CN105994304B - 一种昆虫细胞免疫抑制剂的用途 - Google Patents
一种昆虫细胞免疫抑制剂的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及螺环缩酮类化合物的用途技术领域,具体地说,是天然微生物源活性产物化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A用以抑制昆虫细胞免疫的作用。
背景技术
害虫为害是世界粮食生产的一个重要限制因素,全世界虫害造成的损失约占农作物总收成的15%,每年的损失近千亿美元。化学药剂防治是现代农业植物保护的最有效措施,在控制粮食作物上有害生物为害过程中发挥着不可替代的重要作用。人们通过杀虫剂控制农作物虫害,提高了作物的产量,保证了农作物的丰收。然而,由于长期依赖化学农药、大量使用化学杀虫剂、或不合理使用杀虫剂,不仅导致害虫出现抗药性,使虫害防治趋于复杂和困难,而且导致农药残留、环境污染、及生态失衡等一系列负面问题日益凸现,给人类的生活环境造成了严重影响。微生物源天然活性产物在自然界分解较快、残留少、不易污染环境,其作为杀虫剂的开发和应用具有十分突出的优点,不仅杀虫效果好,选择性强,而且有利于保护害虫天敌,甚至兼具防病和刺激植物生长等功能。在农业生产上具有极大的发展潜力,成为高毒化学杀虫剂的新型替代产品,符合农业生产可持续发展的要求。
昆虫具有不同于高等动物的非专一性的天然免疫系统,没有类似哺乳动物的T和B淋巴细胞、免疫球蛋白及完整的补体系统,缺乏特异的抗原-抗体反应。昆虫通过如:ApoLp-III、β-1,3-葡聚糖结合蛋白、C型凝集素等模式蛋白的识别、抗菌肽的释放、复杂的酶级联反应、以及免疫适应性信号通路如:Toll、 IMD、JNK、JAK-STAT的激活等功能进行自身的免疫防御。抑制昆虫免疫系统的功能,将严重扰乱昆虫的生理和发育过程或改变昆虫的行为模式,降低昆虫的免疫适合度,增加昆虫感染性死亡。很多寄生性天敌如:黑卵蜂、姬蜂、茧蜂、金小蜂等膜翅目毒素能够干扰寄主的免疫系统,进而调节寄主的生长发育和正常变态过程,可望应用于特异性杀虫剂的开发,但由于受到来源的限制而难以大量应用。因此,寻找低毒有效的昆虫免疫抑制剂是提高害虫防治的一个重要方法。
螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A,是一种新型的微生物源活性次生产物。中国专利文献CN101684448A公开了该化合物的制备方法和对二龄粘虫的杀虫活性,但是发现在浓度低于3.125ppm(=3.125μg/mL)时该化合物对二龄粘虫则没有杀虫活性。目前,化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A在昆虫细胞免疫抑制方面的作用,还未见报道。尤其是在没有杀虫活性的条件下,化合物 5’-epi-SPA-6952A对昆虫离体细胞和昆虫血细胞免疫的抑制作用。在国内外现有商品化的高效、低毒、环境友好的杀虫剂中如:虫酰肼(tebufenozide)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)等,尽管它们都具有优越的杀虫活性,但它们对昆虫离体细胞或昆虫细胞免疫系统均没有显著的影响。根据Yu等(Yu等,Cytotoxic effects of tebufenozide invitro bioassays.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2016,129:180-1881)报道,虫酰肼在处理昆虫Tn5B1-4细胞和人宫颈癌HeLa 细胞24h时的抑制中浓度(IC50)值分别为136μg/mL和182μg/mL,而虫酰肼对2龄甜菜夜蛾幼虫处理96h时的致死中浓度(LC50)值仅为4.62μg/mL(黄琳瑞等,虫酰肼对甜菜夜蛾生物活性研究.植物保护,2006,32(2):48-52),说明虫酰肼在杀死害虫的致死中浓度剂量下对昆虫细胞没有抑制作用。
发明内容
为了解决上述虫害控制的负面问题和昆虫免疫抑制剂开发难题,本发明的目的是提供了螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A的一种新用途,即抑制昆虫免疫系统功能的作用。
本发明的第一方面,提供化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A在制备昆虫免疫抑制剂中的应用,所述的化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A抑制昆虫免疫系统功能,所述的化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A的结构式如下所示:
所述的昆虫免疫系统包括细胞免疫系统和体液免疫系统,以及昆虫离体细胞系和昆虫血细胞体系。
较优的,所述的细胞免疫系统功能为昆虫细胞系、血细胞等发生自身免疫防御相关的生理反应。
较优的,所述的昆虫免疫系统功能为蛋白的识别、抗菌肽的释放、复杂的酶级联反应、以及免疫适应性信号通路等与昆虫自身免疫防御相关的生理反应。
