human intervention, which influences index of classification module,；
11) it includes the activity of C3-4-1 species, C3-4-2 activity that B3-4 important biomolecule critical activity, which influences index of classification module,
Change this 2 groups of influence factor indexs of correlation；
12) the influence index of classification module that B4-1 subitem influences includes that C4-1-1 subitem operation directly affects, C4-1-2 divides
Item operation influences this 2 groups of influence factor indexs indirectly；
13) the influence index of classification module that B4-2 is superimposed cumulative effect includes C4-2-1 multiclass engineering overlaying influence, C4-
This 2 groups of influence factor kind indexs of 2-2 multiclass engineering cumulative effect；
14) it includes proposing in the C4-3-1 environmental impact assessment stage that B4-3 environmental protection measure, which implements the influence index of classification module of influential effect,
Measure, C4-3-2 engineering change this 2 groups of influence factor indexs of follow up measure；
15) B4-4 influences duration and influences index of classification module to include C4-4-1 short-term effect, long-term shadow in C4-4-2
Ring this 2 groups of influence factor indexs.
Longitudinal branch's framework is by the multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator group of the multiclass for belonging to 39 groups of influence factor indexs
At specific as follows:
1) C1-1-1 operation timing influence factor index includes D1-1-1-1 difference construction section integral construction operation timing peace
Row, cuts beach, builds a dam, river bottom protection, the multinomial Dan Yin of shore protection this 2 class of respective construction operation timing at the dredging of D1-1-1-2 difference construction section
Element classification sub-indicator；
2) C1-1-2 operation form influence factor index includes the dredging of D1-1-2-1 difference construction section, cuts beach, river bottom protection, shield
The water conservancy project structure material of bank construction, structure, form, design parameter, D1-1-2-2 as job position and water flow, the depth of water
Different construction section groynes, dykes and dams height of submerged breakwater construction, length, quantity, choose angle, spacing, whether include that near-nature forest, permeability rate are excellent
Material and the multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 2 class of structural shape；
3) C1-1-3 operation mode influence factor index includes D1-1-3-1 difference construction section river bottom protection different type soft raft
It is numerous that each construction operation type of paving mode, D1-1-3-2 difference construction section avoids fish egg-laying season, migration phase and protection animal
Phase each construction operation type of construction section different with the operation mode of children phase, D1-1-3-3 is comforted is grown to avoid concentrating in same time period
The construction organization mode of operation, D1-1-3-4 difference construction section are dredged and are cut beach excavation, transport, hydraulic reclamation, throw this 4 class of bricklayer's's skill
Multinomial single factor test subitem classification indicators；
4) C1-1-4 operation intensity influence factor index includes the work of each construction operation type of D1-1-4-1 difference construction section
Industry length, width, Fang Liang, waters and land-based area engaged position, area, duration this kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator；
5) C1-2-1 construction operation variation influence factor index includes D1-2-1-1 waterway engineering environmental impact assessment phase and practice of construction
The dredging of phase cuts beach, builds a dam, shore protection, the construction operation timing of river bottom protection engineering, range, project amount, material, structure, construction party
Formula changes this kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator；
6) C1-2-2 environmental protection measure variation influence factor index includes D1-2-2-1 waterway engineering environmental impact assessment phase and practice of construction
The environmental protection measure variation of phase, D1-2-2-2 environmental protection measure implement the multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 2 class of situation；
7) C1-3-1 navigation influence on system operation factor index includes D1-3-1-1 navigation ship tonne and quantity, ship type and combustion
Variation, the D1-3-1-2 bank traffic of a port, the variation of goods class, D1-3-1-3 ship and the harbour of material, loading type and freight volume
This multinomial monothetic classification of 4 class of water, gas, sound, solid waste discharge amount, D1-3-1-4 ship and port pollution Preventing Countermeasures point
Item index；
8) C1-3-2 channel maintenance influence factor index includes the range of D1-3-2-1 channel maintenance dredging, the frequency, dredges
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 2 class of Countermeasures for Pollution Prevention that the amount of dredging, D1-3-2-2 channel maintenance are dredged；
9) C1-4-1 leak type influence factor index includes D1-4-1-1 crude oil, heavy oil, oil spilling class as diesel oil
Type, the multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 2 class of the type of D1-4-1-2 hazardous chemical；
10) it includes that D1-4-2-1 easily sends out spill-out, D1-4-2-2 and easily gives vent to leakage that C1-4-2, which leaks scale influence factor index,
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 2 class of duration；
11) C1-4-3 pollution risk impact probability factor index includes D1-4-3-1 ship and navigation channel bank oil spilling and change
Product leakage pollution accident risk probability, D1-4-3-2 environmental pollution accident risks easily send out position, D1-4-3-3 classification wind direction and wind velocity system
Count the multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 3 class of probability；
12) C1-4-4 emergency defence influence factor index include D1-4-4-1 emergency disposal countermeasure and personnel equipment be equipped with,
The resource distribution of D1-4-4-2 environment sensitive, D1-4-4-3 emergency preplan, D1-4-4-4 pollution prewarning model, D1-4-4-5 damage
Reparation and the reparation multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 5 class of countermeasure；
13) C2-1-1 topography variation influence factor index includes that D2-1-1-1 difference construction section water front and water depth distribution become
Change this kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator；
14) C2-1-2 water flow variation influence factor index includes D2-1-2-1 difference construction section month by month or divides the water in season
Flow, flow direction, velocity flow profile change this kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator；
15) C2-1-3 illumination variation influence factor index includes D2-1-3-1 difference construction section month by month or divides the light in season
According to this kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of condition changes in distribution；
16) C2-2-1 water quality impact factor index include pH in D2-2-1-1~D2-2-1-14 water quality spatial and temporal distributions,
Water temperature, suspended matter (SS), dissolved oxygen (DO), permanganate index (CODMn), five-day BOD (BOD5), total phosphorus, ammonia
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 14 class of nitrogen, total nitrogen, volatile phenol, petroleum-type, eutrophication index, arsenic, sulfide；
17) C2-2-2 seashore and sediment type influence factor index include D2-2-2-1 difference construction section particle diameter distribution,
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of D2-2-2-2 difference construction section this 2 class of habitat type；
18) C2-2-3 seashore and sediment quality influence factor index include D2-2-3-1~D2-2-3-11 seashore and sink
Petroleum-type, organic carbon in product amount of substance spatial and temporal distributions, pH, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, chromium, zinc, nickel this multinomial single factor test of 11 class
Classification sub-indicator；
19) C2-3-1 fishery Factors Affecting Parameters index includes D2-3-1-1 fishery resources amount spatial and temporal distributions, D2-3-1-2
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 2 class of amount of fishing spatial and temporal distributions；
20) C2-3-2 water conservancy Factors Affecting Parameters index includes D2-3-2-1 annual runoff spatial and temporal distributions, D2-3-2-2 mud
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 2 class of husky flux spatial and temporal distributions；
21) C2-3-3 environmental index influence factor index includes that enter water pollutant flux spatial and temporal distributions this kind of by D2-3-3-1
Multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator；
22) C2-3-4 traffic indicators influence factor index includes that the variation of D2-3-4-1 difference construction section navigation environment is brought
This kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of corresponding change；
23) C3-1-1 coenology influence factor index includes D3-1-1-1 Chlorophyll-a Content spatial and temporal distributions, D3-1-1-2
Type composition, distributed number, sociales and species diversity, abundance, the type group of D3-1-1-3 zooplankter of phytoplankton
