CN105999308B - 一种肿瘤靶向性mri造影剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种肿瘤靶向性mri造影剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种肿瘤靶向性MRI造影剂及其制备方法,其特征在于:所述造影剂中包括小分子钆螯合物部分和靶向载体部分,小分子钆螯合物部分和靶向载体部分通过共价键偶联;其中,所述小分子钆螯合物部分为Gd‑DO3A;所述靶向载体部分包含EBP分子。本发明的造影剂弛豫增强能力好,而且可以靶向性结合肿瘤细胞的EGFR,不仅具有很强的靶向造影效果,同时还延长了造影剂在体内的成像时间,从而可以减少造影剂的添加剂量,具有很强的实用性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医学影像学领域,具体是指一种肿瘤靶向性MRI造影剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
基于小分子钆螯合物造影剂的动态磁共振成像(MRI)技术现已成为恶性肿瘤的重要临床检查手段,在肿瘤发现、诊断、临床分期和疗效评估及预后判断上发挥越来越重要的作用。并且,随着科技的发展,构建具有肿瘤组织特异性的新一代高效、低毒MRI造影剂成为材料、医学等领域的研究热点。
目前,商业化并应用于临床的小分子钆螯合物造影剂主要有钆-二乙基三胺五乙酸(Gd-DTPA,)及其衍生物(Gd-DTPA-BMA,和Gd-DTPA-BMEA,);钆-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸(Gd-DOTA,)及钆-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7-三乙酸(Gd-DO3A)衍生物(Gd-DO3A-butrol,和Gd-HP-DO3A,)。
但是,以上MRI造影剂均为细胞外试剂,在体内呈非特异性分布,其造影增强作用依赖于肿瘤组织丰富的血供,对肿瘤细胞本身没有特异选择性,所以MRI肿瘤成像仍存在特异性不高(与某些富血供的良性肿瘤鉴别困难)和对部分血供尚不够丰富的早期癌(如原位导管癌)敏感性不高等方面的主要问题。且上述造影剂经静脉注射后,迅速漏到血管外并被肾脏清除,体内停留时间短,有时为了达到诊断目的,不得不加大剂量,从而增加了出现不良反应的风险。
为了提高MRI肿瘤成像的特异性、敏感性和减少不良反应,需要利用肿瘤细胞比非肿瘤细胞(如:正常细胞)中有更高表达和/或异常表达的受体作为靶点,借助配体与受体的结合具有高特异性、高选择性和高亲和力等生物学特性,将配体作为载体与钆螯合物结合形成化合物。当这些偶联物进入体内后,识别肿瘤细胞膜上特异性受体并与之结合,到达肿瘤区域,从而,提升组织间的图像对比,对受体过表达肿瘤具有良好的MRI增强效应。
利用配体-受体反应靶向输送钆螯合物,需要该受体在靶细胞(肿瘤细胞)中比其他细胞有更高的表达,才能通过配体-受体途径使靶细胞结合高浓度的钆螯合物造影剂,并与非靶细胞形成明显差异,以实现钆螯合物靶向肿瘤的定向输送。比如申请号为201310625257.1的中国专利《一种氧化钆靶向磁共振造影剂》,利用叶酸修饰的聚乙二醇化的Gd2O3作为造影剂,但是该造影剂仅能靶向叶酸受体高表达的肿瘤细胞,只能用于脑胶质瘤的造影的早期诊断。
发明内容
本发明的目的是根据上述不足提供一种肿瘤靶向性MRI造影剂及其制备方法,该MRI造影剂可以识别肿瘤细胞膜上特异性受体并与之结合,到达肿瘤区域,从而提升组织间的图像对比,对受体过表达肿瘤具有良好的MRI增强效应。
