CN105993375B - Harvester for seedling-watermelon - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a harvester for picking melons, comprising a picking table, a seed picking device and a conveying device, the conveying device transports the melons collected by the picking table to the seed picking device; The middle position pushes the melons to both sides, and the rear auger is divided into two groups, which are located on both sides of the rack to push the melons to the middle; the melon receiving shovel transfers the melons pushed by the melon puller to the rear conveyor device; the seed picking device crushes melons through paired pressing rollers, and then divides them into two groups and falls into two different melon and ladle separators respectively. The melon seeds and melon naan separated by the melon and ladle separator are sent into The melon and naan separator, the melon and naan separator separates the melon seeds and transports the melon seeds to the melon seed box through the vertical auger. The invention can solve the problems of weed entanglement, vine removal and leaking of melons in the process of harvesting melons, and at the same time can solve the defect of mismatch between high-efficiency harvesting of melons and low-efficiency seed extraction.

Description

melon harvester

technical field

The invention relates to a melon harvester, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.

Background technique

Watermelon (also known as watermelon for seeds) is a variety of watermelon. The fruit is smaller than watermelon, and the seeds are many and large. It is mainly used to produce edible watermelon seeds. Due to its low requirements on the growth environment, simple planting mode, drought resistance, low input cost, and high economic benefits, melon is mostly distributed in arid barren land and saline-alkaline dry land, and is one of the important economic crops for farmers to increase income.

According to the harvesting process, the melon harvesting machinery in our country can be divided into two types: one is the segmental harvesting machine and the seed picking machine, and the other is the combined harvesting machine.

When adopting the first type of segmental harvesting, firstly, the strip collector completes the straight and narrow strips of the seed melons scattered in the field, and then the picking and picking machine realizes mechanized picking and seed picking operations. The currently popularized and applied slitting machines are mainly the 4ZT-2.0 seed melon slitting machine developed by the Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the 4DT-2.0 melon slitting machine developed by the Agricultural Machinery Promotion Station of Tacheng District. The seed picking machine mainly uses the traditional roller picking method. This type of segmented melon harvesting machine is used in conjunction with a tractor to complete the separation and collection of seed melons and melon seedlings, as well as subsequent picking and harvesting operations. The structure is simple and the production efficiency is low. In field tests, it was found that problems such as squeezing melons, hurting melons, unclear entanglement of melons and vines, and high loss occurred during machine operations. In particular, the harvesting period is long due to the low harvesting efficiency. If encountering a cold current, the melons will be frozen and broken and cannot be harvested, which directly results in a reduction in production and income.

The second type of combined harvesting machine is divided into a backpack seed melon harvester and a self-propelled seed melon harvester according to the configuration of the power chassis. The 4ZBL-2 knapsack seed melon combine harvester developed by the Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences has defects such as a high rate of missed picking, a high rate of damage to melon seeds, and incomplete separation and removal of impurities when harvesting real-time melons during the ripening season. The 4ZGJT-500 combined seed melon picker and seed remover developed by Modern Agricultural Equipment Technology Co., Ltd. This machine is used in conjunction with small and medium-sized four-wheel tractors. It can complete the picking and separating operations of melons for seeds at one time. Many other defects.

The applicant searched and found that the Chinese invention patent with application number 201310440452.7 discloses a fully automatic melon harvesting machine, which mainly includes a melon picking and harvesting platform, a conveying device, and a seed removal machine. The harvesting platform for picking melons includes two groups of melon-driving power rollers and melon-picking barrels arranged obliquely. In practice, it has been found that because the front and rear drive melon power rollers are all inclined, their front ends are easily inserted into weeds or melon vines, resulting in grass entanglement and blockage, which affects the use effect.