At, distributed number, sociales and the benthic type composition of species diversity, abundance, D3-1-1-4, distributed number, advantage
Kind and species diversity, abundance, D3-1-1-5 intertidal organism type composition, distributed number, sociales and species diversity
Property, abundance, type composition, distributed number, sociales and the species diversity of D3-1-1-6 water plant and aquatic vascular plant,
Abundance, the type composition of D3-1-1-7 fish eggs and larvae, sociales, Resource Density and distribution, D3-1-1-8 nekton type
Composition, sociales, Resource Density and distribution, the important Habitat for Fish in D3-1-1-9 engineering waters, migration channel, wintering ground,
Spawning ground, feeding ground and nursing ground distribution situation and its variation, D3-1-1-10 engineering Its Adjacent Waters fish production status, D3-
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of rare aquatic this 11 class of protection present state of 1-1-11；
24) C3-1-2 productivity influence factor index includes D3-1-2-1 primary productivity spatial and temporal distributions, D3-1-2-2 times
The grade multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of productivity this 2 class of spatial and temporal distributions；
25) C3-1-3 organism influencing factors of quality index includes D3-1-3-1~D3-1-3-6 biology weight space-time
Petroleum hydrocarbon, copper, zinc, lead, chromium, the multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 6 class of mercury in distribution；
26) C3-1-4 ecological toxicology influence factor index includes that D3-1-4-1 biology residual hazard (PCB) spatial and temporal distributions are this kind of
Multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator；
27) C3-2-1 Ecosystem Service influence factor index includes the adaptability of D3-2-1-1 shallow water, the seashore type that flows slowly
Habitat supply, the adaptability habitat supply of D3-2-1-2 diversity fluidised form type, the very aqueous vegetation type of D3-2-1-3 it is suitable
Raw habitat supply, D3-2-1-4 have adaptability habitat as permeable, water flowing and supply this multinomial monothetic classification of 4 class
Sub-indicator；
28) C3-2-2 ecoscape health determinants index includes D3-2-2-1 self-purification of water capacity variation, D3-
2-2-2 suitable habitats diversity and area change, D3-2-2-3 Habitat Fragmentation change the multinomial monothetic classification subitem of this 3 class
Index；
29) C3-3-1 Mitigation methods influence factor index includes D3-3-1-1 water repellent embodiment, D3-3-1-2 water
Raw biological protection, the relief of D3-3-1-3 aquatile, D3-3-1-4 enhancement releasing, artificial fish nest and phytobiocoenose are built in this way
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 3 class of ecological recovery implementation result；
30) C3-4-1 species activity influence factor index includes that D3-4-1-1 mainly protects dwelling for species and economic fish
It ceases, look for food, forage, breeding, oviposition, this kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of ecological habit as migration；
31) C3-4-2 activity change interdependence effects factor index includes D3-4-2-1 important biomolecule coenology, habitat face
Product, Habitat Fragmentation, food source water source change this kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator with activity change correlation.
32) the influence factor index that the operation of C4-1-1 subitem directly affects includes D4-1-1-1 dredging, cuts beach, builds a dam, protecting
It is more that bottom, bank protection construction operation directly affect, the navigation channel D4-1-1-2 is run, maintenance directly affects this 2 class to ecological environment bring
Item monothetic classification sub-indicator；
33) the influence factor index that the operation of C4-1-2 subitem influences indirectly includes that D4-1-2-1 subitem construction operation is indirect
It influences, the navigation channel D4-1-2-2 is run, maintenance influences the multinomial monothetic classification subitem of this 2 class to ecological environment bring indirectly and refers to
Mark；
34) the influence factor index of C4-2-1 multiclass engineering overlaying influence includes D4-2-1-1 in the same or similar time
With different type construction operation in spatial dimension and navigation channel operation, safeguard to concentration of suspension, water flow in noise in water, water
Same direct acting factor bring as flow direction and flow velocity, habitat dynamics, seashore and benthon loss amount is superimposed shadow
Ring this kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator；
35) the influence factor index of C4-2-2 multiclass engineering cumulative effect includes D4-2-2-1 in engineering and influence area
A variety of this kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicators of synthesis cumulative effect for influencing to generate after superposition directly, indirectly；
36) the C4-3-1 environmental impact assessment stage proposes that measure influence factor index includes the D4-3-1-1 engineering environmental impact assessment stage for thin
Dredge, cut beach, build a dam, river bottom protection, bank protection construction operation and navigation channel operation, maintenance propose correspondence environmental protection measure implementation of conditions and
Implementation result, D4-3-1-2 oil spilling and the multinomial monothetic classification subitem of this 2 class of the corresponding emergency measure situation of chemical leakage refer to
Mark；
37) C4-3-2 engineering variation follow up measure influence factor index includes that the variation of D4-3-2-1 engineering affects pair
This kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of the follow up measure situation answered；
38) the influence factor index of C4-4-1 short-term effect includes D4-4-1-1 bring due to engineering construction and maintenance
Bring adversely affects this multinomial factor of 2 class list in short term due to certain seasonal engineering operations by short-term adverse effect, D4-4-1-2
Classification sub-indicator；
39) the influence factor index influenced for a long time in C4-4-2 includes D4-4-2-1 engineering construction, safeguards that bring is unfavorable
Even if influence construction and maintenance terminate still to be difficult to obviously to be slowed down in a short time, the adverse effect of D4-4-2-2 engineering operation
Even if seasonal variations are still difficult to obviously be slowed down the multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 2 class.
It is above-mentioned based on classification influence source item, receptor, state, the waterway engineering of the degree overall process mechanism of action for describing
Eco-environmental impact multi-layer comprehensive index system framework composition schematic diagram is detailed in Fig. 1.
(3) advantage and good effect
The present invention proposes a kind of waterway engineering eco-environmental impact multi-layer comprehensive index system framework, systematically collects
At every key index in eco-environmental impact approach and preventing measures evaluation based on Analysis on Mechanism, the advantage is that:
The full mechanism for covering waterway engineering eco-environmental impact, realize a point mechanism, divide pointer type, point influence because
Element divides the multi-layer of monothetic classification sub-indicator to be unfolded step by step, constructs scientific, systematicness, practicability and operability
Better influence index system.
1) architecture system is stronger, and it is anti-to cover waterway engineering design, construction, operation, maintenance, risk in time
Model and the overall processes such as emergency, ecological protection and reclamation activities and implementation result spatially cover water where waterway engineering
The neighboring areas ecological environment such as domain, seashore and human social economy's environment, cover in influence degree and directly affect, indirectly
Long-term sequence range in influence, short-term effect, medium-term and long-term influence, subitem influence and superposition cumulative effect etc., in terms of content not
Only covering environment influences, influences receptor as ecology influence and species and its habitat, social economic environment variation, and
Further comprise the such influence source item of human intervention, approach and Analysis of Countermeasure；Its lateral body frame structure covers activity, life
Border variation, species activity, ecology influence overall process mechanism of action, therefore, the framework is than existing relevant influence index system
Systematicness is stronger；
2) sub-module in the framework vertical structure, point factor, divide monothetic classification sub-indicator, advised than existing navigation channel
Indicator System for Environmental Impact is drawn more to refine, is specific；
3) the quantitative evaluation index of the existing short-term effect of the framework, and have the qualitative evaluation index influenced for a long time；It can
Dynamic body reveals a possibility that key ecological causes ecosystem state fast transition in construction content and shipping operation,
Have as the pollution sex factor such as water quality, deposit that associated construction is movable directly affects the factor, related habitat fragmentation again
The indirect impact factor and above-mentioned impact factor of the effects of change, bio-diversity, ecosystem function change consequence are brought
Dynamic effects.
