CN105997936B - 一种羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105997936B
CN105997936B CN201610455538.0A CN201610455538A CN105997936B CN 105997936 B CN105997936 B CN 105997936B CN 201610455538 A CN201610455538 A CN 201610455538A CN 105997936 B CN105997936 B CN 105997936B
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冯超
李静
陈西广
孔明
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于药物口服递送的纳米微粒固定化胶球的制备技术,即一种羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球的制备方法,通过内部离子交联法将水溶液中均匀分散的羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定于多层多孔海藻酸钠胶球中。该多层球具有耐胃酸和肠道崩解的特性,在肠道中性及弱碱性环境中迅速释放出羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒。不仅能够有效克服羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒在胃酸条件下不稳定的缺陷,更能够延长负载药物在肠道中的释放时间,提高药物的口服递送效率。可用于医用生物材料和药物载体,具有良好的研究和开发利用前景。

Description

一种羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球的 制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于生物材料领域的一种羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球的制备技术。
背景技术
壳聚糖是一种天然高分子聚糖,因其具有优良的生物相容性、生物可降解性、血液及组织相容性,而广泛应用于生物医药领域,是一种具有广泛应用前景的新型药物载体。羧甲基壳聚糖是一种水溶性壳聚糖衍生物,具有许多特性,如抗菌抗感染、抗病毒等,是一种两性聚电解质,在医药方面有多种应用,也是近年来研究得较多的壳聚糖衍生物之一。海藻酸钠是一种天然的阴离子多糖,强酸性条件下稳定而在弱酸、生理中性及弱碱性条件下解体,可用作胃酸保护材料应用到口服药物载体制备中。在现有的研究发明中,已经报道了一种羧甲基壳聚糖复合纳米胶囊的制备方法,通过离子交联、聚合物凝聚两步法合成羧甲基壳聚糖复合纳米胶囊。该方法制备的羧甲基壳聚糖复合纳米胶囊,具有核壳结构,有利于药物包载;表面电位为正,有利于细胞的吞噬;具有pH敏感性,有利于响应体内微环境变化。但是,在口服过程中,所制备的羧甲基壳聚糖复合纳米胶囊在十二指肠中就会释放出载药纳米微粒,这必然导致药物的提前释放,大大降低药物的应用效果。如何提高羧甲基壳聚糖复合纳米胶囊的结构稳定性,延长复合纳米胶囊释放纳米微粒的时间,是本发明所解决的关键问题。本发明不仅将羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒通过层层包被技术固定于多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球中来提高纳米微粒的酸耐受性。同时,利用化学反应,使核心球中产生多孔结构,进而制备具有内部交联结构的核心球。该羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球能在冷冻干燥后长期存放,在肠道中性及弱碱性条件下才能释放出结构完整的纳米微粒,因而能延长纳米微粒的解体时间,能够显著增强羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球作为口服药物输送载体的临床应用性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球的制备方法,是在已有技术发明专利基础上的延伸(申请号:201210101510.9),以拓展已有技术的应用范围。
本发明通过微孔滴注,离子交联和层层包被技术合成目标产物即羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球。其具体步骤是:
1) 羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒的制备:参照专利(一种羧甲基壳聚糖复合纳米胶囊的制备方法,申请号:201210101510.9)制备羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒;
2) 核心球的制备:将羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒在水相中分散,超声后,加入到含有碳酸钙的海藻酸钠水溶液(1.5 – 2.5 %(w/v))中混匀,制备成纳米凝胶。将该混合溶液用注射器滴入缓慢搅拌的0.15 – 0.25 %(w/v)的盐酸溶液中,待核心球全部浮起后滤去液体,用蒸馏水漂洗3次,得到多孔核心球;
3) 多层球的制备:将核心球浸没于1.5-2.5 %(w/v)的海藻酸钠水溶液中,静置,滤除多余液体,将胶球放入含有表面活性剂吐温-80和司班-80的液体石蜡中,其中表面活性剂与液体石蜡的体积比为0.5-1:100。500 rpm/min搅拌15 min,加入1-3 %(w/v)的氯化钙溶液,其中氯化钙溶液与液体石蜡的体积比为1:1,500 rpm/min搅拌15 min,蒸馏水漂洗3次,得到单层包被多层球;
4) 重复步骤3),得到所需层数的羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球,其中层数=重复步骤3)次数,可重复1-5次,冻干后即得本发明产品。
本发明具有操作简便、制备技术工艺简单以及制造成本低廉等优点,可以通过改变海藻酸钠外壳的层数来控制本产品的抵抗胃酸能力,所形成的羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球为规则球形。本发明的重要意义在于形成的羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球不仅能够耐受胃部的低pH环境,仅在到达小肠的中性或弱碱性环境下才释放出纳米微粒,而且能够很大程度上延长纳米微粒的解体时间,因此可以作为口服药物的输送载体,该项发明技术具有良好的开发应用潜力。以下结合附图和实施例对本发明做出进一步说明。
