CN109914334A - A kind of classification mechanism based method analysis of fine generalization waterway engineering eco-environmental impact - Google Patents
A kind of classification mechanism based method analysis of fine generalization waterway engineering eco-environmental impact Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of classification mechanism based method analysis of fine generalization waterway engineering eco-environmental impact of the present invention, belong to Eco-environmental Impact Assessment technical field, it uses one group of form general model to carry out classification analysis shore protection, river bottom protection and dredging and cut beach, groynes and submerged breakwater engineering are in construction and the running eco-environmental impact mechanism of action, the phase is runed to the mechanism of action and interference channel of eco-environmental impact in navigation channel, the acting factor of waterway engineering construction and operation superposition accumulation eco-environmental impact, and representative Effects on Engineering prevention and the key effect of preventing measures are derived, establish waterway engineering eco-environmental impact mechanism based method analysis and process based on ecological habit and characteristic of laying eggs, for synthesis, completely, finely, in depth analyze waterway engineering eco-environmental impact mechanism, and then derive out suitable prevention and mitigation adverse effect countermeasuress, it is directed to Property carry out ecological waterway effect and planning, provide that science, system, comprehensively, effectively, finely the mechanism based method analysis generally changed is supported.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Eco-environmental Impact Assessment technical field, in particular to a kind of fine generalization waterway engineering ecology ring
The classification mechanism based method analysis that border influences.
Background technique
Waterway construction has the eco-environmental impact in front and negative two aspects.Its positive influences is that have in the operation phase
Certain ecological benefits, are embodied in: can improve with poised stream river regime condition, reduce river habitat mutation degree with
Frequency, by reduce hinder boat factor and improve navigation condition, reduce the generation of maritime accidents forecast, thus reduce ship spill and
Dangerous cargo accident probability reduces environmental nuisance risk；It includes the shore protection of construction period that it, which is negatively affected both, river bottom protection, builds a dam, cuts
The waterway engineerings construction infection such as beach, dredging, the also long-term influence including operation phase above-mentioned waterway engineering, channel maintenance dredging work
Influence and all these superpositions influenced to ecological environment with all kinds of pollutant emissions in ship shipping and harbour operation is tired
Product influences.
In order to actively carry out the design and planning of environmental waterway engineering, it is also very desirable to science, system, comprehensively, clearly
The eco-environmental impact mechanism of classification analysis waterway engineering, so be able to from it is comprehensive and targetedly comb out be suitble to it is pre-
Countermeasuress that are anti-and slowing down adverse effect.
Currently, it is less and more general and scattered to the research of waterway engineering eco-environmental impact mechanism based method analysis, mainly
The principle guidance and more specific quantitative evaluating method, mechanism impact analysis for resting on environmental impact assessment technology rest on
Analysis to single ecological factor is substantially at space state to the research of cumulative effect and overlaying influence mechanism, such as:
(1) it is proposed in professional standard " environmental impact assessment fire protection technology ecological environment " (HJ 19-2011), it be to each
Project content and Current Situation of Eco-environment are investigated and analysed, in such a way that analyzing influence acts on, range, intensity and continue
Time differentiates the impacted range of the ecosystem, intensity and duration, the change of the prediction ecosystem composition and service function
Change trend pays close attention to adverse effect, irreversible influence and accumulation ecology influence therein；But it does not suggest that in other refinements
Hold.
(2) some specific influence quantitative evaluating methods are proposed in environmental impact assessment engineer's vocational training teaching material, including such as
What estimates benthon loss amount according to boundary of works area, and how to predict concentration of suspension increment and range in water, how root
According to simulation and forecast result quantitative estimation plankton, fish eggs and larvae, Fishery Resources Loss amount etc..(" transportation class environment shadow
Ring evaluation " (on) (second harbour, harbour, navigation channel and storage project, Liu Zhenqi, Luo Xianqing, Qiao Bing, Li Xiangyang etc. write, in
Environmental science publishing house, state, 2011), " ocean engineering class environmental impact assessment " (Liu Zhenqi, Qiao Bing, Dong Zhenfang etc. write, China
Environmental science publishing house, 2012))
(3) existing periodical literature in the work progress of navigation channel to phytoplankton, zooplankter, benthon and fishery resources
Analysis on Mechanism etc. single ecological factor has carried out combing analysis.(Wan Qi, " shadow of the waterway regulation works to river ecological environment
Ring analysis ", Jiangxi building materials, 2014 (20): pp141；Chen Huafei, old pendant, " port and waterway engineering construction ecology influence and its
Countermeasure ", Information, 2017 (18): pp107~109)
Summary of the invention
(1) goal of the invention
In order to overcome existing waterway engineering eco-environmental impact mechanism based method analysis less and more general and it is scattered not
Foot, the present invention provide a kind of classification mechanism based method analysis of fine generalization waterway engineering eco-environmental impact, use one group it is general
Change model to come classification analysis bank-protection works, river bottom protection engineering, groynes and submerged breakwater engineering, dredge and cut beach engineering in construction and operation
On the mechanism of action that aquatic ecological environment influences, analyze ship shipping and harbour service to the mechanism of action of relevant environment receptor and
The superposition of interference channel, the construction of identification waterway engineering and operation, the acting factor for accumulating eco-environmental impact, and with river bottom protection engineering
With derived for groynes and submerged breakwater engineering influence prevention and preventing measures key effect, establish based on ecological habit and oviposition
The waterway engineering eco-environmental impact mechanism based method analysis and process of characteristic, to be synthesis, completely, finely, in depth analyze
Waterway engineering eco-environmental impact mechanism, and then the countermeasuress for the prevention and mitigation adverse effect being suitble to are derived out, it is directed to
Property carry out the design and planning of environmental waterway engineering, provide a kind of science, system, the machine comprehensively, effectively, finely generally changed
Analysis method is managed to support.