4) framework covers the overall process that waterway engineering carries out ecological waterway construction, forms and new is suitable for navigation channel
The assessment indicator system that engineering ecology environment influences, the practicality and operability are more preferable, are conducive to instruct waterway engineering that will give birth to
State theory point mechanism, point influence type, point influence factor, with dividing monothetic classification sub-indicator specifically implement design,
Construction, operation, the evaluation of environmental protection measure implementation result trace analysis, are conducive to the specific implementation of ecological waterway construction, for section
The ecological disruption for learning, efficiently reducing waterway engineering slows down eco-environmental impact with important theory significance and practical advice
Effect.
(4) Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: waterway engineering eco-environmental impact multi-layer comprehensive index system configuration diagram；
Fig. 2: dredging work amount change indicator investigates instance analysis figure.
(5) specific embodiment
This part is carried out by taking " the following deep water channel engineering of Changjiang River Nanjing " (hereinafter referred to as " the second stage of waterway engineering ") as an example should
The specific embodiment of index system framework is analyzed.Predominantly each influence process subsystem (A) influences index of classification mould
The building of block (B), influence factor index (C) and monothetic classification sub-indicator system, see Table 1 for details.
1 waterway engineering eco-environmental impact multi-layer comprehensive index system framework list of table
(1) A1 operation behaviour subsystem
(1) B1-1 bank revetment reinforcement, river bottom protection be laid with, the operation modules packet such as build a dam (groynes and submerged breakwater engineering), dredge, cut beach
Include C1-1-1 operation timing, C1-1-2 operation form, C1-1-3 operation mode and C1-1-4 operation intensity index.
1. C1-1-1 operation timing index
Dredged including the integral construction operation timing arrangement of D1-1-1-1 difference section and D1-1-1-2, cut beach, built a dam,
The operation timing of each construction operation module of river bottom protection shore protection.
Such as: levee body after first river bottom protection, first protect beach dike after groynes protect beach band, each construction section shield beach dike is first to lower and enterprising
Row construction river bottom protection, levee body are promoted immediately following river bottom protection, and the advanced levee body of river bottom protection is greater than 300m.
Groynes river bottom protection is arranged to be promoted from dike head to the shield direction Tan Di.Before shield beach dike levee body is advanced to groynes shield beach band position
The river bottom protection for completing to protect beach band is constructed, while being connected with shield beach dike and being carried out the band jackstone construction of shield beach.
Placement follows the sequence of construction that upstream is swum over under；More work surface parallel constructions are upstream pushed away from downstream
Into；Upstream side progress is faster than the several work such as downstream side timing.
The operation mode of bank-protection works can be divided into slope protection and underwater slope protection waterborne, and operation at sea timing includes: that the earthwork is opened
Digging, backfilling of earthwork, Reynolds stone pad, cemented rock, shield bank jackstone waterborne, geotextile laying etc., underwater operation mode includes gabion
Shipment, underwater ship are thrown.
The underwater operations timing indicator such as river bottom protection engineering other than overall objective, further include whether avoid the migration of ichthyophagy crab/
Trace back phase, protection species breeding, egg-laying season etc..
2. C1-1-2 operation form index
Operation form index specifically includes D1-1-2-1 dredging, cuts beach, builds a dam, each construction operation module of river bottom protection shore protection
Operation form, including material, structure, form.Such as: the form of shore protection is different, to flow dynamic condition (offshore flow velocity
Field, fluidised form, riverbed, river channel cross section) influence it is also different, form index includes: smooth slope protection, groynes (stone rock) shore protection
Engineering (all protruding-type bank-protection works built in river bank, no matter its size and its to flow condition effect, only
The case where changing flow condition is identical, that is, belongs to the type), structure index includes hollow type caisson bank protection structure, concrete
It splits from block mask bank protection structure, other structures.The form index of shore protection further includes that the indexs such as material, vegetation (are further divided into life
State concrete, fish nest brick, Water purifying stone cage, plant fiber mat, geotechnological grass planting earth-fixing mat, geonet complex technique, Tu Gongge
Grid).The form index of river bottom protection includes ecological soft raft, degradable protective net, bionic aquatic weed pad, geotextile sand pillow, concrete
Block soft raft, jackstone etc..
The operation forms indexs such as groynes, submerged breakwater engineering include: that (height of dam, quantity, chooses angle, material kind at dam length to design parameter
Class, structural shape, dam spacing), whether include near-nature forest, permeability rate excellent material and structural shape.
3. C1-1-3 operation mode index specifically describes
Operation mode index specifically includes D1-1-3-1 dredging, cuts beach, builds a dam, each construction operation module of river bottom protection shore protection
Operation mode.Such as: the operation mode index of river bottom protection engineering includes dedicated Working Ships waterborne pavement, levee body row be sand rib row,
Woven geotextile laying, remaining mining concrete interlocking segment, concrete interlocking block soft mattress, needling composite geotextile are laid with.
All kinds of operation mode indexs other than overall objective, further include the egg-laying season for whether avoiding fish, the migration phase and
The breeding period of Yangtze finless porpoise and comfort children phase, if avoid the group of multiple types operation same time period and construction section concentrative operation
Knit mode；Dredging and cut beach engineer operation mode index includes digging fortune to blow (rake is inhaled stem and blown) technique, other technic indexs.
4. C1-14 operation intensity index
Operation intensity index specifically includes D1-1-4-1 dredging, cuts beach, builds a dam, each construction operation module of river bottom protection shore protection
Operation intensity, including length, width, Fang Liang, waters and land-based area engaged position, area, duration etc..Such as: dredge and cut beach
Operation intensity index the effect of including one-way construction, bidirectional construction, construction equipment, (dredger, environment-friendly type dredging are set property
It is standby；Excavator inhales large junk and other) and the indexs such as quantity, the quantity of construction personnel, duration.
(2) variation of B1-2 engineering and environmental protection measure implement module
It is main that including the variation of C1-2-1 construction operation, (dredging including environmental impact assessment phase and practice of construction phase cuts beach, builds a dam, protecting
The engineerings such as bank, river bottom protection are in construction operation timing, range, project amount, material, structure and form of construction work), C1-2-2 environmental protection measure
Variation (including the environmental protection measure of environmental impact assessment phase and practice of construction phase variation and environmental protection measure implement status index).
It is verified item by item according to engineering, in addition to part construction bid section engineering, Yujiang County's section underwater damming works (submerged breakwater, groynes
And river bottom protection), bank-protection works and dredging work it is in a slight decrease, environment influence and Ecological Loss reduce.
Bid section is built a dam, dredging work increased for part construction, since construction area is related to Jingjiang Section of Yangtze River Eriocheir sinensia
Crab mandarin fish national level Fish Germplasm Resources protection zone trial zone, therefore corresponding section engineering construction influence may be than original evaluation
Local area ecological loss and influence degree will accordingly increase.
The dredging work amount change indicator investigation instance analysis figure of waterway engineering is detailed in Fig. 2.
(3) operation of the navigation channel B1-3 and maintenance module
Mainly include C1-3-1 navigation operation (including navigation ship tonne and quantity, ship type and fuel, loading type and
The variation (D1-3-1-1) of freight volume, the littoral traffic of a port, variation (D1-3-1-2), ship and the harbour water of goods class, gas, sound,
Solid waste discharge amount (D1-3-1-3), ship and port pollution Preventing Countermeasures) (D1-3-1-4) and the navigation channel C1-3-2 dimension
(range, the frequency, dredging amount (D1-3-2-1), Countermeasures for Pollution Prevention (D1-3-2-2) etc. including channel maintenance dredging refer to shield
Mark).