本发明的技术方案如下:一种肿瘤靶向性MRI造影剂,其特征在于:所述造影剂中包括小分子钆螯合物部分和靶向载体部分,小分子钆螯合物部分和靶向载体部分通过共价键偶联;其中,所述小分子钆螯合物部分为Gd-DO3A;所述靶向载体部分包含EBP分子。
优选的,所述靶向载体部分为R-EBP分子,其中R为二羧酸、聚乙二醇(PEG)、N-(2-羟基丙基)-甲基丙烯酰胺(HPMA)或聚酰胺-胺型(PAMAM)树形大分子聚合物中的一种。
更优选的,所述靶向载体部分为辛二酸-EBP分子。
优选的,所述共价键为酰胺键或双硫键。
一种如上述肿瘤靶向性MRI造影剂的制备方法,其步骤包括:将DO3A-三叔丁基乙二胺与EBP分子进行酰胺缩合得到EBP-DO3A,然后与Gd(OAc)3反应即得到所述MRI造影剂。
优选的,所述DO3A-三叔丁基乙二胺是将三叔丁基-DO3A经过氰基取代,氨基化,然后经过还原后得到的。
优选的,将R与EBP分子缩合后得到R-EBP,然后再将R-EBP与DO3A-三叔丁基乙二胺进行酰胺缩合得到DO3A-R-EBP,最后将DO3A-R-EBP与Gd(OAc)3反应即得到所述靶向载体部分为R-EBP分子。
现已证实,与非肿瘤细胞相比,表皮生长因子受体(epidermalgrowth factorreceptor,EGFR)在肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、肝癌、卵巢癌、膀胱癌、脑胶质瘤以及头颈部肿瘤等癌细胞中存在高表达或过表达,并发现EGFR的异常过表达与肿瘤细胞的恶变、粘附、转移以及血管生成等密切相关。多年来,针对EGFR的单克隆抗体和小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂已被临床广泛用于肿瘤的治疗,因此,EGFR作为阳性表达肿瘤的重要靶标,已经被深入的研究和临床应用。
表皮生长因子(EGF)是EGFR最重要的配体,它与EGFR的结合具有高特异性、高选择性和高亲和力。Komoria等人报道,EGF中CMYIEALDKYAC序列是与EGFR结合的活性区域,故称该活性肽段为EGFR结合肽(EGFR-binding peptide,EBP)。鉴于EGFR在许多恶性肿瘤中都存在着阳性表达,以及EBP与EGFR结合的特异性,本发明将EBP引入到Gd-DO3A分子中进行分子修饰和改造,形成具有针对EGFR分子的肿瘤靶向性钆螯合物。它们作为肿瘤靶向性MRI对比剂,进入体内后,准确到达肿瘤组织并与细胞EGFR结合,表现出较高的弛豫效能,不仅能明显提高MRI肿瘤成像的特异性和敏感性,可为解决目前临床MRI在早期原位癌和浸润性癌诊断评估中出现的问题提供重要信息,而且能为肿瘤的分子分型和分子靶向药物疗效的在体评估提供重要信息,对于指导和监测分子靶向药物的应用也有极大的应用前景。
附图说明
具体实施方式
以下结合附图通过具体实施例进一步说明本发明:
以下未详细说明的部分均为本领域技术人员知晓的现有技术可以实现。
实施例1:DO3A-tris(t-Bu)-EN(DO3A-三叔丁基乙二胺)的合成
将4.0g DO3A-tris(t-Bu)(DO3A-三叔丁基酯)和4.3g K2CO3溶解于40mL乙腈中,搅拌1h后加入0.65mL溴乙腈,继续搅拌使其反应8h,反应完全后,通过G4烧结漏斗过滤反应物,减压旋转蒸发除去溶剂,硅胶柱层析得一胶状物。然后,用30mL 7N氨/甲醇溶解上述胶状中间产物,加入1.5g雷尼镍(Ra-Ni)催化剂后,将混合物在室温和50psi H2下搅拌6h,反应完全后通过G4烧结漏斗过滤反应物,减压旋转蒸发除去溶剂,硅胶柱层析得DO3A-tris(t-Bu)-EN。
实施例2:Gd-DO3A-EBP的合成