(2) technical solution
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: providing a kind of fine generalization waterway engineering ecology ring
The classification mechanism based method analysis that border influences, the process employs one group of form general models, carry out fine generalization ground analysis waterway engineering pair
The different type of ecological environment influences, and the corresponding key effect for deriving and embodying representative influence preventing measures, specific to wrap
It includes: Analysis on Mechanism form general model, river bottom protection and the dredging and cut beach engineering to ecological ring that bank-protection works influences aquatic ecological environment
Analysis on Mechanism of the Analysis on Mechanism and countermeasure key effect form general model, groynes and submerged breakwater engineering that border influences to eco-environmental impact
Generalization mould is analyzed to the mechanism of action and interference channel of eco-environmental impact with countermeasure key effect form general model, navigation channel operation phase
Type, waterway engineering are superimposed cumulative effect and acting factor identification form general model to ecological environment, based on ecological habit and oviposition spy
The waterway engineering eco-environmental impact mechanism based method analysis and process form general model of property.
The Analysis on Mechanism form general model that the bank-protection works influences aquatic ecological environment, which is characterized in that generalization analysis
Out there are two aspects of positive ecological effect and unfavorable ecology influence in bank-protection works eco-environmental impact, and short-term and medium-term and long-term
It influences, directly or indirectly influence multiple types, wherein positive ecological effect, which is embodied in, reinforces waterfront stability, the lateral punching of control
Brush reduces collapse on the bank, change of flow state provides diversity flow condition these aspects；It is dense that unfavorable short-term effect embodies suspended matter in water
Degree increase, planktonic organism, habitat of fish is damaged, noise increases, interferes to the sonar system of globefish class in water, fish are by frightened
Disturb these aspects；Unfavorable medium-term and long-term influence is embodied in hydrologic cycle and ecosystem connection, the life of reduction waters between barrier land and water
State system bank slope vegetation and the purification function of microorganism, benthon inhabit the type sum number of habitat some lost, zoobenthos
Amount decline, aquatic vascular plant habitat is impaired, influences to produce demersal egg or the Reproductive development of adhesive egg fish these aspects.
The Analysis on Mechanism form general model schematic diagram that the bank-protection works influences aquatic ecological environment is referring to Fig. 1.
It the river bottom protection and dredging and cuts beach engineering mould is generally changed to the Analysis on Mechanism of eco-environmental impact and countermeasure key effect
Type, which is characterized in that generalization, which analyzes river bottom protection and dredging and cut beach engineering, has direct, the indirect shadow of long-term and temporary both sides
Ring, and corresponding derive and embodies the key effect for influencing preventing measures, wherein it is long-term influence including cause local flow-shape and
Flow velocity changes, and then changes fish and planktonic organism habitat, while further including directly contributing benthon, aquatic vascular
Plant habitat is destroyed and loss, and can further result in benthon loss and produce demersal egg, the decline of adhesive egg stock of fish amount,
It is corresponding to derive out using environmental river bottom protection, dredging, seashore construction, implement enhancement releasing, construction ecological floating island, plantation emergent aquactic plant
Such countermeasure has the key effect for slowing down influence and restoring ecology；Temporary influence includes that construction causes suspended matter to increase,
It connects and causes fish, the decline of planktonic organism stock number, construction occupies waters and increases Sewage Water Emissions, makes water degradation, influence fish
Class lays eggs and looks for food, and construction causes noise to increase, and may interfere with fish and protection species orientation discrimination ability, to threaten it
Normally look for food, it is corresponding to derive out using reasonable arrangement construction time, selection low noise equipment, the countermeasure for establishing protection species rescue base
With slowing down the key effect of influence, and the key for taking the countermeasure of construction artificial fish nest and enhancement releasing that there is compensation ecology
Effect.
The river bottom protection and dredging and beach engineering is cut to the Analysis on Mechanism of eco-environmental impact and countermeasure key effect form general model
Schematic diagram is referring to fig. 2.
The Analysis on Mechanism and countermeasure key effect form general model of the groynes and submerged breakwater engineering to eco-environmental impact, spy
It levies specific as follows:
Form general model analysis process including a kind of waterway engineering individual works type, it may be assumed that first according to individual works class
Type analyzes its short-term Direct ecological impact with long-term two aspects, then analyzes corresponding advantageous and unfavorable indirect ecology influence,
Then the corresponding countermeasure key effect derived and embody that the environmental impact assessment phase proposes and the construction period is augmented；
It further include that generalization analyzes groynes, submerged breakwater engineering directly affects in short term, specially noise, suspended matter increase and occupy
Waters, and corresponding unfavorable indirect influence, specially aquatic life habitat destructions, water pollution, lay eggs to aquatile,
Breed and comfort children threaten, part benthon disappear；
And including generally change analyze groynes, submerged breakwater engineering directly affects for a long time, specially waters hydrodynamics condition and mud
Husky transport conditions change, and corresponding advantageous influence indirectly, specially build the alternate diversified water flow shape of torrent, unhurried current
State is conducive to increase bio-diversity, improves region environment, and corresponding unfavorable indirect influence, specially washes away region
It is difficult to construct stable habitable environment；
It also include generally dissolving environmental impact assessment phase proposition corresponding with above-mentioned adverse effect and construction time supplement preventing measures key work
With concrete embodiment are as follows: carry out ultrasonic wave before construction and drive fish and protect animal；Using low noise construction equipment and reduce high frequency
It taps；The reasonable arrangement construction time avoids the egg-laying season of fish as far as possible and protects species breeding period and comfort children phase, is arranged in low water
Phase construction；Implement Ecological Compensation；Eco-environment restoration and improvement plan are planned in advance；Periodically carry out aquatile and water environment because
Son monitoring；Ecological protection type groynes is reasonably selected, relevant design parameter is optimized；Dam structure preferentially uses nature, permeability rate excellent
Material and structure type；Eco package design is synchronous with groynes regulation major project to be implemented；Rationally setting Ecological Compensation region
And mode.