The subsequent dredging maintenance phase Preliminary design dredging amount of the second stage of the project is 626.1m3, it is assumed that average dredging depth 1.0m,
Dredge about 6,260,000 m of area2.Since the duration of construction time and runtime are dredged, the benthon of the range inhabites function base
This forfeiture inhabites biological species, density and biomass and will be less than non-dredged region.In addition, in ship dredging construction process, part
Concentration of suspension can also increase in the water in region, lead to the adverse effect to plankton and fish growth, with construction
Terminate, which disappears therewith.The Countermeasures for Pollution Prevention accordingly proposed is as follows:
1) construction efficiency is improved, shortens maintenance dredging and constructs the time limit；
2) the reasonable arrangement construction time avoids oviposition, the breeding peak period of aquatile as far as possible；
3) comprehensive utilization for realizing dredging markets, can be widely used for land reclamation, fill shore protection, subgrade engineering, baking ceramsite
With the novel light wall brick of insulation, the repair and reconstruction of seashore wetland etc.；
4) reasonable selection dredging plant: selecting dedicated environment-friendly type dredging plant or is transformed using original dredger,
The level of disruption to bed mud is reduced, promotes anti-SS diffusion and leak-proof energy, wherein environmental dredging equipment is inhaled using advanced strand
Formula dredger cooperates environmental protection cutters, directly picks up surface deposit under the action of dredge pump by pipeline and remote conveying is sent to land
On the ground, and automatic control system and monitoring system are installed, are positioned using DGPS accurate three-dimensional, improves dredging precision, reduce
The release of the settling flux and pollutant of deposit；
5) enhancement releasing is carried out to impaired aquatile: impaired biological seedling proliferation is released, Ecological Compensation is carried out, with
Slow down influence of the engineering construction to aquatic ecological environment.
(4) B1-4 pop-up threat and emergency module
It mainly include C1-4-1 leak type, C1-4-2 leakage scale, C1-4-3 pollution risk probability, C1-4-4 emergency
Defence；Corresponding D1-4-1-1~the D1-4-1-2 of C1-4-1 is respectively oil spilling (crude oil, heavy oil, diesel oil) index, hazardous chemical
Index；It is respectively long pointer when easily hair overflows figureofmerit, leakage that C1-4-2, which corresponds to D1-4-2-1~D1-4-2-2,；C1-4-3 pairs
D1-4-3-1~the D1-4-3-3 answered is respectively that ship and navigation channel bank oil spilling and chemical leakage environmental pollution accident risks probability refer to
Mark easily sends out positioning index, classification wind direction and wind velocity statistical probability index；C1-4-4 corresponds to D1-4-4-1~D1-4-4-5
Emergency disposal countermeasure and personnel equipment are equipped with index, environment sensitive resource distribution index, emergency preplan index, pollution prewarning mould
Type index, damages and reparation countermeasure index.
(2) A2 habitat change system
(1) B2-1 hydrological environment module
It mainly include C2-1-1 topography variation index, C2-1-2 water flow variation index and C2-1-3 illumination variation index；
Subitem specific targets include D2-1-1-1 water front and water depth distribution index, and D2-1-2-1 month by month or divides the water flow in season, stream
To, velocity parameters and D2-1-3-1 illumination condition distribution index.
(2) B2-2 water ecological environment module
It is main including C2-2-1 water quality indicator, C2-2-2 seashore and sediment type index and C2-2-3 seashore and heavy
Product substance figureofmerit, subitem specific targets are as follows:
1. water quality indicator (D2-2-1-1~D2-2-1-14): pH, water temperature, suspended matter (SS), dissolved oxygen (DO), permanganic acid
Salt index (CODMn), five-day BOD (BOD5), total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, volatile phenol, petroleum-type, eutrophication index,
Arsenic and sulfide.
2. seashore and sediment type index (D2-2-2-1~D2-2-2-2): habitat type, particle diameter distribution.
3. seashore and deposited material figureofmerit (D2-2-3-1~D2-2-3-11): petroleum-type, organic carbon, pH value, cadmium,
Mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, chromium, zinc and nickel.
(3) B2-3 social economic environment variation module include C2-3-1 fishery, C2-3-2 water conservancy, C2-3-3 environmental protection and
C2-3-4 traffic；Specifically include D2-3-1-1 fishery resources amount, D2-3-1-2 fishing figureofmerit, D2-3-2-1 annual runoff,
D2-3-2-2 silt flux index, D2-3-3-1 enter river pollutant flux index and the variation of D2-3-4-1 navigation environment is brought
Corresponding change index.
(3) A3 species activity system
(1) all kinds of water plants of B3-1 and animal activity module
It mainly include C3-1-1 index of community, C3-1-2 productivity index, C3-1-3 organism quality index and C3-
1-4 ecological toxicology index, specific targets are as follows:
1. C3-1-1 index of community: D3-1-1-1~D3-1-1-11 is respectively Chlorophyll-a Content, phytoplankton, floats
Move about object, benthon, intertidal organism, water plant and aquatic vascular plant, fish eggs and larvae, nekton, important fish
" three " overview, engineering Its Adjacent Waters fish production status, the aquatic protection present state of Precious, Rare, Endangered and variation.
Further Breaking index down is as follows in the above index:
A phytoplankton, zooplankter, benthon, intertidal organism, water plant and aquatic vascular plant: type group
At the variation of the indexs such as, distributed number, sociales and species diversity, abundance；
B fish eggs and larvae, nekton: the variation of the indexs such as type composition, sociales, Resource Density and distribution；
The important fish of c " three " overview: habitat, migration channel, wintering ground, spawning ground, feeding ground and field distribution of raising an infant
The variation of the indexs such as situation.
2. C3-1-2 productivity index: specifically including the variation of D3-1-2-1 primary productivity index, D3-1-2-2 grade
The variation of productivity index；
3. C3-1-3 organism quality index: D3-1-3-1~D3-1-3-6 is petroleum hydrocarbon, copper, zinc, lead, chromium and mercury
The variation of index.
4. C3-1-4 ecological toxicology index: D3-1-4-1 is the variation of biological residual hazard index；
(2) B3-2 ecosystem function
Including C3-2-1 Ecosystem Service index and C3-2-2 ecoscape health indicator.
1. C3-2-1 Ecosystem Service index: specifically including the adaptability habitats such as D3-2-1-1 shallow water, unhurried current seashore and supply
The adaptability habitats such as index, D3-2-1-2 diversity fluidised form supply index, the very aqueous plant adaptability habitat D3-2-1-3 is answered to supply
It answers index and D3-2-1-4 is permeable, water flowing adaptability habitat supply index.
2. C3-2-2 ecoscape health indicator: specifically including D3-2-2-1 self-purification of water capacity variation index, D3-
2-2-2 suitable habitats diversity and area change index and D3-2-2-3 Habitat Fragmentation change indicator.
(2) B3-3 human intervention module
Main indicator include: C3-3-1 be engineer operation other than various individual events and comprehensive ecology influence Mitigation methods
And embodiments thereof, implementation result, such as: D3-3-1-1 water repellent, the protection of D3-3-1-2 aquatile, D3-3-1-3 are aquatic
Biology relief and D3-3-1-4 ecological recovery index, subitem specific targets are as follows:
1. D3-3-1-1 water repellent index: engineering protection technology (such as Anti-pollution barrier), management means (it is high such as to avoid water intaking
Peak, operation mode and progress adjustment)；
2. D3-3-1-2 aquatile protects index: aquatic animal acoustics drives and inductive technology, drives containing ship noise
Technology and technique, construction noise drive law technology and technique, hit noise drive technology and technique, acoustics drive instrument and drives skill
Art and technique and acoustics inductive technology；
3. D3-3-1-3 aquatile succours index: stranded ambulance station and relief scheme；
4. D3-3-1-4 ecological recovery index: enhancement releasing, artificial fish nest and phytobiocoenose build index.
(3) B3-4 important biomolecule critical activity (containing inhabit, look for food, forage, breeding, oviposition, migration etc.) module
1. C3-4-1 species activity: detailed index of itemizing includes: that D3-4-1-1 is main protection kind and economic fish
It inhabites, look for food, forage, breeding, oviposition, the activity indicators such as migration；
2. C3-4-2 activity change correlation: D3-4-2-1 is that important biocoenologye index, habitat area, habitat are broken
The correlation metric of fragmentation, the variation of food source water source.
