CN106008486A - 一种靶向细胞核仁的噻吩基六氟磷酸吡啶盐生物荧光探针及其合成方法 - Google Patents
一种靶向细胞核仁的噻吩基六氟磷酸吡啶盐生物荧光探针及其合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种靶向细胞核仁的噻吩基六氟磷酸吡啶盐生物荧光探针及其合成方法,其中靶向细胞核仁的噻吩基六氟磷酸吡啶盐生物荧光探针的结构式为:
Description
一、技术领域
本发明涉及一种生物荧光探针及其合成方法,具体地说是一种靶向细胞核仁的噻吩基六氟磷酸吡啶盐生物荧光探针及其合成方法。
二、背景技术
近年来,随着人们生活质量的提高,健康问题成了人们越来越关注的主题。化学家希望合成一些生物相容性的发光小分子,以此作为荧光探针,在细胞、组织或活体中实现对疾病的可追踪性、可视性和可治疗性。
小分子荧光探针因分子量小、合成方法简单、溶解性好等优点,有关的研发与应用探索工作广受关注。
相关资料显示,核仁是细胞核内生产核糖体的场所,所有真核生物的核糖体RNA(rRNA)的转录都是在核仁中完成,其过程是由rDNA转录成rRNA,rRNA与来自细胞质的蛋白质结合,进而加工、改造成核糖体的前体,输送到细胞质。细胞核仁组成成分复杂,包括rDNA,rRNA和核糖核蛋白等。核仁是rRNA基因存储、rRNA合成加工以及核糖体亚单位的装配场所。而DNA是基因的基本单元,因此,核仁及其功能的研究具有非常重要的意义。
随着生物显影材料的发展,双光子荧光探针引起了人们的广泛关注。双光子显微成像的激发波长较长,具有较低激发能量和较强的穿透性,而且光损伤较小。显然,制备激发波长更长,毒性较小,生物相容性较好的小分子荧光探针,定能促进细胞显影成像技术的发展。
申请人对本申请的主题进行了如下的文献检索:
1、http://scholar.glgoo.org/网检索结果:(2016/4/28)
2、中国知网检索结果:
检索方式一:
篇名-靶向细胞核仁的吡啶盐生物显影材料及其合成方法:无相关文献。
篇名-靶向细胞核仁的小分子噻吩基吡啶盐生物荧光探针及其合成方法:无相关文献。
篇名-靶向细胞核仁的小分子噻吩基六氟磷酸吡啶盐生物荧光探针及其合成方法:无相关文献。
检索方式二:
全文-靶向细胞核仁的六氟磷酸吡啶盐:8篇相关文献,但均与靶向细胞核仁的小分子噻吩基六氟磷酸吡啶盐生物荧光探针及其合成方法无关。
全文-靶向细胞核仁的小分子噻吩基六氟磷酸吡啶盐生物荧光探针及其合成方法:29篇相关文献,但均与靶向细胞核仁的小分子噻吩基六氟磷酸吡啶盐生物荧光探针及其合成方法无关。
三、发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种靶向细胞核仁的噻吩基六氟磷酸吡啶盐生物荧光探针及其合成方法,所要解决的技术问题是遴选合适的分子结构使其可以作为靶向细胞核仁的荧光探针。
本发明基于吡啶为母体,引入乙烯、富电子的噻吩环构筑大的共轭体系,借助六氟磷酸根调节化合物的结晶性,设计合成了水溶性好的阳离子型有机小分子荧光探针,期望其在生物显影方面有所应用。
本发明荧光探针分子水溶性良好,具有较小的毒性。其单光子激发波长为540nm,双光子激发波长为800nm,均可以靶向细胞核仁,可以用于活体细胞的显微成像。
本发明靶向细胞核仁的噻吩基六氟磷酸吡啶盐生物荧光探针,其结构式为:
本发明靶向细胞核仁的噻吩基六氟磷酸吡啶盐生物荧光探针的合成方法,包括如下步骤:
1、4-甲基-N-甲基吡啶碘盐M的合成
