CN106009003B - 一种基于聚多糖的可注射自修复水凝胶、制备方法及其在生物组织工程方面的应用 - Google Patents
一种基于聚多糖的可注射自修复水凝胶、制备方法及其在生物组织工程方面的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种基于聚多糖的可注射自修复水凝胶、制备方法及其在生物组织工程方面的应用,属于高分子材料技术领域。该方法首先对天然高分子壳聚糖进行修饰,克服了其只能在酸性溶液中溶解的缺点,提高其在水中溶解性质;然后将其与修饰后的透明质酸钠衍生物溶液混合反应,延迟反应时间或升高温度,则产生从溶胶到凝胶相转变的现象,赋予该水凝胶可注射和自修复特点。细胞共培养实验表明该智能水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性、可降解性等优点。该种可注射、自修复的聚多糖水凝胶作为一种新型医用高分子载体材料,无论在与细胞、蛋白质、DNA、抗体等活性物质进行共培养,还是药物等体外物质的传递和释放等方面都具有潜在的生物和医学应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种基于聚多糖的可注射自修复水凝胶、制备方法及其在生物组织工程方面的应用。
背景技术
近年来,智能材料的研究工作空前活跃,其中具有智能相态变化行为的新型软物质材料的发展最为迅速。这类材料能感知周围环境条件,如温度、酸碱、压力、声波、电场、磁场和光波的变化,同时产生相应的相态变化。水凝胶就是其中一种。它是一种由亲、疏水两类基团构成的三维立体网络结构,其中亲水部分吸收大量的水分,赋予水凝胶类似于液体的流动性;同时疏水部分又使其具有一定的力学性能。由于水凝胶适度的柔软和良好的生物相容性,可以与生物体建立密切的关系,近年来成为一种重要的智能型新型材料。虽然研究和开发的历史不长,但是由于水凝胶独特的性能,使其在化学传感器、微型开关、人工肌肉、药物缓释、固定化酶、药物传输、人造软骨、以及人体器官的3D打印等方面都有潜在的应用前景。尤其在生物组织工程方面,这是因为水凝胶不仅具有高度可调的化学、物理性质,作为结构支撑的同时,还具有保持细胞、促进血管生成、传递小分子等功能。
随着医学的发展,人们对高端医用材料的需求也日益增加,具有可注射性质的水凝胶能够最大程度地减小伤口面积,减缓患者患处疼痛,在此方面,可注射智能水凝胶在具有实际应用价值。除此之外,自修复功能是生物体最显著的特征之一,但是在合成材料中,由于外界环境中微生物的降解,或者外界应变和应力受到损伤时,材料的使用寿命大多会降低。为了克服老化和损坏造成材料使用寿命受到的局限,构建具有自修复功能可以抵御外界损伤的水凝胶具有重要意义。将可注射和自修复整合到同一个材料体系,用于生物组织工程等方面具有非常重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于聚多糖的可注射自修复水凝胶、制备方法及其在生物组织工程方面的应用。
该方法首先对天然高分子壳聚糖进行修饰,克服了其只能在酸性溶液中溶解的缺点,提高其在水中溶解性质;然后将其与修饰后的透明质酸钠衍生物溶液混合反应,延迟反应时间或升高温度,则产生从溶胶到凝胶相转变的现象,赋予该水凝胶可注射和自修复特点。除此之外,构建该智能水凝胶的这两种聚多糖材料具有生物相容性好、无毒、价格低廉、来源广等特点,已经在许多商业化的生物医药产品中得到应用。细胞共培养实验表明了该智能水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性、可降解性等优点。综合以上优异的性质,该种可注射、自修复的聚多糖水凝胶作为一种新型医用高分子载体材料,无论在与细胞、蛋白质、DNA、抗体等活性物质进行共培养,还是药物等体外物质的传递和释放等方面都具有潜在的生物和医学应用价值。
本发明所述的具有可注射自修复特性的智能聚多糖水凝胶的制备方法,其具体步骤如下:
(1)1.0~4.0g多糖聚合物1室温下搅拌溶解在100~200mL的蒸馏水中,缓慢滴加0.5~1.5mL反应物2,升温到40~50℃磁力搅拌反应1~3天,获得淡黄色澄清粘稠状液体;将得到的粘稠状液体冷却到室温,加入1M氢氧化钠调节体系pH=10~12,然后利用分子量为8000~14000的渗析袋渗析2~3天,并不断换水,渗析后的聚合物溶液用旋转蒸发器除去大部分水,得到澄清并具有一定粘度的液体,于-50~-30℃冷冻干燥2~3天,得到固体粉末A;
