CN106018242B - A kind of saturated soft soil centrifugation seepage apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of saturated soft soil centrifugation seepage apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN106018242B CN106018242B CN201610526244.2A CN201610526244A CN106018242B CN 106018242 B CN106018242 B CN 106018242B CN 201610526244 A CN201610526244 A CN 201610526244A CN 106018242 B CN106018242 B CN 106018242B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of saturated soft soils to be centrifuged seepage apparatus, packet rotating electric machine (60), glass scales rotating cylinder (66), reservoir (10) and glass scales cylinder (64), the glass scales rotating cylinder (66) includes with graduated barrel, coaxial big hollow cylinder permeable stone (20) and small hollow cylinder permeable stone (8), and material is pervious concrete；Machine shaft (4) in the middle part of glass scales rotating cylinder (66) to stretch out cylinder bottom；Soil sample groove (9) are formed between the big inner wall of hollow cylinder permeable stone (20) and the outer wall of small hollow cylinder permeable stone (8)；Cavity (21) between small hollow cylinder permeable stone (8) and machine shaft (4) is connected with the reservoir (10) being disposed below, and reservoir (10) is connected by water pipe (12) with glass scales cylinder (64).The present invention being capable of weak soil seepage consolidation characteristic under more accurate simulation dynamic loading.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of saturated soft soils to be centrifuged seepage apparatus.
Background technique
Soil body penetration characteristic is the importance of Characteristics of Geotechnical Engineering research, and measurement soil body penetration characteristic index is infiltration system
The experimental provision of number, existing measurement infiltration coefficient mainly has constant head darcy flow instrument and varying head darcy flow instrument, the experiment
Instrument has many advantages, such as accuracy height, technology maturation to sand gas permeability measurement.
But saturated soft soil has, and moisture content is high, compressibility is high, void ratio is high, bearing capacity is low, infiltration is small " three high two is low "
Characteristic, seepage flow often shows non-darcy flow characteristic.Using existing constant head darcy flow instrument and varying head darcy
Seepage instrument will lead to result to weak soil gas permeability measurement and deviate engineering reality, can not instruct geotechnical engineering investigation, it is more likely that
Huge loss is brought to geotechnical engineering design, construction.
With the continuous quickening of city process, the traffic engineering such as subway, railway, highway are quickly grown, China it is built and
The High Speed Rail Projects built rank the first in the world.Geotechnical engineering investigation more pays close attention to different frequency dynamic load to Technical Characteristics of Mild Clay
With pollutant in soil migration problem, especially dynamic load and centrifugation coupling under in weak soil seepage characteristic problem, at present still
Using existing constant head darcy flow instrument and varying head darcy flow instrument to weak soil gas permeability measurement, not with engineering practice
Symbol, can not simulating pollution object how to be migrated in soil, lack corresponding experimental provision.
So people start increasingly research of the concern to weak soil seepage characteristic, and theoretical research and engineering experience are accumulated
Research achievement be applied to engineering practice in.
Centrifugal machine model trial is that research rock-soil dynamics problem is most effective, state-of-the-art scientific experimentation by internationally recognized
Platform.Columbia Univ USA in 1931 develops the geotechnical centrifuge that First radius in the world is 0.25m, 19 generation first
It records the beginning of the seventies, geotechnical centrifuge develops in succession in American and Britain, the Soviet Union, method, Deng state, develops turntable type centrifuge, basket-hanging
Centrifuge and drum centrifuge, China started to pay attention to power centrifuge technique the eighties in 19th century, and nineteen eighty-two is by the Changjiang river science
Referred to as, maximum centrifugal acceleration reaches 300g, capacity 150g-t effective radius 3m for research institute.Up to now, China possesses more than 20
Desk centrifuge.Test model can truely and accurately reflect the condition and behavior of prototype, need to meet between model and prototype several
What three primary condition of similar, kinematic similitude and dynamic similitude law, i.e., corresponding between the similarity criterion and parameter of each parameter
Rapport.
Although traditional turntable type centrifuge, suspended centrifugal and drum centrifuge can achieve the effect that be centrifuged seepage flow,
The features such as but due to complicated for operation, the scale of construction of seepage instrument is big, and testing expenses are high, and test accuracy is low, resulting in can not simply, conveniently
Accurately measure the infiltration coefficient of the saturated soft soil under centrifugal load effect.
Traditional concentrator bowl is mostly separated two kinds of different materials using centrifugal acceleration, consider different substances at
Analysis.But concentrator bowl is not accounted for and designed to simulate the Seepage problems of saturated soft soil.