The Analysis on Mechanism and countermeasure key effect form general model schematic diagram of the groynes and submerged breakwater engineering to eco-environmental impact
Referring to Fig. 3.
The navigation channel operation phase analyzes form general model, feature tool to the mechanism of action and interference channel of eco-environmental impact
Body is as follows:
Form general model analysis process including a kind of waterway engineering classification influence mechanism and interference channel, it may be assumed that first
Different types of influence mechanism is listed in analysis, then refines the different source items for decompositing every class effect, and then correspondence analysis arranges
The interference channel of each effect source item out, and consequence caused by interference；
It further include generally dissolving the different influence mechanism of navigation channel operation 3 class of phase, respectively engineering construction is influenced for a long time, tieed up
Shield property dredging influence, ship trading ports j ob impact, wherein the effect source item that the engineering construction influences for a long time is subdivided into office
The landform of portion's bottom, substrate, bank variation, the effect source item that the maintenance dredging influences are subdivided into dredge area and mud dumping area bottom
Biotope Landscape of dwelling destroyed, dredge area and mud dumping area concentration of suspension increase, operation ship influence of noise, the ship shipping
The effect source item that harbour service influences is subdivided into ship and harbour exhaust gas, waste water, garbage emission, propeller are accidentally injured and engine is made an uproar
Acoustic jamming, ship and harbour pop-up threat；
The influence interference channel for generally dissolving above-mentioned each refining effect source item is still further comprised, local waters is respectively as follows:
Flow field change, navigation channel habitat change, bank river fluidised form, littoral zone habitat change, benthon species and biology
Amount is damaged, water quality condition and feed foundation change, interfere fish habitat and protection animal sonar system, water environment quality
It is deteriorated, occurs to accidentally injure fish and protection animal, interfere its breeding and activity, cause water area ecological environment pollution damage；
It further include the influence interference consequence for generally dissolving above-mentioned influence interference channel, being respectively as follows: influences part fish-egg
Drift path, waters biotic component even local ecosystem structure change, the part in Habitat for Fish and spawning ground changes
Become, aquatile and fishery resources are impaired, aquatile and fishery resources are impaired, fish and protection animal are impaired, population health
The impaired decline for being compromised with aquatile, accelerating regulation segment protection animal population quantity, population health are impaired and aquatic
The toxic hazard of biology.
The navigation channel run the phase to the mechanism of action and interference channel of eco-environmental impact analysis form general model schematic diagram referring to
Fig. 4.
The waterway engineering is superimposed cumulative effect to ecological environment and acting factor recognizes form general model, which is characterized in that
Generalization picks out waterway engineering to the superposition cumulative effect factor of ecological environment, mainly include shore protection, river bottom protection, dredge, cut beach,
In groynes, submerged breakwater construction and navigation channel operation to the occupancy in habitat, caused by breakage and change, to biological interference, injury and kind
Thing is easily sent out in the reduction of class and quantity, ship and harbour water, gas, sound, solid waste disposal of pollutants and oil spilling and chemical leakage shipping
Part pollution；And further generalization picks out waterway engineering to the superposition cumulative effect acting factor of ecological environment, mainly wraps
Effect of the above-mentioned impact factor to spawning ground, feeding ground, nursing ground, wintering ground, migration channel, these habitats of habitat is included, and
To water plant and aquatic vascular plant, phytoplankton, zooplankter, bottom are dwelt and intertidal zone animals, fish and necton, in imminent danger
The effect of these biologies of animal, and one is caused to the integrality of habitat and the biological ecosystem structure collectively constituted and function
It is fixed the effect of sound.
The waterway engineering is superimposed cumulative effect and acting factor identification form general model schematic diagram referring to Fig. 5 to ecological environment.
The waterway engineering eco-environmental impact mechanism based method analysis and process based on ecological habit and characteristic of laying eggs are general
Change model, which is characterized in that generally dissolve the method and process of a kind of waterway engineering eco-environmental impact Analysis on Mechanism, specifically such as
Under:
Step 1: analyze canonical biometric ecological habit and oviposition characteristic, Main Analysis its inhabit, breed, laying eggs, looking for food,
Forage raises an infant, is overwintering, migration critical activity basal conditions；
Step 2: identification canonical biometric Habitat Characteristics, specifically include that spawning ground, feeding ground, nursing ground, wintering ground,
The basal conditions of these habitats of migration channel；
Step 3: identification canonical biometric sensitivity behavioural characteristic, specifically include that breeding period, migrating property, feeding habits, the egg-laying season,
Raise an infant the phase, Wintering Period these sensitive habits basal conditions；
Step 4: analysis canonical biometric critical activity control environment condition, specifically include that suitable flow rate, breeding water temperature,
Water layer is inhabited, and the oviposition of production Drifting egg fish and fish-egg survive the particular/special requirement to oviposition and fish-egg drift waters, produce and sink
Property, the oviposition of adhesive egg fish and fish-egg survive the particular/special requirement to water flow and plant environment, protection animal to the water of habitat
Matter, water flow and sound environment quality particular/special requirement；
Step 5: analysis waterway engineering ecology influence and its preventing measures is specifically included that shore protection, river bottom protection, groynes, shallow
Beach, the analysis for dredging, cutting booth individual works and runing the eco-environmental impact interference channel and mechanism of action of operation, and dwelling
Breath ground occupancy, Habitat Fragmentation, suspended matter and the discharge of noise pollution object, protection species are interfered with these aspects, and there may be folded
Add, the analysis of cumulative effect, and the analysis of preventing measures key effect corresponding with above-mentioned influence.