将0.88g DO3A-tris(t-Bu)-EN、0.8g EBP和0.33g 1-羟基苯并三氮唑(HOBt)溶于5mL DMF中,加0.35mL N-甲基吗啉(NMM),0℃搅拌15min后加入0.23mg N-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-N'-乙基碳二亚胺(EDC),继续搅拌使其过夜,反应完全后减压旋转蒸发除去溶剂,HPLC纯化,冻干,得白色粉状物DO3A-EBP。将DO3A-tris(t-Bu)-SH与EBP在DMSO中,加入双氧水,0℃搅拌2h得到双硫键连接的DO3A-EBP。
称取96mg DO3A-EBP,溶于10mL水中,加过量Gd(OAc)3,滴加0.01N NaOH调节pH至5.5~6.0后,50℃下搅拌反应48h,用乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)二钾除去游离的Gd3+,制成Gd-DO3A-EBP。
实施例3:Gd-DO3A-8-Aoc-EBP的合成
取0.5g EBP溶入40mL DMF中,加0.2g BOP试剂和0.1g HOBt,室温下搅拌,滴加0.6mL N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)后加0.32g辛二酸,室温下搅拌1小时,真空减压去溶剂,用10mL乙酸乙酯结晶萃取,HPLC纯化得半辛二酸酐-EBP。另将0.28g DO3A-tris(t-Bu)-EN、0.16g半辛二酸酐-EBP和0.33gHOBt溶于5mL DMF中,加0.35mLNMM,0℃搅拌15min后加入0.1mg EDC,继续搅拌使其过夜,反应完全后减压旋转蒸发除去溶剂,HPLC纯化,冻干,得DO3A-8-Aoc-EBP。称取96mg DO3A-8-Aoc-EBP,溶于10mL水中,加过量Gd(OAc)3,滴加0.01NNaOH调节pH至5.5~6.0后,50℃下搅拌反应48h,用EDTA二钾除去游离的Gd3+,制成Gd-DO3A-8-Aoc-EBP。
实施例4:Gd-DO3A-PEG-EBP的合成
取143mg DO3A-tris(t-Bu)-EN溶入4mL氯仿中,加340mg羧基-聚乙二醇-马来酰亚胺(MAL-PEG-COOH)和0.8mL三氟乙酸(TEA)混匀,室温下反应2h,真空干燥去除氯仿和TEA后,加PBS和去离子水,透析,加无水乙二醚沉淀,用10mL三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷(1:1)发生脱叔丁基反应,得DO3A-PEG-MAL。另取78mg EBP和300mgDO3A-PEG-MAL,溶入10mL 0.1M磷酸钠(94.7mM Na2HPO4,5.3mM NaH2PO4,pH8.0)中,室温避光搅拌反应24h,制得DO3A-PEG-EBP。称取46mg DO3A-PEG-EBP,溶解于5mL水中,等完全溶解后,加过量Gd(OAc)3,滴加0.01NNaOH调节pH至5.5~6.0后,50℃下搅拌反应48h,用EDTA二钾除去游离的Gd3+,制成Gd-DO3A-PEG-EBP。
实施例5:p-SCN-Bn-DO3A(2-[(4-异硫氰基苯基)甲基]-DO3A)的合成