Existing laboratory apparatus is often difficult convenient and accurately simulation saturated soft soil under centrifugal load effect infiltration
Coefficient.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide saturation used by a kind of saturated soft soil infiltration coefficient of measurement under the action of the centrifugal is soft
Soil centrifugation seepage apparatus.Technical solution is as follows:
A kind of saturated soft soil centrifugation seepage apparatus, for measuring saturated soft soil infiltration coefficient under centrifugal action, packet electric rotating
Machine 60, glass scales rotating cylinder 66, reservoir 10 and glass scales cylinder 64, the glass scales rotating cylinder 66 include with quarter
The barrel of degree, coaxial big hollow cylinder permeable stone 20 and small hollow cylinder permeable stone 8, material are pervious concrete；Glass
Machine shaft 4 in the middle part of scale rotating cylinder 66 to stretch out cylinder bottom；The inner wall and small hollow cylinder of big hollow cylinder permeable stone 20
Soil sample groove 9 is formed between the outer wall of permeable stone 8, posts filter paper 6 in 9 inner wall of soil sample groove, and be placed with saturation soil sample；By with quarter
The cavity that the barrel of degree and big 20 outer wall of hollow cylinder permeable stone are formed is referred to as collecting-tank 3；
Cavity 21 between small hollow cylinder permeable stone 8 and machine shaft 4 and 10 phase of the reservoir being disposed below
Connection, reservoir 10 are connected by water pipe 12 with glass scales cylinder 64, and the position of glass scales cylinder 64 is rotated higher than glass scales
Cylinder 66, so that the water in glass scales cylinder 64 smoothly flows into glass rotating scale cylinder 66；Drive of the machine shaft 4 by rotating electric machine 60
It is dynamic, drive the soil sample of the soil sample groove 9 in rotary glass scale rotating cylinder 66 to do centrifugal movement.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is saturated soft soil vibration centrifugal seepage instrument shaking platform connection figure；
Fig. 2 is that saturated soft soil vibration centrifugal seepage instrument first, second vibrates tension and compression load control principle drawing；
Fig. 3 is saturated soft soil vibration centrifugal seepage instrument seepage flow connection figure
Fig. 4 is saturated soft soil vibration centrifugal seepage calculation schematic diagram；
1, drive rod in figure；2, the first spring；3, collecting-tank；4, machine shaft；5, relief valve；6, filter paper；8, small hollow
Cylinder permeable stone；9, soil sample groove；10, tank；11, piston motor；12, water pipe；17, rotary electromechanical switches；18, vibration is flat
Platform；20, big hollow cylinder permeable stone；21, cavity；22, second spring；23, bracket；24, regulating valve；25, frequency converter；27,
One rigid rod；32, the second rigid rod；35, first piston；36, first piston cylinder；37, second piston cylinder；38, second piston；
39, steel column；40, the first check valve；41, second one-way valve；42, sink box；60, rotating electric machine；61, bucket pedestal is rotated；64, glass
Glass dial drum；66, glass scales rotating cylinder.
Specific embodiment
To further appreciate that invention, features and effects of the invention, now in conjunction with application scenarios of the invention, and cooperate
Attached drawing is described in detail.
The present invention is an important component of saturated soft soil vibration centrifugal seepage instrument.Entire saturated soft soil vibration centrifugal
Seepage instrument mainly includes saturated soft soil centrifugation two parts of seepage apparatus and shaking platform of the invention.Saturated soft soil of the invention
It is centrifuged seepage apparatus, mainly includes rotating electric machine 60, glass scales rotating cylinder 66, reservoir 10 and glass scales cylinder 64.By storing
Pond 10 and glass scales cylinder 64 constitute water filling part.