In addition, the applicant also found in practice that the efficiency of harvesting melons is generally high, but the efficiency of the seed picking device at the later stage of the current melon harvesting machine is low, and cannot adapt to the efficient front-end harvesting of melons. It is mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1) The sliced melon crushing device commonly used at present not only produces large lumps after crushing, which is not conducive to the separation of melon and ladle and melon and naan in the later stage, but also the speed of slicing is relatively slow. And affected by the different sizes of melons, the crushing efficiency is unstable. 2) The separation efficiency of the melon scoop separator and the melon and naan separator is much lower than that of the melon harvesting device. Therefore, in order to adapt to the low-efficiency melon scoop separation and melon-nang separation work when picking melons, the work efficiency of the whole machine is affected, resulting in low work efficiency of the whole machine.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, to provide a melon harvester that can solve the problems of entanglement in melon harvesting, vine removal, and leaking melons, and at the same time solve the problem of high efficiency in melon beating A flaw in the efficiency mismatch between harvesting and inefficient seeding.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is: a melon harvester, including a frame, a picking platform, a seed picking device and a conveying device, the frame is provided with walking wheels, and the picking platform is installed At the front end of the frame, the seed picking device is installed at the rear end of the frame, and the conveying device is arranged between the picking platform and the seed picking device for transporting the melons collected by the picking platform to the seed picking device.

The picking platform includes a front row of augers, a rear row of augers, a melon wheel and a melon harvesting shovel; Divided into a left blade and a right blade, the spiral direction of the left blade and the right blade is opposite and push the pumpkin to both sides when in use; the rear row auger includes a rear row left auger respectively located on both sides of the frame and the right auger in the back row, the blades of the left auger in the back row and the right auger in the back row have opposite helical directions and push the melon to the middle when in use; the melon wheel is arranged on the auger in the front row Right behind and between the rear left auger and the rear right auger, the melon wheel includes a roller hingedly mounted on the frame and a number of rollers arranged at intervals along the outer peripheral surface of the roller The pumpkin plate extends along the axial direction of the roller shaft, and a disc-shaped baffle is fixedly connected to the middle of the roller shaft; there is a device for turning the pumpkin wheel between the conveying device and the pumpkin wheel. The pumped melons are sent to the melon receiving shovel of the conveying device at the rear. The melon receiving shovel is wedge-shaped and hinged on the frame at the front end of the conveying device. The bottom of the melon receiving shovel is provided with rollers, and the melon receiving shovel The front end of the pump is located below the melon picker wheel, and the rear end of the melon harvesting shovel extends above the front end of the conveying device;

The seed picking device includes squeeze rollers, two melon scoop separators, two melon and naan separators, a vertical auger and a melon seed box at the top of the frame; The pressure roller, the outer circumference of the pressure roller is provided with a number of blade teeth; the two melon and ladle separators are all located under the extrusion roller, and the two melon and naan separators are respectively arranged under the sides of different melon and ladle separators; When in use, the melons sent by the conveying device are squeezed and crushed by the extrusion roller to the roller, and then divided into two groups and fall into two different melon and scoop separators respectively. The melon and scoop separators separated The seeds and the melon and naan are sent to the melon and naan separator under the side, and the melon and naan separator separates the melon seeds and transports the melon seeds to the melon seed box through the vertical auger.

When the present invention is working, firstly, the auger in the front row pushes the melons in the width to both sides, and completes the separation of the melons and the vines (the connection between the mature melons and the vines is not firm, only a little force is needed) The melon can be separated from the melon vine); then the rear auger pushes the melon on both sides within the width to the middle, and the separation of the melon from the vine is also completed. The front row of augers and the rear row of augers work together to integrate the separated melons into strips, and the melon puller and melon collecting shovel in the middle position quickly collect the pushed melons and send them to the rear conveying device , and then transported to the feed port of the extrusion roller, the relatively moving pressure roller can quickly crush the melon and put it into the melon and ladle separator on both sides of the lower part, and then the separated melon seeds and melon naan are fed into the melon and naan separator The melon seeds are further separated, and then the melon seeds are transported to the melon seed box through the vertical auger.

The beneficial effects brought by the present invention are:

1) The picking table uses three sets of augers (one set of front augers and two sets of rear augers) to complete the separation and collection of melons and vines. Compared with the prior art that separates melon vines and melons through obliquely arranged power rollers, the present invention does not cause the melon vines to be entangled and blocked by weeds when the melons and vines are separated. In addition, the invention completes the work of strip gathering while the melon and vine are separated, which replaces the traditional disc-type strip gathering machine, has more reliable working efficiency, and reduces problems such as broken melons and leaked melons.