1.5g DO3A-三叔丁基酯溶入30mL乙腈中,加1.0g NaHCO3和0.626g对硝基溴苄,50℃下搅拌反应24h,过滤,真空减压去溶剂,反应物用15mL甲醇-Pd/C(90%甲醇、10%Pd/C)溶解,在室温和50psiH2下搅拌6h,交替使用甲醇(3×20mL)和二氯甲烷(3×20mL)洗涤,反应物溶入20mL DMF,加1.18g KOH,滴加二硫化碳,在氮气保护下于45℃反应7.5h,抽滤后加入20mL甲苯在60℃下真空干燥,将所得化合物悬浮于20mL无水二氯乙烷中,滴入4mL溶有1.48g二(三氯甲基)碳酸酯的二氯乙烷溶液,滴加时间2h。滴完后在45℃反应15h,用10mL三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷(1:1)发生脱叔丁基反应,经MS检测,HPLC纯化,冻干,得p-SCN-Bn-DO3A。
实施例6:Gd-DO3A-HPMA-EBP的合成
p-SCN-Bn-DO3A产物用10mL DMF溶解,加0.12gAPMA和10mgDIPEA,通入氮气,室温下搅拌反应24h,过滤,硅胶柱层析,得DO3A-APMA。
另取148mg HPMA、30mg MA-GG-EBP、42mg DO3A-APMA和1mg偶氮二异丁腈,加入2mL10%丙酮/二甲基亚砜(v/v),通入氮气,50℃下反应22h,交替使用过量的丙酮和二乙醚冲洗,再加甲醇,透析,真空干燥得聚合物DO3A-APMA-HPMA-EBP。称取96mgDO3A-APMA-HPMA-EBP,溶于10mL水中,加过量Gd(OAc)3,滴加0.01N NaOH调节pH至5.5~6.0后,50℃下搅拌反应48h,用EDTA二钾除去游离的Gd3+,制成Gd-DO3A-HPMA-EBP。
实施例7:Gd-DO3A-PAMAM-EBP的合成
取100mg PAMAM溶入20ml PBS(pH 8.0)中,加121mg
MAL-PEG3500-NHS,室温下反应2h,经离心式超滤器(滤膜cutoff=10kDa)过滤,溶入10mL 100mM磷酸钠(94.7mM Na2HPO4,5.3mMNaH2PO4,pH8.0)中,加82mg EBP,室温避光搅拌反应24h后过滤(滤膜cutoff=3kDa),溶入DMF中,再加53mg p-SCN-Bn-DO3A和10mgDIPEA,通入氮气,室温下反应24h后过滤(滤膜cutoff=3kDa),再用10ml水溶解,加过量Gd(OAc)3,滴加0.01N NaOH调节pH至5.5~6.0后,50℃下搅拌反应48h,用乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)二钾除去游离的Gd3+,制成目标产物。
实施例8:造影剂弛豫率r1测定
用弛豫率r1表征造影剂的弛豫增强能力。本发明在室温下,利用核磁共振成像仪,分别测定上述实施例中Gd-DO3A-EBP、Gd-DO3A-8-Aoc-EBP、Gd-DO3A-PEG-EBP、Gd-DO3A-HPMA-EBP和Gd-DO3A-PAMAM-EBP造影剂的弛豫率r1,并与市售的医用小分子MRI造影剂Gd-DO3A-butrol(加乐显)相比较,评估本发明造影剂的弛豫增强能力。
称取一定量的本发明造影剂测试样品(采用高频电感藕合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测量样品中Gd3+含量,按样品中的Gd3+含量计),以水为溶剂,分别配制成0、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6和2.0mmol/L系列浓度的溶液,采用反转恢复法测定不同浓度样品的弛豫时间T1(i)和纯水的驰豫时间T1(0),按照公式:r1=[1/T1(0)-1/T1(i)]/cM计算相应样品的弛豫率r1,式中cM为溶液中Gd3+的摩尔浓度。