In Fig. 1, the side of shaking platform 18 is connected by horizontal spring 2 with bracket 23, and the other side passes through the first rigidity
Bar 27 is fixedly connected with the steel column 39 of the first load console, does horizontal direction vibration by the first load console control；Vibration
The lower part of platform 18 is connected by uprighting spring 22 with bracket, and the middle part of shaking platform 18 is added by the second rigid rod 32 and second
The steel column 39 for carrying console is fixedly connected, and does vertical direction vibration by the second load console control；It is solid on shaking platform 18
Surely there is rotating electric machine 60,
In Fig. 2, the structure of two load consoles is identical, including drive rod 1, frequency converter 25, piston motor 11, and first
Piston cylinder 36, first piston 35, the first check valve 40, sink box 42, second one-way valve 41, second piston cylinder 37, second piston
38, steel column 39, regulating valve 24.Working principle: alternating current steady voltage plug is opened, by main controller controls frequency converter 25, to change
Become the rotation speed of piston motor 11, the drive rod 1 that is connected with piston motor 11 drives first piston in first piston cylinder 36
35 reciprocating motion；When first piston 35 moves upwards, and under pressure, the water in sink box 42 passes through the first pipeline
In the first check valve 40 move upwards, enter first piston cylinder 36；When first piston 35 moves downward, first piston cylinder 36
In water second piston cylinder 37 is entered by the second one-way valve 41 in the second pipeline, and promote second piston 38, and drive
Steel column 39 moves upwards.When the water in first piston cylinder 36 is all pressed into second piston cylinder 37, pass through main controller controls
24 beginning of regulating valve degree, control second piston cylinder 37 in water release water consumption, reach the control to steel column 39, make steel column 39 by
It is moved downward according to certain speed；Displacement sensor is connected with steel column 39, and in 39 motion process of steel column, displacement sensor is by steel
Column 39 moves back and forth signal and is input in computer.In a computer, steel column 39 can be observed whether according to sine wave, rectangular wave
It is moved with triangular wave.The structure of two load consoles is identical, and steel column 39 passes through the first rigid rod 27 and second respectively
18 right side of rigid rod 32 and shaking platform and beneath rigidly connected, to realize that horizontal and vertical tension and compression are vibrated.
In Fig. 3, glass scales rotating cylinder 66 includes with graduated barrel, coaxial big 20 and of hollow cylinder permeable stone
Small hollow cylinder permeable stone 8, material are pervious concrete；Turn in the middle part of glass scales rotating cylinder 66 to stretch out the motor of cylinder bottom
Axis 4；Saturation soil sample is placed between big hollow cylinder permeable stone 20 and small hollow cylinder permeable stone 8, and in the internal diameter of soil sample
With filter paper 6 is sticked at external diameter surface.
In Fig. 3, water filling part mainly includes tank 10 and glass scales cylinder 64.Small hollow cylinder permeable stone 8 with
Cavity 21 between machine shaft 4 is connected by water pipe 12, tank 10 with glass scales cylinder 64, the position of glass scales cylinder 64
Higher than glass scales rotating cylinder 66, so that the water in glass scales cylinder 64 smoothly flows into glass rotating scale cylinder 66；Machine shaft 4
The soil sample of the soil sample groove 9 in rotary glass scale rotating cylinder 66 is driven to do centrifugal movement by the driving of rotating electric machine 60.
In Fig. 4, saturated soft soil vibration centrifugal seepage instrument infiltration coefficient of the present invention is calculated, according to collecting-tank water yield and when
Between obtain following two formula, first, only open load console, close motor Rotation Controllers, have
Second, opening motor Rotation Controllers, load console is closed or opened, is had
Wherein a=w2R=Nrg
Δ Q --- water yield (L)；
Δ t --- Seepage flow time；
λ --- weak soil seepage flow correction factor；
The angular speed that w --- rotating electric machine 60 rotates；
G --- acceleration of gravity；
ri--- distance of the center line of machine shaft 4 to small hollow cylinder permeable stone 8；
r0--- distance of the center line of machine shaft 4 to big hollow cylinder permeable stone 20；
R --- for machine shaft 4 center line to glass scales rotating cylinder 66 distance；
Nr--- likeness coefficient；
Pw--- pass through the pressure difference after soil sample.Pw=ρwgΔh；
ρw--- the density of water；
Glass scales cylinder numerical difference Δ h=h when Δ h --- head loss, i.e. on-test and off-test1-h2；
Now to simulate dynamic load and be centrifuged under coupling for the test of saturated soft soil infiltration coefficient, illustrate of the invention
Specifically used process, specific implementation step are as follows:
(1) after pilot system is assembled according to attached drawing, the filter paper 6 of dipped water will be put on the inside of soil sample groove 9 first, and examine
It looks into small hollow cylinder permeable stone 8 and whether big hollow cylinder permeable stone 20 blocks, saturated soft soil sample is then put into soil sample again
Slot 9；
(2) glass scales cylinder 64 is placed on the position higher than rotating scale cylinder 66, cavity 21 is filled into water, read glass and carve
Spend the numerical value h of cylinder 641；
(3) shake table 18 is opened, the waveform of corresponding frequencies is selected by master console, and pass through the first load console
The vibration in controlled level direction or the second load console control vertical displacement, according to the movement of the steel column 39 of computer acquisition
Situation adjusts two load console vibration frequencies.