The waterway engineering eco-environmental impact mechanism based method analysis and process based on ecological habit and oviposition characteristic are generally changed
Model schematic is referring to Fig. 6.
(3) advantage and effect
It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a kind of classification Analysis on Mechanism sides of fine generalization waterway engineering eco-environmental impact
Method, compensates for that existing waterway engineering eco-environmental impact mechanism based method analysis is less, is concerned only with influence to single ecological factor
Analysis on Mechanism, the general and scattered deficiency of analysis method comparison have filled up the sky of the research to cumulative effect and overlaying influence mechanism
It is white.
Using one group of form general model come classification analysis bank-protection works, river bottom protection engineering, groynes and submerged breakwater engineering, dredge and cut beach
The mechanism of action that engineering influences aquatic ecological environment in construction and operation, work of the analysis navigation channel operation to relevant environment receptor
With mechanism and interference channel, recognizes the superposition of waterway engineering construction and operation, accumulates the acting factor of eco-environmental impact, and with
The key effect for influencing prevention and preventing measures is derived for river bottom protection engineering and groynes and submerged breakwater engineering, is established and is practised based on ecology
Property and oviposition characteristic waterway engineering eco-environmental impact mechanism based method analysis and process, thus to be comprehensive, complete, fine, deep
Analyze waterway engineering eco-environmental impact mechanism with entering, and then the countermeasure for deriving out the prevention and mitigation adverse effect being suitble to is arranged
Apply, targetedly carry out the design and planning of environmental waterway engineering, provide a kind of science, system, comprehensively, effectively, it is smart
The mechanism based method analysis carefully generally changed is supported.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: the Analysis on Mechanism form general model schematic diagram that bank-protection works influences aquatic ecological environment；
Fig. 2: it river bottom protection and dredging and cuts beach engineering mould is generally changed to the Analysis on Mechanism of eco-environmental impact and countermeasure key effect
Type schematic diagram；
Fig. 3: groynes and submerged breakwater engineering illustrate the Analysis on Mechanism and countermeasure key effect form general model of eco-environmental impact
Figure；
Fig. 4: it runs the phase and form general model schematic diagram is analyzed to the mechanism of action and interference channel of eco-environmental impact in navigation channel；
Fig. 5: waterway engineering recognizes form general model schematic diagram to the acting factor of ecological environment superposition cumulative effect；
Fig. 6: waterway engineering eco-environmental impact mechanism based method analysis and process based on ecological habit and characteristic of laying eggs are general
Change model schematic.
Specific embodiment
With " the following deep water fairway the second stage of the project of Changjiang River Nanjing " for case study on implementation, collect and engineering section shore protection, slope protection, shield
Bottom, submerged breakwater, construction content groynes, dredged, cut beach engineering, organization and administration, the relevant technical data of arrangement and method for construction, and carry out existing
Field research work is collected both at home and abroad about similar engineering construction and the related literatures of operation, by each individual event construction
Hold condition of construction to summarize, according to the above-mentioned 6 class waterway engineering eco-environmental impact Analysis on Mechanism form general model of building, detailed analysis
It is short-term and long to analyze it according to individual works type to the mechanism of action and interference channel of environment receptor for each engineering construction content
The Direct ecological impact of two aspects of phase, then analyze corresponding advantageous and unfavorable indirect ecology influence and countermeasure.Analyze result such as
Under:
1) the second stage of waterway revetment engineering above water geotextiles are usually seepy material, and underwater steel wire string bag jackstone also helps
In reducing barrier of the shore protection to exchanges of mass and energy, totally meet material, structure and the laying process requirement of ecological revetment.
Shore protection total length is 47435m, and mean breadth is permanent to occupy about 94.9 ten thousand m of water surface area based on 20m2, the bottom of the water surface area
Biological habitat function of dwelling will be lost in construction time and convalescence, stone pocket is slowly fills up to silt, the aquatile of shore protection dwells
Breath function partly can slowly be restored.
2) the second stage of navigation channel river bottom protection engine noise influence field monitoring shows that soft raft is laid on from the nearlyr waters (10m that constructs
Range) underwater noise spectrum level up to 105~115dB, agitation can be generated for a certain range of fish and black finless porpoise, influence
Implementing for control way " reduce to the greatest extent high frequency percussion " should be required in modern-style construction；" lectotype selection will select
Meet the low noise acoustic equipment of acoustic environment standard " implement should be required in construction bid contract；To reduce river bottom protection material pair
WaterThe effect that substance, energy exchange obstruct between soil, most of levee body row is woven geotextile sand ribbed soft mattress, the remaining big portion of row
It is divided into needling composite geotextile sand ribbed soft mattress and concrete interlocking segment soft raft, small part levee body river bottom protection and remaining row's river bottom protection use
Concrete interlocking block soft mattress, all row sides, which are all made of, aggravates ballast processing, has from material, structure and construction technology certain
Reduction to waterThe effect that substance, energy exchange obstruct between soil；Planktonic organism is influenced to slow down, river bottom protection construction operation peace
Completion in March November in dry season to next year is come, and by arranging turbidity prevention curtain apart from the closer construction section of intake, reduces jackstone
Concentration of suspension in the water of operation, for slow down on benthon influence, formulate and implement continuous 3 years launch it is benthic
Plan, so that biological species and quantity are restored；To slow down the influence to fish, fish and artificial fish nest are driven to using ultrasonic
Technology has carried out development test, has carried out construction artificial fish nest restoration of the ecosystem activity and fish multiplication releases Ecological Compensation activity；
Rare aquatic wild protection animal is influenced to slow down, has built globefish class nature reserve area rescue base.