(4) A4 ecology influence system
(1) B4-1 subitem influences module
1. C4-1-1 subitem construction directly affects
D4-1-1-1 is dredging, cuts beach, builds a dam, the operation of construction operation as river bottom protection, shore protection and navigation channel, maintenance pair
Ecological environment bring directly affects index.
2. C4-1-2 subitem construction influences indirectly
D4-1-2-1 is dredging, cuts beach, builds a dam, the operation of construction operation as river bottom protection, shore protection and navigation channel, maintenance pair
The indirect influence index of ecological environment bring.
The indirect impact analysis of subdivisional work is the results show that bank-protection works controls the lateral scouring of water flow, to stabilize
Local river regime, reduces collapse on the bank, protect riparian ecosystem from because bank breaching and reinforce maintenance caused by disorder with
Loss, thus there is certain positive ecological effect.In addition, some change of flow state caused by bank-protection works, the water that such as whirlpools, under
Bore water flow, swirling flow etc., also for a variety of fish inhabit and breeding provides multifarious suitable flow condition selection, equally
Also there is certain positive ecological effect.
Nevertheless, bank-protection works still has some unfavorable eco-environmental impacts, for example, construction is made in the construction time
Industry can cause noise and concentration of suspension in water body to be increased, to cause the harm to necton and planktonic organism；
Construction operation can also destroy the habitat of zoobenthos, and part zoobenthos is caused temporarily or permanently to lose its field of surviving, bottom
Dwell animal type and quantity thus can be declined, in addition, construction operation can also change as benthon oviposition substrate
Breeding habitat, equally also result in zoobenthos type and quantity decline；Meanwhile seashore caused by construction operation hardens
It will affect the growth of aquatic vascular plant, and then influence the breeding that hobby produces demersal egg or adhesive egg fish herein indirectly
Development, leads to the decline of region stock of fish amount.
Engineering is guarded in river bottom protection laying etc. can be such that noise and concentration of suspension in water body increases in the construction time, and harm swimming is dynamic
Object and planktonic organism；Big change will not be generally caused after construction to hydraulic condition of river situation, but the main of zoobenthos can be destroyed
Existence field leads to zoobenthos type, quantity decline, changes its oviposition substrate etc. and inhabites breeding habitat, while construction can also make
It is hardened at point bar, influences the growth of aquatic vascular plant, influenced hobby indirectly and produce the numerous of demersal egg or adhesive egg fish herein
Development is grown, region stock of fish amount is caused to decline.By taking environmental river bottom protection (ecological space body row), enhancement releasing etc. raw
State safeguard measure can effectively lower influence of the river bottom protection engineering construction to aquatic ecological environment.
River bottom protection, groynes, cut beach and dredging work on ecology adverse environment influence in mechanism with above-mentioned influence totality phase
Seemingly.The structure and material of case waterway engineering ecotype river bottom protection has selected sand ribbed soft mattress, and external is point of permeable impermeable sand
High-strength geotextile shaft of rib is saved, scene is injected slime water in hollow merogenesis shaft of rib when being laid with, wherein the silt particle of larger particles
It is intercepted within shaft of rib by geotextiles, the slime water containing spun yarn is then discharged shaft of rib, and the sand ribbed soft mattress of formation is soon by cloth
It is put into engineering water bottom.Since this sand ribbed soft mattress still has certain pervious function, and the soil body is not isolated completely
Original connection relationship between water body, thus biology, contact of the microorganism with land-based area also not partition completely in river waters,
And then the influence reduced to river natural self-purification capacity can be slowed down to a certain extent.The ecological monitoring of correlation test section is investigated
As a result it also demonstrates the above analytical judgment, while also showing significant poly- fish effect possessed by ecological spur dike.
(2) B4-2 is superimposed cumulative effect module
1. C4-2-1 multiclass engineering overlaying influence
D4-2-1-1 be within same or similar time and spatial dimension different type construction operation and navigation channel operation,
Maintenance to same direct acting factor (concentration of suspension, flow direction and flow velocity in noise in such as water, water, habitat dynamics,
Seashore and benthon loss amount etc.) bring overlaying influence index.
According to water flow and sediment model analog result, when riprap work silt source strength reaches 6kg/m3, continuously discharge 36 is small
When, will occur the exceeded situation that concentration of suspension increment is more than 10mg/L within the scope of the 800m of downstream in spring season.If laterally
Range of scatter takes 125m, then pollutes about 100,000 m of exceeded area2.Dredging operation can reach about the exceeded coverage in downstream
2000m pollutes about 400,000 m of exceeded area if horizontal proliferation range takes 200m2。
In order to calculate the overlaying influence of the waterway engineering construction exceeded coverage of SS, research establishes Superposition Formula: ASS
=∑ ASSi=∑ (DSSi × WSSi × Ni+AWi), in formula, ASS is the exceeded area of SS of waterway engineering operation superposition；ASSi
For the exceeded area of SS caused by i-th kind of operation mode；DSSi is that longitudinal transmission range in i-th kind of exceeded region of operation mode (is dredged
It dredges operation and takes 2000m, other construction operations take 800m)；WSSi is the horizontal proliferation model in i-th kind of exceeded region operation mode SS
Enclose (dredging operation takes 200m, other construction operations take 125m)；Ni is i-th kind of operation mode section construction quantity (the second stage of the project
Dredging, groynes and river bottom protection is arranged, bank-protection works takes 21,14,16 respectively)；AWi is that i-th kind of operation mode occupies water surface area
(the second stage of the project dredging, groynes and river bottom protection is arranged, bank-protection works takes 626,11.7,94.9 ten thousand m respectively2)。
Assuming that the concentration of suspension of all kinds of construction operation areas of the second stage of the project is exceeded, and consider the super of every section of operating area
Mark area transmits the range that extends influence accordingly will sum it up the exceeded area of pollution of above-mentioned modeling, then according to above-mentioned navigation channel
The Superposition Formula of the exceeded coverage of engineering construction SS calculates the second stage of the project dredging and the exceeded Line Integral of other construction operations SS
It Wei not 14,660,000 m2And 406.6 ten thousand m2, the exceeded influence area of superposition is 1872.6 ten thousand m2.These region planktons and fish
The growth of class can be in the accordingly construction period by a degree of adverse effect.
2. C4-2-2 multiclass engineering cumulative effect
D4-2-2-1 is the synthesis cumulative effect generated after engineering and influence area are a variety of directly, influence is superimposed indirectly
Index.
The comprehensive cumulative effect of waterway engineering be mainly reflected in by water plant and aquatic vascular plant, phytoplankton, swim
The ecology that animal, bottom dwell and intertidal organism, fish and necton, animals on the brink of extinction and their habitat collectively constitute
System structure and function causes certain adverse effect, and to reduce such influence, the second stage of waterway engineering part construction point is taken
Be conducive to the engineering structure of ecological recovery, the construction time takes a series of ecological protection measures, implements artificial fish nest and ecology
Chinampa aquatic ecological reclamation activities, fish multiplication release Ecological Compensation measure.As construction terminates project inputs trial operation, apply
Duration influence be presented gradually slows down and the trend that is restored, the ecological protection measure that engineering is taken slow down to a certain extent
The negative effect that engineering construction gives aquatic zoology.
