CN105994589A - 一种串联干燥联合预处理提高牛蒡片总酚含量和抗氧化能力的方法 - Google Patents
一种串联干燥联合预处理提高牛蒡片总酚含量和抗氧化能力的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A23B7/024—Freeze-drying, i.e. cryodessication or lyophilisation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种串联干燥联合预处理提高牛蒡片总酚含量和抗氧化能力的方法,属于农产品深加工技术领域。其主要以牛蒡根为原料,将牛蒡根清洗、切片、护色、真空辅助超声预处理、真空冷冻联合间歇真空微波干燥、包装。本发明采用了真空辅助超声预处理与真空冷冻联合间歇真空微波干燥技术相结合,预处理阶段真空辅助超声处理钝化多酚氧化酶,通过排除氧气、降低热处理温度、缩短热处理时间来减少牛蒡根中多酚类物质的氧化降解,干燥阶段采用真空冷冻联合间歇真空微波干燥,可减缓热敏性多酚类物质的降解。所得牛蒡片复水性好,总酚含量为20~25mg/g,抗氧化性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种串联干燥联合预处理提高牛蒡片总酚含量和抗氧化能力的方法,属于农产品深加工技术领域。
背景技术
干燥是将物料中的水分含量降低到一定程度,阻碍物料内部腐败微生物的滋生和以水为介质的化学反应的发生,是一种有效延长食品的货架期、降低贮运成本的果蔬深加工方式。但果蔬中的热敏感、氧敏感营养成分在高温和空气中极易降解损失,大大降低了果蔬干制品的营养价值。
新鲜牛蒡根营养丰富,除含有多糖、蛋白质、脂肪、粗纤维之外,还含有钙、磷、铁、维生素B1、维生素B2、尼克酸、维生素C及胡萝卜素,尤其富含绿原酸、咖啡酸、牛蒡子苷、槲皮素、木犀草素等多种酚类物质。这些多酚类活性物质使牛蒡根具有较强的氧自由基清除能力,在抗氧化、抗衰老及抗癌方面效果显著。但牛蒡根中的多酚类化合物极易在干燥及前期处理过程中氧化和降解,降低干制牛蒡片的抗氧化能力。
联合干燥是将两种或两种以上的干燥方式以串连或并联的方式组合,在不同的脱水阶段选择适宜的干燥方式,以此实现高效干燥过程,产出高质的产品。倪勤学(2012年)为提高地被竹叶抗氧化物质利用率,采用晒干、阴干、热风干燥、微波干燥和冷冻干燥5种方法控制干燥条件,研究不同干燥方法对黄条金刚竹和鸡毛竹叶提取物总黄酮、总酚和三萜等抗氧化物质含量及抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明,不同干燥方法对竹叶抗氧化成分和抗氧化能力都有较大的影响,采用冷冻干燥可使竹叶抗氧化物质含量及抗氧化性能保持最高水平。考虑到成本与干燥周期等诸多因素,地被竹叶最佳干燥方法是100℃热风干燥或480W微波干燥后90℃热风干燥2h。该研究采用的是热风联合微波干燥,与本发明的真空冷冻联合间歇真空微波干燥方法不同。
王玉婷等(2013年)比较了热风干燥、真空干燥、真空冷冻干燥对香蕉片中总多酚含量及其抗氧化活性的影响,结果表明总酚含量、DPPH自由基清除能力及·OH清除能力大小依次为真空冷冻干燥>真空干燥>热风干燥。王红等(2015年)以芡实中总多糖、总酚、总黄酮、不同构型维生素E含量及抗氧化活性为指标,考察阴干、晒干、烘干、真空冷冻干燥、红外干燥及微波干燥6种干燥方式对芡实品质的影响。结果发现采用微波干燥能够最大程度地保留样品中总多糖、总酚和总黄酮类物质,真空冷冻干燥能最大程度积累维生素E各类构型成分并表现出最佳的抗氧化活性。以上两个研究仅考察了单一的干燥方式对干燥产品抗氧化能力的影响,并未考虑联合干燥方式的作用。
真空超声干燥技术是真空联合超声波对物料进行干燥,抽真空使环境压力低于大气压进而降低水分蒸发温度,超声处理加快质和热的传递,提高干燥效率。但目前真空超声技术在干燥领域的研究主要局限在如何提高干燥效率,尚缺乏应用真空超声预处理提高干制品营养品质的研究。本发明预处理阶段采用真空辅助超声预处理,抽真空使环境压力低于大气压来降低酶失活温度和多酚物质的氧化,超声波加热加快多酚氧化酶活性钝化,缩短预处理时间,并在物料内部形成微通道,利于热和质的传递;干燥阶段采用真空冷冻联合间歇真空微波干燥,提高干燥效率、保证产品品质,并可以减缓热敏性多酚类物质的降解,提高牛蒡片产品的抗氧化能力。
发明内容
技术问题:
一种串联干燥联合预处理提高牛蒡片总酚含量和抗氧化能力的方法,通过真空辅助超声预处理技术与联合干燥技术相结合优化牛蒡片干燥过程,提高干燥效率,保证产品的营养品质。
技术方案:
一种串联干燥联合预处理提高牛蒡片总酚含量和抗氧化能力的方法,以新鲜牛蒡根为原料,将牛蒡根清洗、切片、护色、真空辅助超声预处理、真空冷冻联合间歇真空微波干燥、包装。具体实施方案如下:
1.选料:挑选新鲜、粗细均匀的牛蒡根为原料;