50mL圆底烧瓶中加入43.2g(0.3moL)碘甲烷,称取18.6g(0.2moL)4-甲基吡啶,用10mL乙醇稀释,通过恒压漏斗缓慢滴入烧瓶,滴完后,常温搅拌反应40分钟,移去恒压漏斗,45℃下继续搅拌10分钟,冷却、得白色晶体,过滤,并用少量乙醇洗涤,干燥后得白色晶状物即为4-甲基-N-甲基吡啶碘盐M。
2、目标分子P1的合成
250mL圆底烧瓶中加入4.76g(183.27g/mol,0.026mol)4-N,N-二乙基噻吩甲醛、6.11g(235.07g/mol,0.026mol)4-甲基-N-甲基吡啶碘盐M和50mL甲醇,搅拌溶解,滴加5滴催化剂哌啶,70℃下搅拌回流反应10小时,得紫红色溶液;向所述紫红色溶液中滴加20mL六氟磷酸银(252.83g/mol,0.026mol)的甲醇溶液,搅拌回流反应3小时,反应结束后向反应液中加入100mL无水甲醇,热抽滤出碘化银沉淀,滤液旋出部分甲醇,静置,冷却,有蓝紫色沉淀析出,抽滤,乙醇重结晶,得目标产物,为蓝紫色棒状晶体。
本发明合成路线如下:
与已有技术相比,本发明的有益效果体现在:
1、本发明合成的小分子噻吩基六氟磷酸吡啶盐P1是一类光学性质优良、生物相容性好的生物显影材料;
2、本发明合成的目标产物原料易得、成本低、合成步骤简单、毒性小、溶解性好,使其商业化成为可能;
3、本发明合成的目标产物可以作为单光子荧光探针,其激发波长在540nm,发射波长在近红外波段。单光子激发能量比常用核仁染料Syto9低,即对细胞的损伤较小。较常用商染的激发波长488nm的能量低,对细胞损伤小;
4、本发明合成的目标产物还可以作为双光子荧光探针,其激发波长在800nm处的近红外区,具有更低的激发能量、更强的穿透性、对细胞的光损伤更小等特点,而常用商染无双光子荧光;
5、本发明合成的目标产物,可以作为一种靶向细胞核仁的荧光探针。与常用商染相比具有明显的优势,因此,具有较强的商业价值,有可能成为商业化核仁染料。
四、附图说明
图1是目标分子P1的单晶结构图(为了清晰,删除了分子中的所有氢原子)。CCDC号为1060367,说明目标分子是尚未见报道的新化合物。
图2(左)是不同浓度的P1在PBS缓冲溶液(pH=7.4)中的紫外-可见吸收光谱,测试的浓度分别为2,4,6,8,10,20,30,40,×10-6mol/L,左图说明随着P1浓度的增加,最大吸光度值逐渐增大;图2(右)是浓度与对应的最大吸光度作图,从右图中可以看出,目标分子的浓度与对应的最大吸光度值呈线性关系,说明其水溶性良好。
图3是目标分子P1的细胞毒性测试结果。分别用不同浓度的P1溶液培养人类肝癌细胞(HepG2cell)24小时。通过酶标仪,测试了不同浓度下的P1对HepG2细胞的毒性大小,结果表明,当P1的浓度达到60M时,细胞的存活率仍接近90%,说明目标分子P1的毒性较小,适宜作为荧光探针应用于生物体。
图4是目标分子P1的细胞共聚焦显影成像研究结果。将20M的P1与HepG2细胞共培养30分钟,用PBS缓冲溶液洗涤3次。通过共聚焦显微成像,得到单、双光子荧光图、明场图、叠加图和三维图。从图中看出,P1可以穿过细胞膜,进入HepG2细胞的核仁区域,并发出较强的荧光。说明P1可以作为细胞核仁的单双光子荧光探针。
图5是目标分子P1与常用核仁商染Syto9的单光子荧光共定位分析研究结果。从图中可以清楚地看出,P1可以穿过HepG2细胞膜,并能很好地进行细胞核仁着色。通过计算,P1与Syto9的共定位相关系数(Overlap Coefficient)R值为0.8397。说明目标分子P1可以靶向定位活细胞的核仁区域。
五、具体实施方式
1、4-甲基-N-甲基吡啶碘盐M的合成