(2)取1.0~2.0g多糖聚合物3,室温下搅拌溶解在100~200mL蒸馏水中,加入0.5~1.0g高碘酸钠(NaIO4),避光下搅拌反应3~4小时;然后加入乙二醇1~2mL继续搅拌1~2h终止反应;利用分子量为1000~3500的渗析袋渗析2~3天,并不断换水,渗析后的聚合物溶液用旋转蒸发仪除去大部分水,得到澄清粘稠液体,于-50~-30℃冷冻干燥2~3天,得到固体粉末B;
(3)取PEG聚合物4~40g,加入用4A型分子筛干燥的二氯化碳100~150mL,并于室温下搅拌均匀,得到无色澄清液体;然后加入用4A型分子筛干燥的三乙胺500~600μL,再用滴液漏斗逐滴加入丙烯酰氯600~700μL,强烈搅拌,室温下通氮气除氧30~60分钟,然后控温至20~30℃,在搅拌下反应20~24小时,降至室温停止反应,并用6~10wt%的碳酸钾水溶液中和大部分酸,溶液逐渐分层,然后用分液漏斗收集下层乳状液体;下层乳状液体用50~100g无水硫酸镁干燥30~60min,再用旋转蒸发仪除去大部分溶剂,将所得聚合物乳液用乙醚反沉淀,将沉淀用蒸馏水洗涤和离心3~5次,即得到修饰有双键的PEG聚合物C;
(4)将固体粉末A、固体粉末B、修饰有双键的PEG聚合物C分别配成1~2wt%的水溶液,分别取三种溶液各1~2mL混合均匀后,加入10~200μL的光引发剂,震荡均匀形成均一稳定的透明粘稠溶液;经过20~60s得到可注射具有自修复性能的水凝胶;再利用紫外灯照射1~10min后,得到具有自修复性能的高强度水凝胶材料;随着聚合物C中PEG分子量的增加,可注射自修复水凝胶的力学性能不断增强,储能模量可以达到100~10000Pa,极大拓展了该水凝胶材料在组织工程上的应用。
上述方法中,多糖聚合物1可以是壳聚糖或者乙二醇壳聚糖等。
上述方法中,反应物2可以是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巯基乙酸、巯基丙酸或2-乙基丙烯酸等。
上述方法中,多糖聚合物3可以是透明质酸钠,海藻酸钠,硫酸葡聚糖等天然聚多糖高分子。
上述方法中,PEG聚合物的分子量可以是600~20000(进一步地为2000~6000)。
上述方法中,光引发剂可以是1173或I-2959。
本发明具有如下优点:1.所合成的水凝胶以聚多糖为主要原料,来源广、价廉、生物相容性好、无毒,有利于该产品商业化;2.组份混合后从溶胶到凝聚有一定时间,可以实现可注射塑形功能。该种合成方法简单可控,环境友好;3.将具有修饰双键的PEG高分子结构掺杂在水凝胶体系中,可以通过光交联方法形成具有双重网络结构的水凝胶材料。这样能很容易地调整该水凝胶的力学性能,从柔软到具有一定强度,增加了水凝胶在环境变化过程中的稳定性,进而提高了水凝胶材料在组织工程等方面的应用前景;4.合成的水凝胶含水量可以达到85%以上,冻干后的电镜图说明该水凝胶为疏松多孔状,这样既有利用气体进出也有利于营养物质交换,在生物体应用时利于进行新陈代谢;5.水凝胶的构建主要基于动态化学键,其在适当的条件下可逆地断裂和成键,这类相互作用不同于传统的共价键,从而使水凝胶具有自修复功能;6.具有可注射和自修复性质的水凝胶材料可以掺杂药物、细胞等,可以根据伤口面积和表明形状进行注射塑形,减缓患者患处疼痛,还能直接把目标药物等物质直接作用于患处,简单可靠。
附图说明
图1:为实施例1制备的聚多糖水凝胶相态变化图。通过试剂瓶倾斜实验可以看出,聚合物A溶液(图A)和聚合物B溶液(图B)均为无色澄清液体,混合后为具有一定粘度的溶胶(图C);室温下静置30s后,从溶胶可以变成凝胶(图D)。
图2:为实施例1制备的聚多糖水凝胶的可注射性质照片。由图可知,该聚多糖水凝胶可以由内径为0.33mm针头注射,表现出良好的可注射性质。
图3:为实施例1制备的聚多糖水凝胶自修复照片;可以看到水凝胶中部受到机械损伤破坏后,随着时间的推移中间的空隙逐渐变小,最后完全消失。表现出明显的自修复性质。