3) the second stage of navigation channel groynes, submerged breakwater engineering construction noise protection animal in imminent danger to fish, Yangtze finless porpoise etc. will cause one
Arresting convulsion is disturbed, and suspension bed sediment abruptly increase caused by construction has an adverse effect to the productivity and grazing rate of zooplankter, fish, regulation
Structures occupy local waters and are destroyed to benthon habitat in the region, cause benthon to disappear, structures are formed
Afterwards, it is formed about different fluidised form regions, regulation section main flow area flow velocity is significantly increased, fluidised form complexity, water at abutment
Disorder is flowed, riverbed is in scouring state, and substrate is unstable, influences zoobenthos existence, and then influence the existence of aquatic animals and plants
Environment, and the recirculating zone flow velocity before and after the non-through navigating area of bifurcated section and groynes is reduced, tend to mitigate, habitat conditions phase
To good, flow velocity, the depth of water are suitable for having stable substrate to inhabit for zoobenthos and taking root with water plant, other animals such as fish
Also it can select to live herein, in addition build the alternate diversified section form of torrent, unhurried current in regulation section section, be conducive to
Increase bio-diversity, improves section ecology.Eco package design should design simultaneously, together with groynes, submerged breakwater regulation major project
When construction, put into operation simultaneously, in construction premise preplanning eco-environment restoration and improvement plan, carry out Ecological Compensation: dispensing
Benthon；Artificial fish nest is built, carries out aquatile artificial fecundation and releases；Suitable waters is selected to set up artificial spawning ground, rope
Bait field, wintering ground compensate the fish " three " lost because engineering is occupied；It, can when the migration channel of important fish is impacted
Consider groynes and boat slot between transitional region reserved space, pass through for fish migration, and periodically regulation section and near
Carry out aquatile and Water Factors monitoring, effect is assessed.Ecological protection type groynes should be reasonably selected, according to reality
Situation optimal design parameter, including height of dam, dam length, quantity, choose angle, material category, structural shape, dam spacing etc.；Dam structure
It is considered as near-nature forest, permeability rate excellent material and structural shape.Dynamic is formed to new water-sediment mathematical model and constraint condition
After balance, unfavorable ecology influence can gradually be restored.
4) just logical phase Preliminary design dredging amount is 611.7 ten thousand m to the second stage of the project3, subsequent capital construction Preliminary design dredging amount is
745.6 ten thousand m3, it is assumed that average dredging depth 2.17m, just logical phase and dredging of subsequent capital construction phase area are respectively 281.9 ten thousand m2With
343.6 ten thousand m2, add up to dredging about 6,260,000 m of area2, subsequent dredging maintenance phase Preliminary design dredging amount is 626.1m3, it is assumed that it is average
Dredging depth 1.0m dredges about 6,260,000 m of area2.Since the duration of construction time and runtime are dredged, 6,260,000 m2Bottom dwell
Biology is inhabited function and is lost substantially, inhabites biological species, density and biomass and will be less than non-dredged region.In addition, dredging
Work progress, concentration of suspension can also increase in the water of regional area, lead to the unfavorable shadow to plankton and fish growth
It rings, with the end of construction, which disappears therewith.
5) the second stage of the project operation phase eco-environmental impact is embodied in, and mattress sinking engineering becomes local bed configuration and substrate
Change, causes bed mud to be lost, different degrees of variation occurs for flow field, water quality condition and the feed foundation of local section；Engineering part
The flow-shape and littoral zone ecological environment in bank and river are changed, the drift route of part fish-egg, while Provincial Shipping Volume are influenced
Increase, can interfere the oviposition activity of fish also result in the ovum seedling death rate raising, influence the early stage resource situation in the basin.By
Less in hydrologic regime variation, the oviposition of fish and early stage resource will be gradually recovered；Shield beach (bottom) band reduces transitional reach
The area of phytal zone likes the meiobenthos of flowing water and cobble, grit substrate that can accordingly lose the suitable habitat in part
And spawning ground, so that local section biotic component even local ecosystem structure is changed.Yangtze finless porpoise is to 45~139kHz
Sound it is extremely sensitive, when load-carrying tjemplon navigates by water, even if at a distance of 200m, the influence to black finless porpoise is also obvious；Speedboat exists
At 200m, or when unloaded tjemplon navigates by water at 40m, have an impact to black finless porpoise.If the distance between navigating ship and black finless porpoise
Closer again, influence of the ship noise to black finless porpoise can become apparent from after the second stage of the project builds up, and navigation seagoing vessel is increased to from 3 10,000 tons
5 10,000 tons, as engine noise source item before engineering than increasing, shipping noise can obviously increase the adverse effect of black finless porpoise, add
The black finless porpoise protection in strong riverine navigation channel is imperative.Pop-up threat mainly includes that marine incident leads to fuel oil, raw material leakage
Situations such as, damage is polluted to aquatile.Wherein, fuel leakage will lead to accident and river section occur to be distributed in lower curtate
When black finless porpoise goes out aquatic respiration, greasy dirt is adhered on the skin, causes its breathing to generate difficult,.Raw material leakage leads to downstream river Duan Shui
Qualitative change, the case where may cause the threat to life such as fish and black finless porpoise acute poisoning generation.As navigation condition improves, ship stream
Amount increases, and ship navigation density increases with it, and all kinds of pollutant discharge amounts when vessel motion and the general of collision accident occurs
Rate improves, if prevention missing or improper, will cause ship aqueous vapor sound solid waste pollution and ship spill, raw material are let out
Leakage, leads to change of water quality, causes aquatile to be poisoned or even threat to life, to cause not to population health and aquatile
Benefit influences, and then influences aquatic food web.In addition, the eco-environmental impact of maintenance dredging also can not be ignored.