50mL圆底烧瓶中加入43.2g(0.3moL)碘甲烷,称取18.6g(0.2moL)4-甲基吡啶,用10mL乙醇稀释,通过恒压漏斗缓慢滴入烧瓶,滴完后,常温搅拌反应40分钟,移去恒压漏斗,45℃下继续搅拌10分钟,冷却、得白色晶体,过滤,并用少量乙醇洗涤,干燥后得白色晶状物即为4-甲基-N-甲基吡啶碘盐M。
2、目标分子P1的合成
250mL圆底烧瓶中加入4.76g(183.27g/mol,0.026mol)4-N,N-二乙基噻吩甲醛、6.11g(235.07g/mol,0.026mol)4-甲基-N-甲基吡啶碘盐M和50mL甲醇,搅拌溶解,滴加5滴催化剂哌啶,70℃下搅拌回流反应10小时,得紫红色溶液;向所述紫红色溶液中滴加20mL六氟磷酸银(252.83g/mol,0.026mol)的甲醇溶液,搅拌回流反应3小时,反应结束后向反应液中加入100mL无水甲醇,热抽滤出碘化银沉淀,滤液旋出部分甲醇,静置,冷却,有蓝紫色沉淀析出,抽滤,乙醇重结晶,得目标产物,为蓝紫色棒状晶体。
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz),δ(ppm):8.81(s,1H),844(d,2H),8.03(m,2H),7.26(d,1H),6.42(d,1H),6.10(d,1H),4.06(s,3H),3.43(m,4H),1.21(m,6H).13C-NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6),δ(ppm):162.23,153.05,143.37,137.97,135.73,127.94,122.63,120.44,112.18,47.11,45.70,21.24.IR(KBr,cm-1)selected bands:2976(w),1646(m),1587(s),1538(s),1518(m),1480(s),1441(s),1396(m),1358(m),1283(s),1244(s),1221(m),1188(s),1128(m),1057(s),1039(m),998(m),935(m),834(s),760(m),662(w),560(s),533(w).MALDI-TOF:m/z,cal:273.14,found:273.25(M+)。
Claims (2)
1.一种靶向细胞核仁的噻吩基六氟磷酸吡啶盐生物荧光探针,其特征在于其结构式为:
2.一种权利要求1所述的靶向细胞核仁的噻吩基六氟磷酸吡啶盐生物荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)4-甲基-N-甲基吡啶碘盐M的合成
50mL圆底烧瓶中加入43.2g碘甲烷,称取18.6g 4-甲基吡啶并用10mL乙醇稀释,通过恒压漏斗滴入烧瓶,滴完后常温搅拌反应40分钟,移去恒压漏斗,45℃下继续搅拌10分钟,冷却、得白色晶体,过滤,用乙醇洗涤,干燥后得白色晶状物即为4-甲基-N-甲基吡啶碘盐M;
(2)目标分子P1的合成
250mL圆底烧瓶中加入4.76g 4-N,N-二乙基噻吩甲醛、6.11g 4-甲基-N-甲基吡啶碘盐M和50mL甲醇,搅拌溶解,滴加5滴催化剂哌啶,70℃下搅拌回流反应10小时,得紫红色溶液;向所述紫红色溶液中滴加0.026mol六氟磷酸银的甲醇溶液,搅拌回流反应3小时,反应结束后向反应液中加入无水甲醇,热抽滤出碘化银沉淀,滤液旋出部分甲醇,静置,冷却,有蓝紫色沉淀析出,抽滤,乙醇重结晶,得目标产物,为蓝紫色棒状晶体。
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