The melon picker board is a plate structure, so that it is not easy to hook up the melon vines below during the rotation process, thereby preventing the melon vines from being entangled; in addition, the melon vines are pressed under the baffle plate, which further reduces the occurrence of the melon vines being entangled.

2) The present invention can quickly collect melons and send them to the rear conveying device through the combination of the melon picking wheel and the melon harvesting shovel, which replaces the traditional melon rolling harvesting method, improves the conveying efficiency, and thus improves the recovery efficiency.

3) The present invention adopts opposite-moving extrusion rollers instead of the traditional slicing crushing rollers, which can crush melons finer by squeezing the rollers. Compared with the slicing crushing rollers, which can only cut melons into pieces, it not only improves the It not only improves the crushing efficiency, but also improves the working efficiency and reliability of the subsequent separation of melons and ladles and separation of melons and naan. In addition, the seed removal device described in the present invention adopts two groups of melon and ladle separators, melon and naan separators and a vertical auger, and the crushed melons are input into two groups of melon and ladle separators and melon and naan separators. The original seed picking efficiency has been doubled, which solves the problem of insufficient post-processing capacity for melon seed picking, so that it can match the efficient harvesting of melon seeds. To sum up, the present invention first improves the efficiency of crushing melons by squeezing rollers, and then transports the crushed melons to two groups of melon and ladle separators, melon and naan separators and vertical augers to complete the seed extraction work, fundamentally It solves the contradiction between high-efficiency melon picking and low-efficiency seed picking, and improves work efficiency as a whole.

4) The present invention transmits the melon seeds to the melon seed box on the top through the vertical auger, so that the structure is more compact, and a large amount of water carried by itself can be removed during the upward conveying process, so that the water content in the finished melon seeds is relatively low. Low, convenient for later drying and transportation.

In the present invention, the melon vines and weeds are picked up by the melon picker to pick the melons, which can reduce the entanglement of the melon vines and weeds. In order to further reduce the entanglement of the melon vines and weeds, the present invention makes the following improvements to the above technical solution: 1) A rattan-pressing roller is arranged between the melon wheel and the front row auger, so that the melon vines and weeds can be pressed down before the melon wheel is poked, and the situation that the melon vines and weeds are entangled with the melon board is avoided. 2) The melon harvesting shovel is provided with serrations, so as to cut off the melon vines and weeds brought up by the melon harvesting shovel during its travel. Combining the above two technical means, the problem of entanglement of melon vines and weeds is completely solved, thereby improving work efficiency.

A further improvement of the above technical solution is: the conveying device is a conveyor belt, and several scrapers are arranged on the conveyor belt.

A further improvement of the above technical solution is: the gap between the paired pressing rollers is adjustable.

The further improvement of the above technical solution is that: the squeeze roller and the melon-dipper separator are all located in the same box, and a partition plate with a cross-section of "herringbone" is provided directly below the middle position of the two pressure rollers, so The partition plate extends along the axial direction of the pressure roller so as to divide the box below the partition plate into a first transmission channel and a second transmission channel, and two melon separators are respectively located in the first transmission channel and the second transmission channel. In this way, the melons are fed from above the extrusion rollers, and the crushed melons fall down under the action of gravity after being squeezed by the counter-rollers, and are naturally divided into two groups and enter different melon and ladle separators. Energy is saved.

A further improvement of the above technical solution is: the left and right ends of the front row of augers are respectively aligned with the right end of the rear row of left augers and the left end of the rear row of right augers.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the seed picking device in the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the dial in the embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 1- front row auger, 2- gourd wheel, 3- melon harvesting shovel, 4- rear auger, 5- depth limiting wheel, 6- conveying device, 7- extrusion roller, 8- melon ladle Separator, 9-vertical auger, 10-melon seed box, 11-seed harvesting auger, 12-melon and naan separator, 14-frame, 15-walking wheel.

detailed description

Example

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the melon harvester of the present embodiment comprises a frame 14, a picking platform, a seeding device and a conveying device 6, the frame 14 is provided with a walking wheel 15, and the picking platform is installed on the frame 14 The front end, the seeding device is installed on the rear end of the frame 14, and the conveying device 6 is arranged between the picking platform and the seeding device for transporting the melons collected by the picking platform to the seeding device.