6) according to it is aforementioned to construction time shore protection, river bottom protection, groynes, shallow dike, dredge, cut booth operation and operation phase shipping operation
The analysis of interference channel and mechanism of action is influenced on aquatic ecological, the second stage of full section in navigation channel is in habitat occupancy and habitat fragmentation
Change, there may be superpositions, tired to protection species interference etc. for suspended particulate and the discharge of noise pollution object, construction and operation operation
Product influences, and it is mostly important and sensitive Habitat for Fish that the place of reproductive process is completed in spawning ground, which as fish, and lay eggs fish
It is broadly divided into and produces Drifting egg and produce viscous/two class of demersal egg, produce Drifting egg fish to the river depth of water, water temperature, flow velocity and fluidised form
There is higher requirement, mainly appears on riverbed section jumpy (such as near rock head), hydrodynamic condition is a degree of
Change (such as whirlpool water) fish can be stimulated to ovulate, the second stage of the project waters representativeness fish be four large Chinese carp of the Changjiang river (black carp, grass carp,
Silver carp, bighead), mullet, long-snout catfish, knife long-tailed anchovy；It produces viscous/demersal egg fish and mainly appears on flow-shape and compare mitigation even
Hydrostatic and water plant section abundant, since fish-egg specific gravity is greater than water, hatching often needs to be attached to water plant or chad, silt table
Face, the second stage of the project waters representativeness fish be carp, crucian, fugu obscurus, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, erythroculter ilishaeformis, Plagiognathops microlepis, in
Magnificent Eriocheir, bream.Adverse effect is accumulated to prevent and mitigate waterway engineering to the superposition of these fish, according to shown in table 1
Representative fish living environment and habit targetedly should prevent and mitigate the countermeasuress adversely affected by planning and implementation.
The representative fish living environment of table 1 and habit
In addition, also being constructed based on the above-mentioned waterway engineering eco-environmental impact classification mechanism based method analysis finely generally changed
Waterway engineering eco-environmental impact multi-layer comprehensive index system (see Table 2 for details), for instructing waterway engineering by Ecological Concept point
Mechanism, is specifically implemented in design, construction, fortune point influence type, point influence factor with dividing monothetic classification sub-indicator
Battalion, the evaluation of environmental protection measure implementation result trace analysis, and the specific implementation of ecological waterway construction for science, effectively subtract
The ecological disruption of few waterway engineering slows down eco-environmental impact with important theory significance and practical advice effect.
2 waterway engineering eco-environmental impact multi-layer comprehensive index system list of table
Equally based on the above-mentioned waterway engineering eco-environmental impact classification mechanism based method analysis finely generally changed, life is also constructed
State navigation channel accordance evaluation index system, the ecology navigation channel accordance indicator sub-item stepping scoring hierarchy of criteria therein contain 32
The qualitative or quantitative scoring criterion of item 5 class states of index, it is horizontal for the ecology after measurement navigation channel ecological construction, it is comprehensive anti-
The nature and social property in ecological navigation channel are reflected, the construction and management in ecological navigation channel is instructed, evaluates its effect, provide clear, complete
It is whole, full and accurate, can quantification technical criteria system (see Table 3 for details), in which:
1) shore bank bandwidth C21, shore bank band gradient C22, shore protection Type C 23, cross connection C25, environmental structure grass
The indexs such as kind C32, vegetation coverage C34 have been directed to shore protection, the eco-environmental impact of slope protection works and countermeasure, main according to shore protection
Engineering constructs the Analysis on Mechanism form general model that aquatic ecological environment influences；
2) longitudinal linkage C24, base type C41, water transparency C44, zoobenthos number of species C52, bottom are dwelt
The indexs such as object situation C53 have been directed to river bottom protection and dredging and cut the eco-environmental impact and countermeasure of beach engineering, it is main according to river bottom protection and
Beach engineering is dredged and cuts to construct the Analysis on Mechanism of eco-environmental impact with countermeasure key effect form general model；
3) indexs such as terrain complexity C42, hydrodynamic condition C43 have been directed to groynes, submerged breakwater, engineering eco-environmental impact
And countermeasure, it is main according to groynes and submerged breakwater engineering to Analysis on Mechanism and the countermeasure key effect form general model of eco-environmental impact and
Building；
4) navigation width C 11, pass through curve C12, navigation mark very well equipped rate C13, vision satisfaction C14, water surface cleaning
The indexs such as degree C62, clean energy degree C72, maintenance difficulty C74, fleet comprehensive pollution index C75 have been directed to the operation of engineering projects phase
Eco-environmental impact and countermeasure, it is main to be analyzed generally according to the mechanism of action and interference channel of the navigation channel operation phase to eco-environmental impact
Change model and constructs；
5) Species richness C31, fish species C54, species quantity turnover rate C35, be easy to hydrophily C61, shore bank band scape
See C63, infrastructure is improved the indexs such as rate C71, management system C73, service area distributive law C76, service area serviceability rate C77 and is directed to
The superposition of engineering construction and operation accumulation eco-environmental impact and countermeasure, it is main ecological environment is superimposed according to waterway engineering it is tired
The acting factor that product influences recognizes form general model, the waterway engineering eco-environmental impact mechanism based on ecological habit and characteristic of laying eggs
Analysis method and process form general model and construct.