较优的,所述的化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A通过抑制昆虫细胞活力,诱导昆虫细胞发生凋亡,诱导昆虫血细胞形态改变,抑制昆虫血细胞吞噬能力,或抑制昆虫血淋巴诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活力等抑制昆虫免疫系统功能。从而降低昆虫对饥饿、受伤、寄生、疾病、化学药剂等的敏感性,降低昆虫的生物适合度(fitness),增强昆虫的感病机率和死亡机率。
所述的昆虫为鳞翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目、直翅目、半翅目、双翅目等害虫,以及农业生产上危害农作物的其他害虫。较优的,所述的双翅目昆虫为果蝇 (Drosophilamelanogaster),所述的鳞翅目昆虫为粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)、斜纹夜蛾(Spodopteralitura)或粘虫(Mythimna separata)。
较优的,所述的化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A抑制昆虫细胞免疫系统功能的最低浓度为0.1nM。所述的化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A特殊之处在于:对昆虫细胞免疫系统具有抑制作用,对昆虫细胞或血细胞活力及其免疫吞噬、聚集等行为的抑制浓度甚至可以低至nM级,具体抑制浓度的大小决定于昆虫的种类。所述的化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A在浓度大于0.1nM时对昆虫细胞免疫系统功能具有抑制作用。
较优的,所述的昆虫免疫抑制剂以化合物5`-epi-SPA-6952A作为唯一活性成分。
较优的,所述的昆虫免疫抑制剂的制剂形式包括:水剂、粉剂、乳剂、液体制剂、颗粒剂、胶囊、注射剂、胶悬剂等,具体无特定的限制。
本发明的第二方面,提供一种破坏昆虫免疫系统的方法,所述的方法为对昆虫施用化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A。施用的最低浓度为0.1nM。
较优的,所述的化合物5`-epi-SPA-6952A低毒,适合于昆虫触杀、胃毒等经口饲喂和饲料处理给药。
较优的,所述的化合物5`-epi-SPA-6952A,通常能与增效剂、展着剂、分散剂、表面活性剂、着色剂、辅助料配合制成喷雾制剂、油剂、烟剂。
较优的,所述的化合物5`-epi-SPA-6952A,在剂型上通常能与药理学上允许的稀释成分和成型成分相组合,进行喷雾和非喷雾使用。
较优的,所述的化合物5`-epi-SPA-6952A喷雾使用,是指对水稻、小麦、玉米、高粱、蔬菜、果树、花卉、经济作物、农产品进行喷施雾滴和超低容量雾化处理。非喷雾使用,是指对昆虫所取食的食物、茎秆、叶片、杂草进行浸渍、涂布、夹毒、发烟处理。
本发明的第三方面,提供化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A在调节昆虫的生长发育、建立昆虫免疫生理调节模型、或建立昆虫免疫相关蛋白的鉴定模型中的应用。
本发明优点在于:
1、具有控制虫害的应用前景。螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A可通过微生物发酵大量生产,来源广泛;该化合物可抑制昆虫血细胞的聚集、吞噬、包囊反应、以及抗菌肽释放和体液中酶级联反应;该化合物可降低昆虫对饥饿、受伤、寄生、疾病、化学药剂的敏感性,增强昆虫的感染性死亡;
2、该化合物具有新型作用机理,其对害虫免疫系统的抑制作用不同于现有杀虫剂的作用机制,不受昆虫已获得的对其他杀虫剂抗药性的影响,具有环境友好的特点,因此具有较好的虫害防治和害虫生理适应性调控的应用前景。
附图说明
图1.螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A对Tn5B1-4细胞凋亡的影响。图中:纵坐标PI为碘化丙啶,横坐标Annexin V FITC为异硫氰酸荧光素标记的磷脂结合蛋白V。
图2.螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A对昆虫血细胞形态的影响。
图3.螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A对昆虫血细胞吞噬酵母的影响 (A 浆血细胞;B 颗粒血细胞)。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的具体实施方式作详细说明。
实施例1 螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A抑制昆虫细胞活力
实验材料:
双翅目昆虫果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)Schneider's S2细胞,购自中国科学研究院细胞所。螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A参照专利文献 CN101684448A公开的方法制备。TNM-FH昆虫细胞培养基,购自HyClone公司。胰蛋白酶和青霉素(100UI)/链霉素(100mg/mL)混合抗生素,购自Gibico 公司。噻唑蓝(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT),购自Sigma公司。
实验方法:
(1)取对数生长期Tn-5B1-4细胞,调节细胞密度至5×104个细胞/mL的接种于96孔培养板中,待细胞单层长至80%汇合度。
(2)实验组添加供试化合物溶液100μL,至终浓度为5×10-5、5×10-4、 5×10-3、5×10-2、5×10-1μg/mL。对照组添加100μL的TNM-FH细胞培养基。每组设3个以上的平行孔,置于37℃,5%CO2及饱和湿度的培养箱中,培养 48h。
(3)至规定时间是,每孔加入20μL MTT溶液(5mg/mL),放回培养箱内继续培养4h。
(4)小心吸弃培养上清,每孔加入100μL二甲基亚砜(DMSO)溶解甲臜,振荡(1200rpm,30s),待MTT还原产物完全溶解,在酶标仪进行双波长读数,测定波长493nm,参比波长630nm。计算细胞活力抑制中浓度(IC50)。
实验结果:
实验结果表明,螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A对双翅目昆虫果蝇Schneider's S2细胞活力具有强烈的抑制作用,作用48h时化合物对细胞活力的抑制中浓度(IC50)为0.00071μg/mL(表1示)。
表1 螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A对昆虫细胞活力的抑制作用
实施例2 螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A诱导昆虫细胞发生凋亡
实验材料:
鳞翅目昆虫粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)Tn-5B1-4细胞,购自中国科学研究院细胞所。Annexin V-FITC凋亡检测试剂盒和碘化丙啶(PI),购自上海碧云天生物技术研究所。FACS Calibur流式细胞仪为美国Becton Dickinson公司产品。
实验方法:
(1)接种1×105cell/mL处于对数生长期Tn-5B1-4细胞于6孔板中,待细胞单层长满80%汇合度。
(2)实验组添加供试化合物溶液4mL,至终浓度为0.008、0.016、 0.032μg/mL。对照组添加4mL的TNM-FH细胞培养基。每组设3个以上的平行孔,置于37℃,5%CO2及饱和湿度的培养箱中,培养48h。
(3)用PBS清洗细胞2次,胰酶消化细胞,吹打混匀后离心(1000r/min, 5min),收集细胞,用PBS再洗涤细胞2次。
(4)调整细胞密度至1~5×105cell/mL细胞,离心(1000r/min,5min),弃上清,加入195μL的Binding Buffer悬浮细胞,然后加入5μL的Annexin V-FITC,轻轻混匀后,置于室温避光孵育10min。
(5)离心(1000r/min,5min),弃上清,加入190μL的Binding Buffer悬浮细胞,然后加入5μL PI,轻轻混匀后,冰浴避光孵育10min。
(6)流式细胞仪进行检测,激发波长488nm,发射波长530nm。Annexin V-FITC为绿色荧光,通过FITC通道(FL1)检测;PI为红色荧光,通过PI 通道(FL3)检测。
实验结果:
螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A处理Tn5B1-4细胞48h后,经流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,结果显示,随化合物浓度的增加,早期凋亡细胞数目和晚期凋亡细胞数目均逐渐增加,且0.032μg/mL处理中细胞出现大量死亡或坏死,说明药物作用具有剂量依赖性(图1)。
实施例3 螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A诱导昆虫血细胞形态改变
实验材料:
TNM-FH昆虫细胞培养基,购自HyClone公司。吉姆萨染液,购自Sigma 公司。
实验方法:
(1)血细胞的收集及离体培养。将5龄斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)幼虫体表经蒸馏水清洗后,用75%的酒精进行消毒。用无菌针刺破腹足,将血淋巴收集于含有少量苯基硫脲晶体的Eppendorf离心管,轻轻混匀,冰浴备用。
(2)血细胞的离体培养。分别取20μL血淋巴于24孔细胞培养板中,添加TNM-FH昆虫培养基,然后置于28℃恒温培养箱中培育。
(3)实验组添加供试化合物溶液20μL,至终浓度为1.0、10.0、20.0μg/mL。对照组添加20μL的TNM-FH细胞培养基。每组设3个以上的平行孔,置于28℃恒温培养箱中,培养6h。