图4:为实施例1制备的聚多糖水凝胶与细胞共培养成活率柱状图。与细胞培养液组(control)进行对照比较,海拉细胞(实验用增殖表皮癌细胞,由吉大二院提供)与本发明制备的聚多糖水凝胶共培养4天之后仍然具有大于90%成活率,表明该水凝胶无毒、生物相容性非常好。值得注意的是,该水凝胶在与海拉细胞共培养10天之后,细胞成活率大于100%。这是因为水凝胶微环境有利于细胞生长,进而促进了该细胞的增值。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
1)2.05g壳聚糖,室温下搅拌溶解在100mL蒸馏水中。缓慢滴加丙烯酸1.5mL,升高温度到50℃,磁力搅拌反应3天,获得淡黄色澄清粘稠状液体。将得到的聚合物溶液冷却到室温,加入1M氢氧化钠调节体系pH到12。用分子量为14000的渗析袋渗析3天,并不断换水。渗析后的聚合物溶液用旋转蒸发器除去大部分水,得到澄清并具有一定粘度的液体。于-50℃冷冻干燥3天,得到蓬松多孔状N-羧甲基壳聚糖(N-carboxyethyl chitosan)固体粉末A,产率约为75%。
2)取透明质酸钠1.00g,室温下搅拌溶解在100mL蒸馏水中,加入高碘酸钠(NaIO4)0.5528g,避光搅拌反应4小时。加入乙二醇1.5mL继续搅拌2h终止反应。用分子量为1000的渗析袋渗析3天。渗析后的聚合物溶液用旋转蒸发仪除去大部分水,得到澄清粘稠液体。于-50℃冷冻干燥3天,得到蓬松多孔状透明质酸醛(Hyaluronic acid aldehyde)固体粉末B,产率约为70%。
3)取分子量为2000的PEG 4.00g加入三颈烧瓶中,加入用4A型分子筛干燥的二氯化碳100mL,并于室温下搅拌均匀,得到无色澄清液体。加入用4A型分子筛干燥的三乙胺550μL,然后用滴液漏斗逐滴加入丙烯酰氯650μL,强烈搅拌,室温下通氮气除氧50min,然后控温到25℃,搅拌下反应24小时,降至室温停止反应,用6wt%的碳酸钾水溶液100mL中和大部分酸,溶液分层,然后用分液漏斗收集下层乳状液体。下层乳状液体接下来用无水硫酸镁干燥半小时,再用旋转蒸发仪除去大部分二氯化碳溶剂。将处理后产物用乙醚反沉淀,并反复离心和洗涤产物3次,除去剩余的二氯化碳溶剂,并得到聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯PEGDA2000聚合物C,为白色粉末,产率约为65%。
4)在反应器中加入0.11g N-羧甲基壳聚糖固体粉末A,加入11mL蒸馏水,配成1wt%的水溶液;取0.11g的透明质酸钠修饰后的透明质酸醛固体粉末B加入11mL蒸馏水,配成1wt%的水溶液;取0.15g PEGDA2000固体粉本C,溶于9.85mL蒸馏水,配置成1.5wt%的PEGDA2000溶液。分别取1wt%的N-羧甲基壳聚糖溶液、1wt%的透明质酸醛溶液各1mL,1.5wt%的PEGDA2000溶液2mL以及光引发剂1173 10μL震荡混合均匀后,经过30s得到具有自修复性能的水凝胶。水凝胶的可注射性和自修复性质见图1和图2。利用紫外灯(365nm)照射1min,获得高强度水凝胶。
实施例2:
1)2.05g乙二醇壳聚糖,室温下搅拌溶解在100mL蒸馏水中。缓慢滴加丙烯酸1.5mL,升高温度到50℃,磁力搅拌反应3天,获得淡黄色澄清粘稠状液体。将得到的聚合物溶液冷却到室温,加入1M氢氧化钠调节体系pH到12。用分子量为8000的渗析袋渗析3天,并不断换水。渗析后的聚合物溶液用旋转蒸发器除去大部分水,得到澄清并具有一定粘度的液体。于-50℃冷冻干燥3天,得到蓬松多孔状N-羧甲基乙二醇壳聚糖固体粉末A,产率约为75%。
2)取硫酸葡聚糖1.00g,室温下搅拌溶解在100mL蒸馏水中,加入高碘酸钠(NaIO4)0.30g,避光搅拌4小时。加入乙二醇1.0mL继续搅拌2h终止反应。用分子量为3500的渗析袋渗析3天,渗析后聚合物溶液用旋转蒸发仪除去大部分水,得到澄清粘稠液体,于-50℃冷冻干燥3天,得到蓬松多孔状硫酸葡聚糖醛(Dextran sulphate aldehyde)固体粉末B。
3)取分子量为6000的PEG 12.00g加入三颈烧瓶中,加入用4A型分子筛干燥的二氯化碳100mL,并于室温下搅拌均匀,得到无色澄清液体。加入用4A型分子筛干燥的三乙胺550μL,然后用滴液漏斗逐滴加入丙烯酰氯650μL,强烈搅拌,室温下通氮气除氧50min。然后控温到25℃,搅拌下反应24小时。降至室温停止反应,用6wt%的碳酸钾水溶液100mL中和大部分酸,用分液漏斗收集下层乳状液体。然后用50g无水硫酸镁干燥半小时,再用旋转蒸发仪除去大部分二氯化碳溶剂。将处理后产物用乙醚反沉淀,并用蒸馏水反复洗涤和离心产物3次,得到聚乙二醇丙烯酸酯PEGDA6000聚合物C,为白色粉末,产率约为65%。