(3) B4-3 environmental protection measure implements influential effect module
1. the C4-3-1 environmental impact assessment stage proposes measure
D4-3-1-1 is the engineering environmental impact assessment stage, to dredge, cut beach, build a dam, construction operation as river bottom protection, shore protection and
Navigation channel operation, maintenance propose the implementation of conditions of correspondence environmental protection measure and the impact analysis index and oil spilling of implementation result and
The corresponding emergency measure influence index of chemical leakage.
2. C4-3-2 engineering changes follow up measure
D4-3-2-1 is that engineering variation affects corresponding follow up measure impact analysis index.
Except part is constructed in addition to bid section, great change does not occur for engineering practice of construction scheme, therefore compared with the environmental impact assessment stage
From change in the work angle, environment influences conclusion and ecological protection and countermeasure and scheme is not required to do larger adjustment.
Since construction bid section construction content in part increases, and construction area is related to Jingjiang Section of Yangtze River Eriocheir sinensis mandarin fish
National Fish Germplasm Resources protection zone trial zone, it is therefore proposed that according to the increase situation of the bid section project amount, appropriate optimization life
State compensation and recovery scenario.
Part construction bid section increases energy dissipating dam total length 2200m, and groynes length reduces 675m, and groynes total length is added up to increase
Add 1525m, construction area is related to Jingjiang Section of Yangtze River Eriocheir sinensis mandarin fish national level Fish Germplasm Resources protection zone test block.
To mitigate river bottom protection engineering construction to the Ecological Loss and influence degree in the region, it should which reasonable arrangement is constructed the period, October
It is Eriocheir sinensis into crab migration peak period to November, river bottom protection engineering construction should avoid this period, be arranged in December as far as possible extremely
January in next year；According to the groynes river bottom protection project occupation of land area newly increased, protection zone and periphery fish ecological environment are calculated again
Transformation releases budget with reparation budget and fish multiplication.
Part construction bid section section increases bank-protection works 1240m, and construction area is related to Rugao knife long-tailed anchovy national level aquatic products kind
Matter conservation test block.To mitigate river bottom protection engineering construction to the Ecological Loss and influence degree in the region, it should close
Reason arranges the construction period, and the 2-4 month is that knife long-tailed anchovy traces back peak period, all kinds of in view of the enhancement releasing technology not yet full maturity of knife long-tailed anchovy
Construction should avoid the peak period of tracing back of knife long-tailed anchovy, and river bottom protection engineering construction is arranged in January in December to next year as far as possible；According to what is newly increased
Groynes river bottom protection project occupation of land area calculates the transformation of protection zone and periphery fish ecological environment again and repairs budget, Yi Jiyu
Class enhancement releasing budget.
Part construction bid section engineering practice of construction scheme dredges total amount compared with the environmental impact assessment stage and increases by 135.7 ten thousand m3, therefore
It is recommended that calculating the transformation of protection zone and periphery fish ecological environment again according to the increase situation of dredging work amount and repairing pre-
It calculates and fish multiplication releases budget.
(4) B4-4 influences duration module
1. C4-4-1 short-term effect
D4-4-1-1 is that engineering construction, maintenance and seasonal operation bring adversely affect in short term, with construction and maintenance
End or seasonal variations, which can eliminate or obviously be slowed down in a short time, in the water as caused by jackstone, fill
Noise increases in concentration of suspension, water, and engineering construction is to aquatile migration, oviposition, overwintering influence index.
2. being influenced for a long time in C4-4-2
D4-4-2-1 is to adversely affect for a long time in engineering construction, maintenance and operation bring, even if construction and maintenance knot
Beam or seasonal variations, which is still difficult to eliminate or is difficult to obviously be slowed down in a short time, as caused by jackstone, fill
Water flow variation, to substance, energy exchange generate barrier action operation of engineering projects to aquatile migration, oviposition, overwintering influence
Etc. indexs.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of waterway engineering eco-environmental impact multi-layer comprehensive index system framework, which is characterized in that by four have by
The level composition of grade inclusion relation, be respectively as follows: the first level: A influence in-process metrics subsystem layer, the second level: B influences
Index of classification module layer, third level: C influence factor indicator layer, the 4th level: D single factor test sub-indicator layer, these indicator layers
Every kind of influence in-process metrics subsystem, which is expanded into multiclass, influences index of classification module, then every class is influenced index of classification mould
Block expands into multiple groups influence factor index respectively, and every group of influence factor index is then expanded into multinomial monothetic classification respectively again
Sub-indicator accordingly constitutes the index with lateral body frame structure, longitudinal body frame structure, transverse branch framework, longitudinal branch framework
Architectural framework.
2. transverse direction body frame structure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by 4 kinds of index subsystems with significant difference
Composition, is respectively as follows: subsystem A1 operation behaviour system, subsystem A2 habitat change system, subsystem A3 species activity system, son
System A4 ecology influence system, these subsystems respectively make by the corresponding classification for covering region involved by waterway engineering eco-environmental impact
Index of correlation during industry activity, habitat change, species activity, ecology influence this 4 kinds of different influences.
3. longitudinal direction body frame structure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by 4 kinds of index subsystems as claimed in claim 2
Respectively according to respectively affiliated influence index of classification module in longitudinal expansion, composition belongs to total 15 class shadows of 4 column subsystems
Index of classification module is rung, the specific targets module of each column longitudinal direction body frame structure is as follows:
3.1 A1 operation behaviour systems expand into B1-1 construction operation, B1-2 engineering changes and environmental protection measure is implemented, the navigation channel B1-3
Operation and maintenance, B1-4 pop-up threat and this 4 class of meeting an urgent need influence index of classification module；
3.2 A2 habitat change systems expand into B2-1 hydrological environment, B2-2 water ecological environment, the variation of B2-3 social economic environment
This 3 class influences index of classification module；
3.3 A3 species activity systems expand into B3-1 biological activity, B3-2 ecosystem function, B3-3 human intervention, B3-4 weight
This movable 4 class of biometric key is wanted to influence index of classification module；
3.4 A4 ecology influence systems expand into the influence of B4-1 subitem, B4-2 superposition cumulative effect, the practicable effect of B4-3 environmental protection measure
Fruit, which influences, B4-4 influences this 4 class of duration influences index of classification module.