(4)吉姆萨染色。小心吸弃上清,用PBS润洗2次,加入500μL平衡盐溶液,再逐滴加入等量的甲醇,静置10min。吸弃上清,加入甲醇溶液固定细胞10min,再用甲醇漂洗细胞1次。待干燥后,加入吉姆萨染液覆盖细胞层,染色2min后,吸弃染液,用双蒸水冲洗细胞,用显微镜对细胞进行观察并作显微拍照。
实验结果:
随螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A浓度的增加,浆血细胞延展能力下降,浆血细胞空泡数量增多,吉姆萨着色浓的粒血细胞亦显著增加,体积变小,伪足消失,胞质浓缩,细胞核偏移或碎裂,染色质浓缩,细胞内颗粒样物质增多,细胞凋亡现象显著增加(图2)。
实施例4 螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A抑制昆虫血细胞吞噬能力
实验材料:
毕赤酵母菌(Pichia pastoris),本实验室培养于PDA培养基。血球计数板,购自泰州泰康医疗器械有限公司。XSB-1A型倒置显微镜,购自梧州市光学仪器厂。
实验方法:
(1)将5龄粘虫(Mythimna separata)幼虫体表经蒸馏水清洗后,用75%的酒精进行消毒。用无菌针刺破腹足,将血淋巴收集于含有少量苯基硫脲晶体的Eppendorf离心管,轻轻混匀,取20μL血淋巴于24孔细胞培养板中,添加 TNM-FH昆虫培养基,然后置于28℃恒温培养箱中培育。
(2)实验组添加20μL含有灭活的毕赤酵母菌(5×107个/mL)和供试化合物的溶液,供试化合物的终浓度为1.0、10.0、20.0μg/mL。对照组添加20μL 含有灭活的毕赤酵母菌(5×107个/mL)的TNM-FH细胞培养基。每一处理重复3片单层细胞。置于28℃恒温培养箱中,孵育6h。
(3)用PBS清洗单层细胞,置于250倍倒置显微镜下随机选取5个视野,观察吞噬酵母的血细胞数量,计算血细胞吞噬率。
实验结果:
在离体培养状态下,粘虫粒血胞和浆血胞对酵母均具有较强的吞噬能力,且浆血胞的酵母吞噬能力显著高于粒血胞。螺环缩酮类化合物 5’-epi-SPA-6952A对粘虫浆血细胞和粒血细胞吞噬酵母的影响均十分显著,随着化合物浓度的增加,血细胞吞噬率下降,吞噬抑制率增加,化合物对粘虫血细胞吞噬能力的抑制强度具有剂量和时间的依赖性(图3)。
实施例5 螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A对昆虫血淋巴诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活力的影响
实验材料:
TNM-FH细胞培养基,购自HyClone公司。苯基硫脲,购自上海凌峰化学试剂有限公司。NOS(Nitric Oxide Synthase)Detection Kit,购自日本Daiichi Pure 化学品有限公司。
实验方法:
(1)在1.5mL离心管中加入粘虫血淋巴细胞300μL,加0.25%苯基硫脲溶液15μL,加入300μL的Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH7.4,含有2.5mM L-精氨酸, 5.0mM CaCl2),
(2)实验组加入供试化合物溶液5.0μL,至终浓度为1.0μg/mL和 20.0μg/mL。对照组添加5μL的TNM-FH细胞培养基。涡旋混匀1min,置于 28℃孵育2h。
(3)向孵育后的混合液中加100μL Triton X-100(10%),涡旋混匀,震荡溶血后,离心(10000r/min,4℃,15min),取上清液用于NOS活力测定。
(4)采用硝酸盐还原酶法NOS测定活力。按照试剂盒说明进行操作,在酸性条件下,NO2-与α-萘乙二氨基磺胺反应生成紫红色的产物,在530nm处有最大吸收,采用硝酸还原酶特异地将NO3-还原为NO2-,通过显色反应来检测NOS的活性。NOS活力单位为U/mg protein。
实验结果:
螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A对粘虫血淋巴NOS活力也表现出一定的抑制作用,浓度为20μg/mL时,抑制率为18.45%。说明供试化合物对粘虫体内NO介导的免疫信号通路具有一定的调控作用(表2)。
表2螺环缩酮类化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A抑制昆虫血淋巴iNOS活力的影响
以上已对本发明创造的较佳实施例进行了具体说明,但本发明创造并不限于所述实施例,熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明创造精神的前提下还可做出种种的等同的变型或替换,这些等同的变型或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。
Claims (2)
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,其中所述的化合物5’-epi-SPA-6952A通过抑制昆虫细胞活力,诱导昆虫细胞发生凋亡,诱导昆虫血细胞形态改变,抑制昆虫血细胞吞噬能力,或抑制昆虫血淋巴诱导型一氧化氮合酶活力抑制昆虫免疫系统功能。
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