4)在反应器中加入0.10g N-羧甲基乙二醇壳聚糖冻干粉末A,加入10mL蒸馏水,配成1wt%的水溶液;取0.10g的硫酸葡聚糖修饰后的硫酸葡聚糖醛固体粉末B加入10mL蒸馏水,配成1wt%的水溶液;取0.15g分子量为6000的PEGDA6000固体聚合物C,溶于9.85mL蒸馏水,配置成1.5wt%的PEGDA6000溶液。分别取1wt%的N-羧甲基乙二醇壳聚糖溶液、1wt%的硫酸葡聚糖酯醛溶液各1mL,1.5wt%的PEGDA6000溶液2mL以及光引发剂I-2959 200μL均匀混合,经过40s得到具有自修复性能的水凝胶。再利用紫外灯(365nm)照射2min,获得高强度水凝胶。与实施例1制备的水凝胶过程相比,硫酸葡聚糖为该水凝胶主要成分之一。当硫酸葡聚糖分子量比透明质酸钠小时,力学性能将比实施例1中要差。
Claims (3)
1.一种基于聚多糖的可注射自修复水凝胶的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)1.0~4.0g多糖聚合物1室温下搅拌溶解在100~200mL的蒸馏水中,缓慢滴加0.5~1.5mL反应物2,升温到40~50℃磁力搅拌反应1~3天,获得淡黄色澄清粘稠状液体;将得到的粘稠状液体冷却到室温,加入1M氢氧化钠调节体系pH=10~12,然后利用分子量为8000~14000的渗析袋渗析2~3天,并不断换水,渗析后的聚合物溶液用旋转蒸发器除去大部分水,得到澄清并具有一定粘度的液体,于-50~-30℃冷冻干燥2~3天,得到固体粉末A;
(2)取1.0~2.0g多糖聚合物3,室温下搅拌溶解在100mL~200mL蒸馏水中,加入0.5~1.0g高碘酸钠,避光下搅拌反应3~4小时;然后加入乙二醇1~2mL继续搅拌1~2h终止反应;利用分子量为1000~3500的渗析袋渗析2~3天,并不断换水,渗析后的聚合物溶液用旋转蒸发仪除去大部分水,得到澄清粘稠液体,于-50~-30℃冷冻干燥2~3天,得到固体粉末B;
(3)取PEG聚合物4~40g,加入用4A型分子筛干燥的二氯化碳100~150mL,并于室温下搅拌均匀,得到无色澄清液体;然后加入用4A型分子筛干燥的三乙胺500~600μL,再用滴液漏斗逐滴加入丙烯酰氯600~700μL,强烈搅拌,室温下通氮气除氧30~60分钟,然后控温至20~30℃,在搅拌下反应20~24小时,降至室温停止反应,并用6~10wt%的碳酸钾水溶液中和大部分酸,溶液逐渐分层,然后用分液漏斗收集下层乳状液体;下层乳状液体用50~100g无水硫酸镁干燥30~60min,再用旋转蒸发仪除去大部分溶剂,将所得聚合物乳液用乙醚反沉淀,将沉淀用蒸馏水洗涤和离心3~5次,即得到修饰有双键的PEG聚合物C;
(4)将固体粉末A、固体粉末B、修饰有双键的PEG聚合物C分别配成1~2wt%的水溶液,分别取三种溶液各1~2mL混合均匀后,加入10~200μL的光引发剂,震荡均匀形成均一稳定的透明粘稠溶液;经过20~60s得到可注射具有自修复性能的水凝胶;再利用紫外灯照射1~10min后,得到具有自修复性能的高强度水凝胶材料;
其中,多糖聚合物1是壳聚糖或乙二醇壳聚糖;
反应物2是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巯基乙酸、巯基丙酸或2-乙基丙烯酸;
多糖聚合物3是透明质酸钠、海藻酸钠或硫酸葡聚糖;
PEG聚合物的分子量为600~20000。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种基于聚多糖的可注射自修复水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:光引发剂是1173或I-2959。
3.一种基于聚多糖的可注射自修复水凝胶,其特征在于:由权利要求1~2任何一项所述的方法制备得到。
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