CN1060141C - 氰化氢的一种制备方法 - Google Patents

氰化氢的一种制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1060141C
CN1060141C CN95191445A CN95191445A CN1060141C CN 1060141 C CN1060141 C CN 1060141C CN 95191445 A CN95191445 A CN 95191445A CN 95191445 A CN95191445 A CN 95191445A CN 1060141 C CN1060141 C CN 1060141C
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platinum
hydrocarbon gas
ammonia
appropriate hydrocarbon
catalyzer
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R·J·里格特
M·米迪扎迪
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Invista Technologies Sarl
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Abstract

氰化氢是在铂族金属催化剂存在下由氨和烃气体反应制得，同时催化剂在0.5-30MHz的频率下感应加热。

Description

氰化氢的一种制备方法
发明领域
本发明涉及在铂族金属催化剂存在下由氨和烃气体反应制备氰化氢(HCN)，同时催化剂在0．5-30MHz的频率下感应加热。
发明背景
氰化氢的毒性很强，但又有着广泛的工业用途，在工业上是一种重要的化合物。氰化氢的工业生产是由氨，过量的烃气体和一种氧化性气体与铂族金属催化剂一起接触制备而得。过量的烃气体被点燃后所产生的热量足以使氨和剩余的烃气体发生吸热反应生成氰化氢。
氰化氢的运输有潜在的危险性。一种避免这种潜在危险性的方法是在使用地点生产该产品，但这就要求安装大量的小型生产设备。这类生产设备在过去是很昂贵的。
本发明的目的是提供一种生产HCN的方法，该方法有相对小的操作规模，但效率高且投资低。
本发明包括使用感应加热铂族金属催化剂，使氨与烃气体反应制备氰化氢。该反应是吸热反应，而且通过使用感应加热使所用的能量能精密地调节，因此浪费的能量最少。
已知多种类型的化学反应可通过感应加热催化剂而进行；如在Edward’s的美国专利5，110，996中用二氯氟甲烷与甲烷反应制备1，1-二氟乙烯，其中反应管中包含一种非金属填料，必要时可含有一种金属催化剂……见第3栏第5行。一般的感应加热使用的频率大约0．1-0．2MHz。
发明概述
本发明是一种制备氰化氢的方法，它包括在0．5-30MHz的频率将铂族金属催化剂感应加热至反应温度，将氨蒸汽与烃气体的混合物与所加热的催化剂接触和回收氰化氢。优选的烃气体是甲烷，但其它的烃气体也可使用，例加含1-6个碳原子的烃气体及它们的混合物。氨对烃气体中碳原子的优选摩尔比大约是1。催化剂的优选形式是金属丝网。优选的铂族金属催化剂是铂；但铂族金属的混合物也可使用。铂族金属催化剂也可以是包含铂族金属的金属丝网或者是由铂族金属做成的金属丝网。催化剂也可以是表面散布有铂族金属的陶瓷基质，例如反应管道镀有铂族金属的陶瓷或者催化剂是镀有铂族金属的陶瓷颗粒。为了可有效地由电感应加热，催化剂必需有至少1．0西门子／米的电导率。本发明方法大约在600-1200℃的反应温度下进行。
优选的实施方案是感应加热以脉冲形式进行。当然脉冲的长度取决于反应器的大小，气体的体积和通过反应器的气体温度，但通常脉冲持续期应至少等于气体在反应管道中的停留时间。
附图简述
附图是适合实施本发明的设备框图。
详细说明
感应加热设备
设备如图1所示。直径为12mm的石英管1被放置在产生交变磁场所必需的铜螺旋管2内。线圈在6cm的高度上包括8匝。分隔的耦合线圈3位于主线圈的下面，它通过耦合向主线圈提供能量。在1．5cm的高度上绕有2匝。输电线5连接线圈3至电源。电容器4与主线圈并联，并使线圈以所需的频率产生谐振。流水通过线圈或环绕电容器用于冷却。使用现有工业设备发电、放大，并通过50欧姆的电缆传送到反应器中。催化剂6放置在石英管1内。氨和烃气体由入口7进入，反应产品，HCN和副产品由出口8移出。感应加热设备放置在铝箱9中。
实例
一个5．5克的90％铂／10％／铑织成的丝网被卷起来后，放入位于感应加热线圈内部的石英管反应器中。石英管中的丝网高度是5．7cm。开始时甲烷和氨气流的比是1∶1以总流速为50mL／min。在接通电源后大约5小时的操作过程中，流速和功率输入是变化的。在总流量为50ml／min和总输入功率为245瓦时的结果如下表所示。
               表  产品组成
1∶1 NH3∶CH4进料流率=50mL／min，输入功率=245瓦
                     表
氢气                             72．5体积．％
氮气                              1．3体积．％
甲烷                              4．4体积．％
氨                                0．7体积．％
氰化氢                           21．1体积．％
该反应对氰化氢的选择性为88．7％，氨和甲烷的转化率＞90％。

Claims (3)

1．一种制备氰化氢的方法，该方法包括将氨气和一种烃气体的混合物在反应温度和在一种铂族金属催化剂存在下进行反应并回收氰化氢，其特征在于将所述的催化剂感应加热至温度为600℃-1200℃并将所述的氨气和烃气体的混合物与所述的已加热的催化剂接触，其中所述的催化剂是包含一种铂族金属的金属丝网以及该铂族金属催化剂的电导率为1．0西门子／米。
2．权利要求1的方法，其中所述的烃气体是甲烷，甲烷对氨的摩尔比是1。
3．权利要求1的方法，其中所述的铂族金属催化剂的金属是铂。
CN95191445A 1994-02-01 1995-01-31 氰化氢的一种制备方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1060141C (zh)

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EP0742781B1 (en) 2004-09-29
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