检测结果为,本发明的Gd-DO3A-EBP、Gd-DO3A-8-Aoc-EBP、Gd-DO3A-PEG-EBP、Gd-DO3A-HPMA-EBP和Gd-DO3A-PAMAM-EBP造影剂在水溶液中的r1分别是7.28、9.45、13.56、20.7和23.1L·mmol-1·s-1,而在水溶液中的r1只有3.62L·mmol-1·s-1。表明本发明造影剂的弛豫率r1,均高于商业化的MRI造影剂Gadovist的弛豫率r1。
实施例9:体外细胞富集试验
取对数生长期的EGFR高表达人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-453、人肺癌细胞HCC97、人胃癌细胞SGC-7901、人结肠癌细胞SW480和EGFR低表达人神经胶质瘤细胞U13MG,胰酶消化,收集细胞,离心,培养液重悬细胞,计数。以每瓶1×107个细胞的数量置入细胞培养瓶中,在37℃、CO2培养箱中培养24h后分Gd-DO3A-EBP、Gd-DO3A-8-Aoc-EBP、Gd-DO3A-PEG-EBP、Gd-DO3A-HPMA-EBP、Gd-DO3A-PAMAM-EBP实验组和Gd-DO3A-butrol(加乐显)对照组。各组小心移去细胞培养液后加5μM的造影剂(浓度以各测试物中所含Gd3+计),细胞继续在37℃、CO2培养箱中培养1h或12h。移去培养液后用PBS冲洗三次细胞,胰酶消化,离心收集,加200μL、1M盐酸、80℃处理细胞20min,离心(12000r/min,10min),取上清进行ICP检测Gd3+浓度。实验数据采用SPSS 13.0for Windows软件处理,以均数±标准差(χ±s)表示。检测结果见图1。
如图1所示,用Gd-DO3A-EBP、Gd-DO3A-8-Aoc-EBP、Gd-DO3A-PEG-EBP、Gd-DO3A-HPMA-EBP和Gd-DO3A-PAMAM-EBP造影剂生物孵育细胞1h或12h后,在EGFR高表达细胞(MDA-MB-453、SW480、SGC-7901、HCC97)内Gd3+含量高,EGFR低表达细胞(U13MG)内Gd3+含量低,高表达与低表达细胞比较,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。而用Gd-DO3A-butrol(对照)处理的细胞1h或12h后,5株细胞内Gd3+含量无显著差异(P>0.05;t检验)。
结果表明,细胞富集Gadovist造影剂与EGFR表达无关,而细胞富集肿瘤靶向性造影剂与EGFR的表达水平密切相关。
实施例10:体外细胞富集抑制试验
单克隆抗体C225是EGFR抑制剂,试验预先应用C225处理细胞以封闭细胞EGFR,再用造影剂孵育细胞,然后检测细胞Gd3+浓度,判断EGFR抑制剂封闭受体是否影响细胞与造影剂的结合。
具体步骤是取对数生长期的EGFR高表达MDA-MB-453、HCC97、SGC-7901、SW480细胞和EGFR低表达U13MG细胞,胰酶消化,收集细胞,离心,培养液重悬细胞,计数。以每瓶1×107个细胞的数量置入细胞培养瓶中,在37℃、CO2培养箱中培养24h后分Gd-DO3A-EBP、Gd-DO3A-8-Aoc-EBP、Gd-DO3A-PEG-EBP、Gd-DO3A-HPMA-EBP、Gd-DO3A-PAMAM-EBP实验组和Gd-DO3A-butrol(加乐显)对照组。各组小心移去细胞培养液后加5μM的造影剂(浓度以各测试物中所含Gd3+计)细胞继续在37℃、CO2培养箱中培养1h或12h。移去培养液后用PBS冲洗三次细胞,胰酶消化,离心收集,加200μL、1M盐酸、80℃处理细胞20min,离心(12,000r/min,10min),取上清进行ICP检测Gd3+浓度。实验数据采用SPSS 13.0for Windows软件处理,以均数±标准差(χ±s)表示。检测结果见图2。