4. transverse branch framework according to claim 1, which is characterized in that 15 class as claimed in claim 3 is influenced class
For type Index module respectively according to respectively affiliated influence factor index further in horizontal spreading, composition belongs to 15 class index moulds
Block amounts to 39 groups of influence factor indexs, and the transverse branch framework of every class Index module is specific as follows:
4.1 B1-1 construction operations influence index of classification module and expand into C1-1-1 operation timing, C1-1-2 operation form, C1-1-
This 4 groups of influence factor indexs of 3 operation modes, C1-1-4 operation intensity；
4.2 B1-2 engineerings variation and environmental protection measure implement influence index of classification module expand into C1-2-1 construction operation variation,
C1-2-2 environmental protection measure changes this 2 groups of influence factor indexs；
The operation of 4.3 navigation channels B1-3 and maintenance influence index of classification module and expand into C1-3-1 navigation operation, C1-3-2 channel maintenance
This 2 groups of influence factor indexs；
4.4 B1-4 pop-up threats and emergency influence index of classification module and expand into C1-4-1 leak type, C1-4-2 leakage
Scale, C1-4-3 pollution risk probability, C1-4-4 emergency guard against this 4 groups of influence factor indexs；
4.5 B2-1 hydrological environments influence index of classification module and expand into C2-1-1 topography variation, C2-1-2 water flow variation, C2-1-
This 3 groups of influence factor indexs of 3 illumination variations；
4.6 B2-2 water ecological environments influence index of classification module and expand into C2-2-1 water quality, C2-2-2 seashore and deposition species
This 3 groups of influence factor indexs of type, C2-2-3 seashore and sediment quality；
The variation of 4.7 B2-3 social economic environments influences index of classification module and expands into C2-3-1 fishery, C2-3-2 water conservancy, C2-3-
3 environment, C2-3-4 traffic this 3 groups of influence factor indexs；
4.8 B3-1 biological activities influence index of classification module and expand into C3-1-1 coenology, C3-1-2 productivity, C3-1-3 life
Mass of object and C3-1-4 ecological toxicology this 4 groups of influence factor indexs；
4.9 B3-2 ecosystem functions influence index of classification module and expand into C3-2-1 Ecosystem Service, C3-2-2 ecological landscape
See this healthy 2 groups of influence factor indexs；
4.10 B3-3 human interventions influence index of classification module and expand into this group of influence factor index of C3-3-1 Mitigation methods；
4.11 B3-4 important biomolecule critical activities influence index of classification module and expand into the activity of C3-4-1 species, C3-4-2 activity
Change this 2 groups of influence factor indexs of correlation；
The influence index of classification module that 4.12 B4-1 subitem influences expand into C4-1-1 subitem operation directly affect, C4-1-2 point
Item operation influences this 2 groups of influence factor indexs indirectly；
The influence index of classification module of 4.13 B4-2 superposition cumulative effect expands into C4-2-1 multiclass engineering overlaying influence, C4-2-
This 2 groups of influence factor kind indexs of 2 multiclass engineering cumulative effects；
The influence index of classification module that 4.14 B4-3 environmental protection measures implement influential effect expands into the C4-3-1 environmental impact assessment stage and proposes to arrange
It applies, C4-3-2 engineering variation this 2 groups of influence factor indexs of follow up measure；
4.15 B4-4 influence duration influence index of classification module expand into C4-4-1 short-term effect, long-term shadow in C4-4-2
Ring this 2 groups of influence factor indexs.
5. longitudinal direction branch framework according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by 39 groups of influences as claimed in claim 4 because
For plain index respectively according to respectively affiliated monothetic classification sub-indicator further in longitudinal expansion, these belong to 39 groups of influences
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of the multiclass of factor index is specific as follows:
5.1 C1-1-1 operation timing influence factor indexs expand into D1-1-1-1 difference construction section integral construction operation timing peace
Row, cuts beach, builds a dam, river bottom protection, the multinomial Dan Yin of shore protection this 2 class of respective construction operation timing at the dredging of D1-1-1-2 difference construction section
Element classification sub-indicator；
5.2 C1-1-2 operation form influence factor indexs expand into the dredging of D1-1-2-1 difference construction section, cut beach, river bottom protection, shore protection
Design parameter as the water conservancy project structure material of construction, structure, form, job position and water flow, the depth of water, D1-1-2-2 are different
Construction section groynes, dykes and dams height of submerged breakwater construction, length, quantity, choose angle, spacing, whether include the excellent material of near-nature forest, permeability rate and
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 2 class of structural shape；
5.3 C1-1-3 operation mode influence factor indexs expand into D1-1-3-1 difference construction section river bottom protection different type soft raft
It is numerous that each construction operation type of paving mode, D1-1-3-2 difference construction section avoids fish egg-laying season, migration phase and protection animal
It grows phase each construction operation type of construction section different with the operation mode of children phase, D1-1-3-3 is comforted and avoids concentrating in same time period and make
The construction organization mode of industry, the dredging of D1-1-3-4 difference construction section and to cut beach excavations, transport, hydraulic reclamation, throwing this 4 class of bricklayer's's skill multinomial
Single factor test subitem classification indicators；
5.4 C1-1-4 operation intensity influence factor indexs expand into the work of each construction operation type of D1-1-4-1 difference construction section
Industry length, width, Fang Liang, waters and land-based area engaged position, area, duration this kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator；
5.5 C1-2-1 construction operations variation influence factor index expands into D1-2-1-1 waterway engineering environmental impact assessment phase and practice of construction
The dredging of phase cuts beach, builds a dam, construction operation timing, range, project amount, material, structure, the form of construction work of shore protection, river bottom protection engineering
Change this kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator；
5.6 C1-2-2 environmental protection measures variation influence factor index expands into D1-2-2-1 waterway engineering environmental impact assessment phase and practice of construction
The environmental protection measure variation of phase, D1-2-2-2 environmental protection measure implement the multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 2 class of situation；
5.7 C1-3-1 navigation influence on system operation factor index expands into D1-3-1-1 navigation ship tonne and quantity, ship type and combustion
Variation, the D1-3-1-2 bank traffic of a port, the variation of goods class, D1-3-1-3 ship and the harbour of material, loading type and freight volume
The multinomial monothetic classification subitem of this 4 class of water, gas, sound, solid waste discharge amount, D1-3-1-4 ship and port pollution Preventing Countermeasures
Index；
5.8 C1-3-2 channel maintenance influence factor indexs expand into the range of D1-3-2-1 channel maintenance dredging, the frequency, dredge
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 2 class of Countermeasures for Pollution Prevention that the amount of dredging, D1-3-2-2 channel maintenance are dredged；
5.9 C1-4-1 leak type influence factor indexs expand into D1-4-1-1 crude oil, heavy oil, oil spilling type as diesel oil,
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 2 class of the type of D1-4-1-2 hazardous chemical；
5.10 C1-4-2 leakage scale influence factor index, which expands into D1-4-2-1 and easily sends out spill-out, D1-4-2-2, easily gives vent to leakage
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 2 class of duration；
5.11 C1-4-3 pollution risk impact probability factor indexs expand into D1-4-3-1 ship and navigation channel bank oil spilling and chemistry
Product leakage pollution accident risk probability, D1-4-3-2 environmental pollution accident risks easily send out position, D1-4-3-3 classification wind direction and wind velocity statistics
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 3 class of probability；
5.12 C1-4-4 emergency defence influence factor index expand into D1-4-4-1 emergency disposal countermeasure and personnel equipment be equipped with,
The resource distribution of D1-4-4-2 environment sensitive, D1-4-4-3 emergency preplan, D1-4-4-4 pollution prewarning model, D1-4-4-5 damage are paid for
Repay and repair the multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 5 class of countermeasure；
5.13 C2-1-1 topography variation influence factor indexs expand into D2-1-1-1 difference construction section water front and water depth distribution variation
This kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator；
5.14 C2-1-2 water flow variation influence factor indexs expand into D2-1-2-1 difference construction section month by month or divide the water flow in season
Amount, flow direction, velocity flow profile change this kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator；