A conveyor belt can be used in the conveying device 6 of this embodiment, and several scrapers are arranged on the conveyor belt. Of course, other existing conveying devices, such as auger conveyors, etc. can also be used.

In the present embodiment, the picking platform includes a front row auger 1, a rear row auger 4, a melon dial wheel 2 and a melon harvesting shovel 3; The blades of the blades are divided into left blades and right blades along the axial direction, and the helical directions of the left blades and the right blades are opposite and push the melon to both sides during use; the rear row auger 4 is divided into rear row left auger 4-1 and Rear row right auger 4-2, is respectively positioned at the both sides of frame 14, and the blade helical direction of rear row left auger 4-1 and rear row right auger 4-2 is also opposite and will beat melon to the middle when in use push. The left and right sides of the front row auger 1 are respectively aligned with the right side of the rear row left auger 4-1 and the left side of the rear row right auger 4-2.

The melon wheel 2 is arranged directly behind the front row auger 1 and between the rear left auger 4-1 and the rear right auger 4-2, as shown in Figure 4, the melon wheel 2 includes a hinged installation The roller shaft 2-1 on the frame 14 and some gourd boards 2-2 arranged at intervals along the outer peripheral surface of the said roller shaft 2-1, the said gourd board 2-2 is arranged along the axis of the roller shaft 2-1 To extend, the center of the roller 2-1 is fixed with a disc-shaped baffle 2-3, the dial 2-2 is the same height as the baffle 2-3 and has an integrated structure, so that during the rotation It is not easy to hook up the melon vines below, so as to prevent the melon vines from being entangled; in addition, the melon vines are pressed under 2-3 baffles, which further reduces the occurrence of melon vines being entangled.

Between the conveying device 6 and the melon picking wheel 2, there is a melon receiving shovel 3 for transferring the melons pushed by the melon picking wheel 2 to the rear conveying device 6. The melon receiving shovel 3 is wedge-shaped and hinged at the front end of the conveying device 6. On the frame, the bottom of the melon shovel 3 is provided with a roller 3-1, which can adapt to various grounds. Above the front end of the device 6.

As shown in Figure 3, the seed taking device comprises squeeze roller 7, melon scoop separator 8, melon pan separator 12, vertical auger 9 and the melon seed box 10 that is positioned at frame 14 tops; Squeeze roller 7 comprises a pair of The pressure rollers arranged above the frame 14, the outer circumference of the pressure rollers are provided with a number of blade teeth, and the gap between the pressure rollers arranged in pairs is adjustable; There are also two melon and naan separators 12, which are respectively arranged under the sides of different melon and ladle separators 8; when in use, the melons sent by the conveying device 6 are divided into two groups after being squeezed and crushed by the extrusion roller 7 And fall into two different melon and ladle separators 8 respectively, the melon seeds and melon naan separated by the melon ladle separator 8 are sent into the melon and naan separator 12, and the melon and naan separator 12 separates the melon seeds and passes through the vertical auger 9 Melon seeds are transported in the melon seed case 10.

In this embodiment, both the melon and ladle separator 8 and the melon and naan separator 12 can use existing devices, and reference can be made to relevant documents, so details are not repeated here. It is worth mentioning that a seed harvesting auger 11 can be set under the melon and ladle separator 8, and the melon seeds and melon naan separated by the melon and ladle separator 8 can be collected by the seed collection auger 11, and sent to the melon by the rotation of the blades. The inlet port of the naan separator 12.

This embodiment can be improved as follows.

1) As shown in Figure 3, both the squeeze roller 7 and the melon separator 8 are located in the same box, and a partition plate with a cross-section of "herringbone" is provided directly below the two press rollers to separate The plate extends along the axial direction of the pressure roller so as to divide the box below the partition plate into a first transmission channel and a second transmission channel, and two melon separators are respectively located in the first transmission channel and the second transmission channel.

2) In order to fundamentally solve the situation that the harvester is entangled with melon vines and weeds, this embodiment adopts the following technical means: a rattan pressing roller (not shown in the figure) is provided between the melon dial wheel 2 and the front row auger 1 ), the length of the rattan pressing roller is the same as the length of the front auger and the axes of the two are parallel, so as to reduce the melon vines and weeds brought up by the melon wheel 2 as much as possible, and further set the melon harvesting shovel 3 The sawtooth can cut off the melon vines and weeds on the melon shovel 3 to prevent the melon vines from winding around the melon shovel.