如图2所示,预先用C225封闭EGFR后,再用肿瘤靶向性钆类衍生物处理细胞1h或12h,与未用抑制剂预处理的细胞相比(图1),EGFR高表达的MDA-MB-453、HCC97、SGC-7901、SW480细胞和EGFR低表达U13MG细胞中,Gd3+浓度均降低,差异非常显著(P<0.01;t检验),说明EGFR抑制剂明显抑制了本发明造影剂与细胞的结合,导致细胞Gd3+浓度下降明显,也表明本发明造影剂与细胞EGFR有关。
然而,预先用C225封闭EGFR后,再用非肿瘤靶向性MRI造影剂处理细胞1h或12h,与未用抑制剂预处理的细胞相比,EGFR高表达的MDA-MB-453、HCC97、SGC-7901、SW480细胞和EGFR低表达U13MG细胞中,Gd3+浓度无明显差异(P>0.05;t检验),表明细胞Gd3+浓度不受EGFR抑制剂预处理的影响,也说明细胞结合与细胞EGFR无关。
实施例11:体外细胞磁共振成像试验
取对数生长期的EGFR高表达MDA-MB-453、HCC97、SGC-7901、SW480细胞和EGFR低表达U13MG细胞,以每支1×105个细胞数置入Eppendorf管内,分Gd-DO3A-EBP、Gd-DO3A-8-Aoc-EBP、Gd-DO3A-PEG-EBP、Gd-DO3A-HPMA-EBP和Gd-DO3A-PAMAM-EBP实验组和Gd-DO3A-butrol(加乐显)对照组。各组小心移去细胞培养液后加5μM的造影剂(浓度以各测试物中所含Gd3+计)的新鲜培养液1mL,37℃孵育24小时。PBS冲洗三次,除去未与细胞结合的对比剂,加固定液1mL至Eppendorf管内,然后进行磁共振扫描检查。检测不同Eppendorf管内细胞团图像信号强度。如图3。
肿瘤靶向性和非靶向性造影剂的体外T1加权成像效果通过检测不同EGFR表达水平细胞的图像来表现。从图3中可以看出,在相同浓度下,Gd-DO3A-EBP、Gd-DO3A-8-Aoc-EBP、Gd-DO3A-PEG-EBP、Gd-DO3A-HPMA-EBP和Gd-DO3A-PAMAM-EBP造影剂生物作用于EGFR高表达的MDA-MB-453、HCC97、SGC-7901和SW480细胞,成像的亮度高于EGFR低表达的U13MG细胞,表明本发明的造影剂具有靶向EGFR作用,能提高EGFR阳性表达肿瘤的成像信号强度。
从图3中也可以看出,尽管相同浓度的作用于不同EGFR表达水平的细胞,EGFR高表达的MDA-MB-453、HCC97、SGC-7901和SW480细胞,成像的亮度与EGFR低表达的U13MG细胞之间无明显差异,表明的细胞成像与EGFR无关。
实施例11:体外细胞磁共振成像抑制试验
应用C225预处理细胞,再用对比剂孵育细胞,然后进行MR检查,观察抑制剂对细胞对比增强的影响。
取对数生长期的EGFR高表达MDA-MB-453、HCC97、SGC-7901、SW480细胞和EGFR低表达U13MG细胞,以每支1×105个细胞数置入Eppendorf管内,分Gd-DO3A-EBP、Gd-DO3A-8-Aoc-EBP、Gd-DO3A-PEG-EBP、Gd-DO3A-HPMA-EBP和Gd-DO3A-PAMAM-EBP实验组和Gd-DO3A-butrol(加乐显)对照组。各组小心移去细胞培养液后加5μM的测试物(浓度以各测试物中所含Gd3+计)的新鲜培养液1mL,37℃孵育24小时。PBS冲洗三次,除去未与细胞结合的对比剂,加固定液1mL至Eppendorf管内,然后进行磁共振扫描检查。检测不同Eppendorf管内细胞团图像信号强度(见图4)。
预先用C225处理细胞,再用Gadovist孵育细胞,与未用C225相比,不同EGFR表达水平的参试细胞体外T1加权成像效果无显著差异(图3和图4),表明Gadovist的成像效果与EGFR无关。