The qualitative or quantitative scoring hierarchy of criteria list of 3 32, the table class state of index 5
Claims (7)
1. a kind of classification mechanism based method analysis of fine generalization waterway engineering eco-environmental impact, which is characterized in that use one
Group form general model carrys out fine generalization ground analysis waterway engineering to the influence of the different type of ecological environment, and corresponds to and derive and body
The property represented influences the key effect of preventing measures, specifically includes: the Analysis on Mechanism that bank-protection works influences aquatic ecological environment
Form general model, river bottom protection and dredging and cut beach engineering to the Analysis on Mechanism and countermeasure key effect form general model of eco-environmental impact,
Groynes and submerged breakwater engineering run the phase to ecology to the Analysis on Mechanism and countermeasure key effect form general model of eco-environmental impact, navigation channel
The mechanism of action and interference channel that environment influences analyze form general model, waterway engineering and are superimposed cumulative effect and effect to ecological environment
The factor recognizes form general model, waterway engineering eco-environmental impact mechanism based method analysis and stream based on ecological habit and characteristic of laying eggs
Journey form general model.
2. the Analysis on Mechanism form general model that bank-protection works according to claim 1 influences aquatic ecological environment, specific
Feature is as follows:
2.1 generalization analyze bank-protection works eco-environmental impact and there are two aspects of positive ecological effect and unfavorable ecology influence,
And it is short-term and medium-term and long-term influence, directly or indirectly influence multiple types；
The 2.2 positive ecological effects according to claim 2.1 are embodied in and reinforce waterfront stability, control laterally
It washes away, reduces collapse on the bank, change of flow state provides diversity flow condition these aspects；
The 2.3 unfavorable short-term effects according to claim 2.1 embody concentration of suspension in water and increase, swim
In terms of biology, habitat of fish are damaged, noise increases, interferes to the sonar system of globefish class in water, fish are by these are alarmed；
The 2.4 unfavorable medium-term and long-term influences according to claim 2.1, be embodied in barrier land and water between hydrologic cycle and
Ecosystem connection, reduction aquatic ecosystem bank slope vegetation and the purification function of microorganism, benthon inhabit habitat part
It loses, the decline of the type and quantity of zoobenthos, aquatic vascular plant habitat is impaired, influences to produce demersal egg or adhesive egg fish
Reproductive development these aspect.
3. river bottom protection according to claim 1 and dredging and cutting beach engineering to the Analysis on Mechanism and countermeasure of eco-environmental impact
Key effect form general model, specific features are as follows:
3.1 generalization analyze river bottom protection and dredging and cut beach engineering exist for a long time and temporarily of both influence directly, indirectly, and it is right
It should derive and embody the key effect for influencing preventing measures；
The 3.2 long-term influences according to claim 3.1, specifically include:
3.2.1 it causes local flow-shape and flow velocity to change, and then changes fish and planktonic organism habitat；
3.2.2 benthon, aquatic vascular plant habitat destruction and loss are directly contributed, and benthon can be further resulted in
Loss and production demersal egg, the decline of adhesive egg stock of fish amount；
The 3.3 specific long-term influences according to claim 3.2.2, corresponding its can derive out, using environmental river bottom protection, dredge
Dredge, seashore construction, implement enhancement releasing, construction ecological floating island, plantation emergent aquactic plant as countermeasure, have slow down influence and it is extensive
The key effect of demutation state；
3.4 temporary influences according to claim 3.1, specifically include:
3.3.1 construction causes suspended matter to increase, and causes fish, the decline of planktonic organism stock number indirectly；
3.3.2 construction occupies waters increase Sewage Water Emissions, makes water degradation, influences fish oviposition and looks for food；
3.3.3 construction causes noise to increase, and may interfere with fish and protection species orientation discrimination ability, to threaten it normal
It looks for food；
The 3.4 specific temporary influences according to claim 3.3.3, corresponding its can derive out, using the reasonable arrangement construction time,
Selection low noise equipment, the countermeasure for establishing protection species rescue base, have the key effect for slowing down influence, and can derive out,
The countermeasure of construction artificial fish nest and enhancement releasing is taken, there is the key effect of compensation ecology.
4. groynes according to claim 1 and submerged breakwater engineering make the Analysis on Mechanism and countermeasure key of eco-environmental impact
With form general model, specific features are as follows:
4.1 include a kind of waterway engineering individual works type form general model analysis process, it may be assumed that according to individual works type → point
Analyse the corresponding advantageous and unfavorable indirect ecology influence → correspondence of Direct ecological impact → analysis of its short-term and long-term two aspect
Derive and embody the countermeasure key effect that the environmental impact assessment phase proposes and the construction period is augmented；
4.2 generalization analyze groynes, the short-term of submerged breakwater engineering directly affects, specifically: noise, suspended matter increase and occupy water
Domain；And corresponding unfavorable indirect influence, specially aquatic life habitat destructions, water pollution, lay eggs to aquatile, be numerous
Grow and comfort children threaten, part benthon disappear；
4.3 generalization analyze groynes, submerged breakwater engineering directly affects for a long time, specially waters hydrodynamics condition and Sediment Transport feelings
Condition changes, and corresponding advantageous influence indirectly, specially builds the alternate diversified flow shape of torrent, unhurried current, favorably
In increasing bio-diversity, improves region environment, and corresponding unfavorable indirect influence, specially wash away region and be difficult to construct
Stable habitable environment；
4.4 generally dissolve environmental impact assessment phase proposition corresponding with above-mentioned adverse effect and construction time supplement preventing measures key effect, specifically
It embodies are as follows: carry out ultrasonic wave before construction and drive fish and protection animal；Using low noise construction equipment and reduce high frequency percussion；It closes
Reason arranges the construction time, avoids the egg-laying season of fish as far as possible and protects species breeding period and comfort children phase, is arranged in dry season construction；
Implement Ecological Compensation；Eco-environment restoration and improvement plan are planned in advance；Periodically carry out aquatile and Water Factors monitoring；
Ecological protection type groynes is reasonably selected, relevant design parameter is optimized；Material that dam structure preferentially uses nature, permeability rate excellent and
Structure type；Eco package design is synchronous with groynes regulation major project to be implemented；Rationally setting Ecological Compensation region and mode.