5.15 C2-1-3 illumination variation influence factor indexs expand into D2-1-3-1 difference construction section month by month or divide the illumination in season
This kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of condition changes in distribution；
5.16 C2-2-1 water quality impact factor indexs expand into pH, water in D2-2-1-1~D2-2-1-14 water quality spatial and temporal distributions
Temperature, suspended matter (SS), dissolved oxygen (DO), permanganate index (CODMn), it is five-day BOD (BOD5), total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, total
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 14 class of nitrogen, volatile phenol, petroleum-type, eutrophication index, arsenic, sulfide；
5.17 C2-2-2 seashores and sediment type influence factor index expand into D2-2-2-1 difference construction section particle diameter distribution,
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of D2-2-2-2 difference construction section this 2 class of habitat type；
5.18 C2-2-3 seashores and sediment quality influence factor index expand into D2-2-3-1~D2-2-3-11 seashore and sink
Petroleum-type, organic carbon in product amount of substance spatial and temporal distributions, pH, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, chromium, zinc, nickel this multinomial single factor test of 11 class
Classification sub-indicator；
5.19 C2-3-1 fishery Factors Affecting Parameters indexs expand into D2-3-1-1 fishery resources amount spatial and temporal distributions, D2-3-1-2
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 2 class of amount of fishing spatial and temporal distributions；
5.20 C2-3-2 water conservancy Factors Affecting Parameters indexs expand into D2-3-2-1 annual runoff spatial and temporal distributions, D2-3-2-2 mud
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 2 class of husky flux spatial and temporal distributions；
5.21 C2-3-3 environmental index influence factor indexs expand into D2-3-3-1, and to enter water pollutant flux spatial and temporal distributions this kind of more
Item monothetic classification sub-indicator；
5.22 C2-3-4 traffic indicators influence factor indexs expand into D2-3-4-1 difference construction section navigation environment variation bring
This kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of corresponding change；
It is floating that 5.23 C3-1-1 coenology influence factor indexs expand into D3-1-1-1 Chlorophyll-a Content spatial and temporal distributions, D3-1-1-2
Swim type composition, distributed number, sociales and the species diversity of plant, abundance, the type of D3-1-1-3 zooplankter form,
Distributed number, sociales and species diversity, abundance, the benthic type composition of D3-1-1-4, distributed number, sociales and
It is species diversity, abundance, type composition, distributed number, sociales and the species diversity of D3-1-1-5 intertidal organism, rich
Degree, type composition, distributed number, sociales and the species diversity of D3-1-1-6 water plant and aquatic vascular plant, abundance,
Type composition, sociales, Resource Density and the distribution of D3-1-1-7 fish eggs and larvae, D3-1-1-8 nekton type composition,
Sociales, Resource Density and distribution, the important Habitat for Fish in D3-1-1-9 engineering waters, migration channel, wintering ground, spawning ground,
Feeding ground and nursing ground distribution situation and its variation, D3-1-1-10 engineering Its Adjacent Waters fish production status, D3-1-1-11 treasure
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of dilute aquatic this 11 class of protection present state；
5.24 C3-1-2 productivity influence factor indexs expand into D3-1-2-1 primary productivity spatial and temporal distributions, D3-1-2-2 times
The grade multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of productivity this 2 class of spatial and temporal distributions；
5.25 C3-1-3 organism influencing factors of quality indexs expand into D3-1-3-1~D3-1-3-6 biology weight space-time point
Petroleum hydrocarbon, copper, zinc, lead, chromium, the multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 6 class of mercury in cloth；
It is this kind of that 5.26 C3-1-4 ecological toxicology influence factor indexs expand into D3-1-4-1 biology residual hazard (PCB) spatial and temporal distributions
Multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator；
5.27 C3-2-1 Ecosystem Service influence factor indexs expand into the adaptability of D3-2-1-1 shallow water, the seashore type that flows slowly
Habitat supply, the adaptability habitat supply of D3-2-1-2 diversity fluidised form type, the very aqueous vegetation type of D3-2-1-3 it is suitable
Raw habitat supply, D3-2-1-4 have adaptability habitat as permeable, water flowing and supply this multinomial monothetic classification of 4 class point
Item index；
5.28 C3-2-2 ecoscape health determinants indexs expand into D3-2-2-1 self-purification of water capacity variation, D3-2-
2-2 suitable habitats diversity and area change, D3-2-2-3 Habitat Fragmentation change the multinomial monothetic classification subitem of this 3 class and refer to
Mark；
5.29 C3-3-1 Mitigation methods influence factor indexs expand into D3-3-1-1 water repellent embodiment, D3-3-1-2 water
As raw biological protection, the relief of D3-3-1-3 aquatile, D3-3-1-4 enhancement releasing, artificial fish nest and phytobiocoenose are built
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 3 class of ecological recovery implementation result；
5.30 C3-4-1 species activity influence factor indexs expand into D3-4-1-1 and mainly protect dwelling for species and economic fish
It ceases, look for food, forage, breeding, oviposition, this kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of ecological habit as migration；
5.31 C3-4-2 activity change interdependence effects factor indexs expand into D3-4-2-1 important biomolecule coenology, habitat face
Product, Habitat Fragmentation, food source water source change this kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator with activity change correlation.
The influence factor index that 5.32 C4-1-1 subitem operation directly affects expands into D4-1-1-1 dredging, cuts beach, builds a dam, protecting
It is more that bottom, bank protection construction operation directly affect, the navigation channel D4-1-1-2 is run, maintenance directly affects this 2 class to ecological environment bring
Item monothetic classification sub-indicator；
The influence factor index that 5.33 C4-1-2 subitem operation influences indirectly expands into the D4-1-2-1 subitem indirect shadow of construction operation
It rings, the navigation channel D4-1-2-2 is run, maintenance influences the multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 2 class to ecological environment bring indirectly；
The influence factor index of 5.34 C4-2-1 multiclass engineering overlaying influences expand into D4-2-1-1 in the same or similar time and
Different type construction operation and navigation channel operation in spatial dimension are safeguarded to concentration of suspension, flow direction in noise in water, water
And same direct acting factor bring overlaying influence as flow velocity, habitat dynamics, seashore and benthon loss amount this
The multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of class；
It is more in engineering and influence area that the influence factor index of 5.35 C4-2-2 multiclass engineering cumulative effects expands into D4-2-2-1
Kind influences this kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of synthesis cumulative effect generated after superposition directly, indirectly；
5.36 C4-3-1 environmental impact assessment stages proposed that measure influence factor index expanded into the D4-3-1-1 engineering environmental impact assessment stage for thin
It dredges, cuts beach, builds a dam, the correspondence environmental protection measure implementation of conditions and reality of the operation of river bottom protection, bank protection construction operation and navigation channel, maintenance proposition
Apply effect, D4-3-1-2 oil spilling and the multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of chemical leakage this 2 class of corresponding emergency measure situation；
5.37 C4-3-2 engineerings variation follow up measure influence factor index expands into the variation of D4-3-2-1 engineering and affects correspondence
This kind of multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of follow up measure situation；
It is short that the influence factor index of 5.38 C4-4-1 short-term effects expands into D4-4-1-1 bring due to engineering construction and maintenance
Bring adversely affects this multinomial factor of 2 class list point in short term due to certain seasonal engineering operations by phase adverse effect, D4-4-1-2
Class sub-indicator；
The influence factor index influenced for a long time in 5.39 C4-4-2 expands into D4-4-2-1 engineering construction, safeguards that bring is unfavorable
Even if influence construction and maintenance terminate still to be difficult to obviously to be slowed down in a short time, the adverse effect of D4-4-2-2 engineering operation i.e.
Just seasonal variations are still difficult to obviously be slowed down the multinomial monothetic classification sub-indicator of this 2 class.
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| CN114066313A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-18 | 交通运输部水运科学研究所 | Method for comprehensively evaluating implementation effect of inland waterway ecological revetment project |
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| CN117875219A (en) * | 2024-03-11 | 2024-04-12 | 交通运输部规划研究院 | Simulation method and device for river mouth wetland vegetation space-time change under influence of canal navigation |
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