先用C225处理细胞,再用Gd-DO3A-EBP、Gd-DO3A-8-Aoc-EBP、Gd-DO3A-PEG-EBP、Gd-DO3A-HPMA-EBP和Gd-DO3A-PAMAM-EBP造影剂孵育细胞,与未用抑制剂C225相比,EGFR高表达MDA-MB-453、HCC97、SGC-7901、SW480细胞和EGFR低表达U13MG细胞,成像的亮度减弱(图3和图4),结果显示C225明显抑制了细胞富集本发明的造影剂,导致体外细胞T1加权成像效果明显下降,表明本发明的造影剂与细胞的结合与EGFR密切相关。
实施例12:体内人乳腺癌移植瘤磁共振成像动物试验
选择5~6周龄、体重18~22g的SPF级BALB/c裸鼠为实验动物。取对数生长期人乳腺癌MDA-MB-453细胞,用不含小牛血清的RPMI-1640培养液调整细胞数为1.5×107个/mL,取0.2mL细胞悬液接种至小鼠右侧近后肢皮下,2周后选择肿瘤生长良好且无坏死的动物,颈椎脱臼处死,无菌条件下取出实体瘤,切成直径约2mm大小的瘤块,用20号穿刺针移植至裸鼠右侧近后肢皮下。肿瘤移植后2周,选择肿癌生长良好的小鼠为移植瘤动物模型。乳腺癌移植瘤小鼠随机分为Gd-DO3A-EBP、Gd-DO3A-8-Aoc-EBP、Gd-DO3A-PEG-EBP、Gd-DO3A-HPMA-EBP和Gd-DO3A-PAMAM-EBP实验组和Gd-DO3A-butrol(加乐显)对照组,每组10只,雌、雄各半。移植肿瘤后第14天,分别经尾静脉注射造影剂(以其中所含Gd3+含量计,按0.05mmol-Gd3+/kg剂量注射),分别于注射前(0)和注射后(1、2和4小时)进行MRI检查,结果见图5。
结果显示,Gadovist对照组注射对比剂后1h与注射前相比,瘤体信号强度升高,差异显著,但随着时间延长(2h和4h后),瘤体信号强度明显减弱,与注射前相比无显著差异,说明进入体内后迅速漏到血管外,成像作用时间短。
而Gd-DO3A-EBP、Gd-DO3A-8-Aoc-EBP、Gd-DO3A-PEG-EBP、Gd-DO3A-HPMA-EBP和Gd-DO3A-PAMAM-EBP造影剂实验组裸鼠注射后1h、2h和4h,瘤体信号强度逐渐升高,与注射对比剂前比较,差异非常显著。此外,实验组在注射对比剂后2h、4h,与Gadovist对照组相比,瘤体信号强度明显升高,而对照组裸鼠肿瘤组织信号几乎无变化,表明本发明的造影剂进入体内后,逐渐与细胞EGFR结合集聚Gd-DO3A到EGFR阳性表达的肿瘤细胞,致使裸鼠肿瘤组织中信号随时间延长而逐渐升高。
从以上实施例可以看出,本发明的造影剂在弛豫增强能力上比现有的造影剂效果更好,而且可以靶向性结合肿瘤细胞的EGFR,不仅具有很强的靶向造影效果,同时还延长了造影剂在体内的成像时间,从而可以减少造影剂的添加剂量,具有很强的实用性。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种肿瘤靶向性MRI造影剂,其特征在于:所述造影剂中包括小分子钆螯合物部分和靶向载体部分,小分子钆螯合物部分和靶向载体部分通过酰胺键偶联;其中,所述小分子钆螯合物部分为Gd-DO3A;所述靶向载体部分为R-EBP分子,其中R为辛二酸;所述靶向载体部分R-EBP分子是将R与EBP分子缩合后得到R-EBP,然后再将R-EBP与DO3A-三叔丁基乙二胺进行酰胺缩合得到DO3A-R-EBP,最后将DO3A-R-EBP与Gd(OAc)3反应得到的;所述DO3A-三叔丁基乙二胺是将三叔丁基-DO3A经过氰基取代,氨基化,然后经过还原后得到的。
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