2.清洗切分:洗净表面泥土后,将牛蒡根切成厚度为3~5mm的片状;
3.护色:将牛蒡片放入1%柠檬酸中浸泡30min,沥干;
4.真空辅助超声预处理:将5~10g牛蒡片放入真空设备中,打开抽真空阀门,真空度达到80~100kpa后进行超声波处理,超声处理频率40~60kHz,功率密度0.35~0.65W/cm2,温度70~90℃,时间0.5~2.0min;
5.真空冷冻联合间歇真空微波干燥:
真空冷冻干燥:将真空辅助超声预处理后的牛蒡片置于真空冷冻箱内,干燥时间4~8h,干燥至转换点水分为50~70%;
间歇真空微波干燥:真空度75~90kPa,第一段微波发射功率为9~15W/g,微波时间60~180s,间歇50~100s,循环3~5次;第二段发射功率为4~8W/g,微波时间60~180s,循环1~3次,至牛蒡片含水量低于5%;;
6.包装:干燥结束后牛蒡片冷却至室温,充氮包装在密封性好的铝塑袋中,并置于常温干燥处贮藏。
本发明的有益效果:
1.本发明预处理阶段采用真空处理能有效排除氧气,使环境压力低于大气压降低酶失活温度;超声波释放的能量使酶分子的结构发生变化,加快多酚氧化酶的失活,氧气的去除、较低的加热温度、较短的热处理时间均可降低多酚物质的降解;干燥阶段采用真空冷冻联合间歇真空微波干燥,前期真空冷冻过程去除水分同时可减缓热敏性多酚类物质,后期间歇真空微波缩短干燥时间,利于多酚类物质保留。
2.真空辅助超声预处理酶失活时间较热水烫漂显著缩短(≥33.3%);真空辅助超声预处理结合联合干燥生产牛蒡片效率高,与常规热水烫漂后单一真空冷冻干燥样品相比,干燥时间显著缩短(≥46%);所得牛蒡片中总酚含量较常规热水烫漂后热风干燥、真空微波干燥、真空冷冻干燥显著提高,提高率分别为26.5%、19.2%和12.3%;DPPH·自由基清除率IC50值显著降低,降低率分别为28.5%、20.5%和15.7%。
3.真空辅助超声预处理结合真空冷冻联合间歇真空微波干燥工艺生产的牛蒡片抗氧化能力强,产品的营养品质显著提高。
4.超声波的利用能促进牛蒡片内部形成微通道,内部空隙明显扩大,提高牛蒡片茶的复水性能,产品复水比显著提高,相比热水烫漂后联合干燥生产的牛蒡片提高15~25%。
附图说明
图1不同预处理对POD相对酶活力的影响
图2不同预处理所得牛蒡片茶的微观结构图
(A热水烫漂B真空辅助超声预处理)
具体实施方式
下面的实施例是对本发明的进一步详细描述,但并不意味着对本发明的任何限制。
实施例
挑选新鲜、粗细均匀的牛蒡根为原料;洗净表面泥土后,将牛蒡根切成厚度为3~5mm的片状;将牛蒡片放入1%柠檬酸中浸泡30min,沥干;将5~10g牛蒡片放入真空设备中,打开抽真空阀门,真空度达到80~100kpa后进行超声波处理,超声处理频率40~60kHz,功率密度0.35~0.65W/cm2,温度70~90℃,时间0.5~2.0min;将真空辅助超声预处理后的牛蒡片置于真空冷冻箱内,干燥时间4~8h,干燥至转换点水分为50~70%;将真空冷冻干燥的牛蒡片放入真空微波干燥箱内,真空度75~90kPa,第一段微波发射功率为9~15W/g,微波时间60~180s,间歇50~100s,循环3~5次;第二段发射功率为4~8W/g,微波时间60~180s,循环1~3次,至牛蒡片含水量低于5%;干燥结束后牛蒡片冷却至室温,充氮包装在密封性好的铝塑袋中,并置于常温干燥处贮藏。所得牛蒡片茶的总酚含量达到20~25mg/g,DPPH+·IC50为0.5~0.7mg/mL,表明牛蒡片茶产品较好地保持了原有的营养物质及抗氧化能力。
Claims (1)
1.一种串联干燥联合预处理提高牛蒡片总酚含量和抗氧化能力的方法,将牛蒡根清洗、切片、护色、真空辅助超声预处理、真空冷冻联合间歇真空微波干燥、包装,具体步骤如下:
1.选料:挑选新鲜、粗细均匀的牛蒡根为原料;
2.清洗切分:洗净表面泥土后,将牛蒡根切成厚度为3~5mm的片状;
3.护色:将牛蒡片放入1%柠檬酸中浸泡30min,沥干;
4.真空辅助超声预处理:将5~10g牛蒡片放入真空设备中,打开抽真空阀门,真空度达到80~100kpa后进行超声波处理,超声处理频率40~60kHz,功率密度0.35~0.65W/cm2,温度70~90℃,时间0.5~2.0min;
5.真空冷冻联合间歇真空微波干燥:
真空冷冻干燥:将真空辅助超声预处理处理后的牛蒡片置于真空冷冻箱内,干燥时间4~8h,干燥至转换点水分为50~70%;
间歇真空微波干燥:真空度75~90kPa,第一段微波发射功率为9~15W/g,微波时间60~180s,间歇50~100s,循环3~5次;第二段发射功率为4~8W/g,微波时间60~180s,循环1~3次,至牛蒡片含水量低于5%;
6.包装:干燥结束后牛蒡片冷却至室温,充氮包装在密封性好的铝塑袋中,并置于常温干燥处贮藏。
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