(4) rotary electromechanical switches 17 are opened, rotation speed ω is determined by rotating electric machine；
(5) it determines infiltration time Δ t, and records 66 water yield Δ Q value of glass scales rotating cylinder, read again glass scales
Numerical value h2；
(6) by above-mentioned formula calculation permeability coefficient, terminate test.
Using the seepage instrument of saturated soft soil centrifugation seepage apparatus of the invention, has the advantage that 1, is with saturated soft soil
Research object, is capable of the seepage characteristic of the lower weak soil of real simulation centrifugal load effect, and calculated permeability coefficient is truer
Effectively；2, pass through two degree h of water yield parameter, Δ Q and time Δ t and glass scales cylinder1、h2, just can determine that head loss
And infiltration coefficient, parameter is few, convenient；3, centrifugation seepage apparatus of the invention and shake table are combined together, it can be considered that vibration
Influence dynamic and that centrifugation coupling effect is to saturated soft soil Penetration Signature, it is simple and easy.In short, structure setting it is simple, conveniently, test
Expense is low；It is more acurrate to measure saturated soft soil infiltration coefficient, is closer to truth.
Although a certain embodiment of the invention is described above in conjunction with attached drawing, the present invention is not limited to
Above-mentioned specific embodiment, the above mentioned embodiment is only schematical, is not limitation, this field it is general
Logical technical staff under the inspiration of the present invention, without breaking away from the scope protected by the purposes and claims of the present invention, goes back
Many forms can be made, within these are all belonged to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of saturated soft soil is centrifuged seepage apparatus, for measuring saturated soft soil infiltration coefficient under centrifugal action, including electric rotating
Machine (60), glass scales rotating cylinder (66), reservoir (10) and glass scales cylinder (64), which is characterized in that the glass is carved
Degree rotating cylinder (66) includes with graduated barrel, coaxial big hollow cylinder permeable stone (20) and small hollow cylinder permeable stone
(8), the material of big hollow cylinder permeable stone (20) and small hollow cylinder permeable stone (8) is pervious concrete；Glass scales rotation
Machine shaft (4) in the middle part of cylinder (66) to stretch out cylinder bottom；The inner wall and small hollow cylinder of big hollow cylinder permeable stone (20) are saturating
Soil sample groove (9) are formed between the outer wall of water stone (8), inner wall posts filter paper (6) in soil sample groove (9), and places in soil sample groove (9)
There is saturation soil sample；Collecting-tank is referred to as by the cavity formed with graduated barrel and big hollow cylinder permeable stone (20) outer wall
(3)；
Cavity (21) between small hollow cylinder permeable stone (8) and machine shaft (4) and the reservoir being disposed below
(10) it is connected, reservoir (10) is connected by water pipe (12) with glass scales cylinder (64), and the position of glass scales cylinder (64) is high
In glass scales rotating cylinder (66), so that the water in glass scales cylinder (64) smoothly flows into glass scales rotating cylinder (66)；Motor
Shaft (4) by rotating electric machine (60) driving, drive rotary glass scale rotating cylinder (66) in soil sample groove (9) soil sample do from
Heart movement.
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| CN108037023A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-05-15 | 福建省地质工程勘察院 | A kind of folded ring shear box and the stacked ring type shearing test based on folded ring shear box |
| CN109100280B (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2021-01-29 | 东华理工大学 | Multifunctional soil property testing system |
| CN109596501B (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2023-08-22 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Roof seepage test device and method under influence of dynamic load |
| WO2021087798A1 (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-05-14 | 浙江大学 | Penetration erosion test device for centrifuge |
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| JP2000028513A (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-01-28 | Yoshitaka Oguri | Simple measuring device for air permeability of soil |
| CN102323196A (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2012-01-18 | 申坤 | Design manufacturing and application of triaxial penetration tester |
| CN102353624B (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2013-04-10 | 山东省水利科学研究院 | Plastic concrete permeability test device and its test method |
| CN103076230B (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2014-07-30 | 重庆交通大学 | Test method and test device of mechanical properties of soil-structure contact surface |
| CN204064861U (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2014-12-31 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of centrifugal filtration permeability determination device |
| CN104142277B (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-07-06 | 重庆大学 | A kind of soil body torsional shear infiltration experiment device and method of testing |
| CN204314189U (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-05-06 | 上海大学 | The chamber of a kind of water level controllable type percolation model |
| CN104458535B (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2018-01-09 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of soil body penetration characteristic detecting apparatus for centrifugal model test |
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