5. the navigation channel operation phase according to claim 1 analyzes the mechanism of action and interference channel of eco-environmental impact general
Change model, specific features are as follows:
5.1 include a kind of form general model analysis process of waterway engineering classification influence mechanism and interference channel, it may be assumed that analysis column
Different source item → correspondence analysis that different types of influence mechanism → refinement decomposites every class effect out list each effect source
Consequence caused by the interference channel of item, and interference；
5.2 generally dissolve the different influence mechanism of navigation channels operation 3 class of phase, be respectively as follows: engineering construction influences for a long time, maintainability it is thin
Dredge influence, ship trading ports j ob impact, effect source item, corresponding influences interference channel, it is corresponding caused by influence to interfere
Consequence is specific as follows:
5.2.1 the engineering construction influences for a long time, effect source item subdivision are as follows: the landform of partial bottom bed, substrate, bank variation,
Corresponding influence interference channel is respectively as follows: local waters flow field change, navigation channel habitat changes, bank flow-shape, offshore
Band habitat changes, and interference consequence is influenced caused by corresponding and is respectively as follows: influence part fish-egg drift path, waters biotic component
Even local ecosystem structure changes, Habitat for Fish and the local of spawning ground change；
5.2.2 the maintenance dredging influences, effect source item subdivision are as follows: dredge area and mud dumping area benthon habitat are by broken
Bad, dredge area and mud dumping area concentration of suspension increase, operation ship influence of noise, and corresponding influence interference channel is respectively as follows: bottom
Dwell impaired biological species and biomass, water quality condition and feed foundation changes, interfere fish habitat and protect animal sonar
System, influenced caused by corresponding interference consequence be respectively as follows: aquatile and fishery resources are impaired, aquatile and fishery resources by
Damage, fish and protection animal are impaired；
5.2.3 the ship trading ports j ob impact, effect source item subdivision are as follows: ship and harbour exhaust gas, waste water, rubbish row
It puts, propeller is accidentally injured and engine noise interference, ship and harbour pop-up threat, corresponding influence interference channel difference
Are as follows: water environment quality is deteriorated, occurs to accidentally injure fish and protection animal, interfere its breeding and activity, cause water area ecological environment
Pollution damage influences interference consequence and is respectively as follows: that population health is impaired and aquatile is compromised, accelerates to renovate caused by corresponding
Protect the decline of animal population quantity, population health impaired and the toxic hazard of aquatile in segment.
6. waterway engineering according to claim 1 is superimposed cumulative effect to ecological environment and acting factor recognizes generalization mould
Type, specific features are as follows:
6.1 generalization pick out waterway engineering to the superposition cumulative effect factor of ecological environment, specifically include that shore protection, river bottom protection, dredge
Dredge, cut in beach, groynes, submerged breakwater construction and navigation channel operation to the occupancy in habitat, caused by breakage and change, to biological interference,
Injury and the reduction of type and quantity, ship and harbour water, gas, sound, solid waste disposal of pollutants and oil spilling and chemical leakage boat
Transport stressful events pollution；
6.2 generalization pick out waterway engineering to the superposition cumulative effect acting factor of ecological environment, specifically include that claim
Effect of the impact factor described in 6.1 to spawning ground, feeding ground, nursing ground, wintering ground, migration channel, these habitats of habitat,
With to water plant and aquatic vascular plant, phytoplankton, zooplankter, bottom are dwelt and intertidal zone animals, fish and necton, are on the point of
Effects of these biologies of danger animal, and the integrality of habitat and the biological ecosystem structure collectively constituted and function is caused
The effect centainly influenced.
7. the waterway engineering eco-environmental impact mechanism point according to claim 1 based on ecological habit and oviposition characteristic
Analysis method and process form general model, which is characterized in that generally dissolve a kind of method of waterway engineering eco-environmental impact Analysis on Mechanism
And process, it is specific as follows:
7.1 steps 1: analyze canonical biometric ecological habit and oviposition characteristic, Main Analysis its inhabit, breed, laying eggs, looking for food,
Forage raises an infant, is overwintering, migration critical activity basal conditions；
7.2 steps 2: identification canonical biometric Habitat Characteristics specifically include that spawning ground, feeding ground, nursing ground, wintering ground, whirl
Swim the basal conditions of these habitats of channel；
7.3 steps 3: identification canonical biometric sensitivity behavioural characteristic specifically includes that breeding period, migrating property, feeding habits, the egg-laying season, educates
The basal conditions of these sensitive habits of children phase, Wintering Period；
7.4 steps 4: analysis canonical biometric critical activity control environment condition specifically includes that suitable flow rate, breeding water temperature, dwells
Cease water layer, and produce the oviposition of Drifting egg fish and fish-egg survive the particular/special requirement to oviposition and fish-egg drift waters, produce heavy property,
The oviposition of adhesive egg fish and fish-egg survive the particular/special requirement to water flow and plant environment, protection animal to the water quality of habitat,
Water flow and sound environment quality particular/special requirement；
7.5 steps 5: analysis waterway engineering ecology influence and its preventing measures is specifically included that shore protection, river bottom protection, groynes, shallow
Dike, the analysis for dredging, cutting booth individual works and runing the eco-environmental impact interference channel and mechanism of action of operation, and dwelling
Breath ground occupancy, Habitat Fragmentation, suspended matter and the discharge of noise pollution object, protection species are interfered with these aspects, and there may be folded
Add, the analysis of cumulative effect, and influences the analysis of corresponding preventing measures key effect with these.
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