3) As shown in Figure 1, the picking platform is provided with a depth-limiting wheel 5.

The present invention is not limited to the specific technical solutions described in the above embodiments. Besides the above embodiments, the present invention can also have other implementation modes. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement are within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of harvester for seedling-watermelon, it is characterised in that：Including frame, picking desk, take seed device and conveying device, the frame Road wheel is provided with, the picking desk is arranged on the front end of frame, the rear end for taking seed device to be arranged on frame, the conveying Device, which is arranged on picking desk and takes the kind of watermelon for being used for collecting picking desk between seed device to be delivered to, takes seed device；

The picking desk includes front-seat screw feeder, heel row screw feeder, melon-putting wheel and receives melon shovel；Before the front-seat screw feeder is arranged on frame just The centre position of side, the blade of the front-seat screw feeder is divided into lobus sinister piece and lobus dexter piece vertically, the lobus sinister piece and lobus dexter piece The hand of spiral is opposite and when in use pushes a kind of watermelon to both sides；The heel row screw feeder includes being located at the heel row of frame both sides respectively Left screw feeder and back right screw feeder, the blade screw direction of player No.5's screw feeder and back right screw feeder is also opposite and when in use will A kind of watermelon pushes to centre；The melon-putting wheel is arranged on the dead astern of the front-seat screw feeder and positioned at player No.5's screw feeder and heel row Between right screw feeder, the melon-putting wheel includes the roller bearing being hingedly mounted in frame and is spaced along along the outer peripheral face of the roller bearing to set Some groups of melon plates put, described group of melon plate is connected with discoidal baffle plate along the axially extending of roller bearing, the centre of the roller bearing；Institute State the receipts melon that the conveying device for being used to the kind of watermelon that melon-putting wheel push comes being sent to rear is provided between conveying device and melon-putting wheel Shovel, the receipts melon shovel is wedge shaped and is hinged in the frame of conveying device front end, and the bottom for receiving melon shovel is provided with roller, described The front end for receiving melon shovel is located at the lower section of melon-putting wheel, and the rear end of the receipts melon shovel is extended to above the front end of conveying device；

It is described to take seed device to include compression roller, two melon wooden dipper separators, two melon crusty pancake separator, vertical screw feeders and positioned at frame top The melon seeds case in portion；The compression roller includes being arranged in pairs in the pressure roller above frame, and the periphery of the pressure roller is provided with some sword teeth； Two melon wooden dipper separators are respectively positioned on the lower section of compression roller, and two melon crusty pancake separators are separately positioned on the side of different melon wooden dipper separators Lower section；The kind of watermelon that the conveying device is transmitted when in use is divided into two groups after the roll-to-roll attrition crushing of extruding and fallen respectively Enter in two different melon wooden dipper separators, melon seeds and the melon crusty pancake that the melon wooden dipper separator is isolated send into the melon crusty pancake point of its side-lower From device, the melon crusty pancake separator isolates melon seeds and melon seeds is delivered in melon seeds case through vertical screw feeder.

2. harvester for seedling-watermelon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Provided with pressure between the melon-putting wheel and front-seat screw feeder Rattan roller.

3. harvester for seedling-watermelon according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Sawtooth is provided with the receipts melon shovel.

4. harvester for seedling-watermelon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The conveying device is conveyer belt, the transmission Take provided with some scraper plates.

5. harvester for seedling-watermelon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Gap between the pressure roller being arranged in pairs is adjustable.

6. harvester for seedling-watermelon according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that：The equal position of compression roller and melon wooden dipper separator In in same casing, demarcation strip of the cross section for " people " font, the demarcation strip edge are arranged right below between two pressure rollers Axially extending so as to which the casing below demarcation strip is divided into the first transmission channel and the second transmission channel, two melon wooden dippers point of pressure roller It is located at respectively in the first transmission channel and the second transmission channel from device.

7. harvester for seedling-watermelon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The picking desk is provided with gauge wheel.

8. harvester for seedling-watermelon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The left and right two ends of the front-seat screw feeder respectively with The right-hand member of player No.5's screw feeder, the left alignment of back right screw feeder.