附图说明
图1为3层包被的羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球横切面扫描电镜照片。
图2为羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球的核心球扫描电镜照片。
图3为包载阿霉素的3层包被羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球的释药图片。
具体实施方式
1) 参照专利(一种羧甲基壳聚糖复合纳米胶囊的制备方法,申请号:201210101510.9)制备羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒;
2) 将羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒超声(功率:150 W,时间:5-10 min)分散后,加入到含有碳酸钙的海藻酸钠水溶液(1.5-2.5 %(w/v))中混匀制备成纳米凝胶,将该混合溶液用注射器滴加至缓慢搅拌0.15-0.25 %(w/v)的盐酸溶液中,待核心球全部浮起后滤去液体,蒸馏水漂洗3次,得到多孔核心球;
3) 将核心球浸没于1.5-2.5 %(w/v)的海藻酸钠水溶液中,静置,滤除多余液体,将胶球放入含有表面活性剂的液体石蜡中,其中表面活性剂与液体石蜡的体积比为0.5-1:100,搅拌悬浮,加入浓度为1-3 %(w/v)的氯化钙溶液,搅拌固化,滤去液体,蒸馏水漂洗3次,得到单层包被核心球;
4) 重复步骤3)得到所需层数的羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球,冻干后即得本发明产品。
实施例1
将5 mL,0.2 %(w/v)的羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒150 W超声5 min分散,加入到5 mL含有0.2 g碳酸钙的海藻酸钠溶液(1.5 %(w/v))中混匀,将混合液用注射器滴入缓慢搅拌的0.15 %(w/v)的盐酸溶液中。待核心球全部浮起,用蒸馏水漂洗3次,得到多孔核心球。将核心球浸没于1.5 %(w/v)的海藻酸钠溶液中,静置5 min,滤去多余液体,将胶球放入0.5mL吐温-80,0.5 mL司班-80与100 mL液体石蜡的混合液中,500 rpm/min搅拌15 min,加入100 mL浓度为1 %(w/v)的氯化钙溶液,500 rpm/min继续搅拌15 min,蒸馏水漂洗3次,得到包被核心球,冻干,即可得到单层包被本产品。
实施例2
将5 mL,0.3 %(w/v)的羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒150 W超声8 min分散,加入到5 mL含有0.2 g碳酸钙的海藻酸钠溶液(2 %(w/v))中混匀,将混合液用注射器滴入缓慢搅拌的0.2 %(w/v)的盐酸溶液中。待核心球全部浮起,用蒸馏水漂洗3次,得到多孔核心球。将核心球浸没于2 %(w/v)的海藻酸钠溶液中,静置5 min,滤去多余液体,将胶球放入0.8 mL吐温-80,0.8 mL司班-80与100 mL液体石蜡的混合液中,500 rpm/min搅拌15 min,加入100 mL浓度为2 %(w/v)的氯化钙溶液,500 rpm/min继续搅拌15 min,蒸馏水漂洗3次,得到包被核心球,冻干,重复包被3次,即可得到3层包被本产品。
实施例3
将5 mL,0.4 %(w/v)的羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒150 W超声10 min分散,加入到15mL含有0.2 g碳酸钙的海藻酸钠溶液(2.5 %(w/v))中混匀,将混合液用注射器滴入缓慢搅拌的0.25 %(w/v)的盐酸溶液中。待核心球全部浮起,用蒸馏水漂洗3次,得到多孔核心球。将核心球浸没于2.5 %(w/v)的海藻酸钠溶液中,静置5 min,滤去多余液体,将胶球放入1.0mL吐温-80,1.0 mL司班-80与100 mL液体石蜡的混合液中,500 rpm/min搅拌15 min,加入100 mL浓度为3 %(w/v)的氯化钙溶液,500 rpm/min继续搅拌15 min,蒸馏水漂洗3次,得到包被核心球,冻干,重复包被5次,即可得到5层包被本产品。

Claims (1)

1.一种羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球的制备方法,其特征在于通过内部离子交联法将羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定于多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球中,冻干后获得羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球,具体为:
(1) 核心球的制备:将羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒在水相中分散,加入到含有碳酸钙的海藻酸钠水溶液中,其中海藻酸钠浓度为1.5-2.5 % w/v,碳酸钙与羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒的质量比为1:0.05-0.1,碳酸钙与海藻酸钠的质量比为1:0.375-0.625,搅拌混匀后,将该混合溶液加入到至0.15-0.25 % w/v 的盐酸溶液中,高速搅拌,待核心球全部浮起后滤去液体,用蒸馏水漂洗,得到多孔核心球;
(2)多层结构的制备:将核心球浸没于1.5-2.5 % w/v的海藻酸钠水溶液中,静置,滤除多余液体,将胶球放入含有表面活性剂的液体石蜡中,搅拌,加入1-3 % w/v的氯化钙溶液,搅拌固化,滤去液体,蒸馏水漂洗,得到包被多孔胶球;
(3)重复步骤(2),得到所需包被层数的羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球,其中层数=重复步骤(2)次数,重复1-5次,冻干后即得羧甲基壳聚糖纳米微粒固定化多孔多层海藻酸钠胶球。
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