CN105986889A - 一种灵活燃料发动机 - Google Patents

一种灵活燃料发动机 Download PDF

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CN105986889A
CN105986889A CN201610101709.XA CN201610101709A CN105986889A CN 105986889 A CN105986889 A CN 105986889A CN 201610101709 A CN201610101709 A CN 201610101709A CN 105986889 A CN105986889 A CN 105986889A
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fuel
engine
exhaust
electromotor
charger
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马志豪
芮志英
芮志阳
张恒
汪锐
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Anhui Tian Tian Heavy Industry Machinery Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B69/00Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types
    • F02B69/02Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel
    • F02B69/04Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel for gaseous and non-gaseous fuels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/013Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust-driven pumps arranged in series
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F02D19/0647Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], liquefied natural gas [LNG], compressed natural gas [CNG] or dimethyl ether [DME]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0649Liquid fuels having different boiling temperatures, volatilities, densities, viscosities, cetane or octane numbers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D37/00Non-electrical conjoint control of two or more functions of engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D37/02Non-electrical conjoint control of two or more functions of engines, not otherwise provided for one of the functions being ignition
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Abstract

本发明公开了一种灵活燃料发动机,包括增压器部分、切换控制部分、燃料喷射部分以及发动机压缩比部分;所述的增压器部分采用多级废气涡轮增压器提高发动机的进气压力和进气密度;所述的切换控制部分采用发动机所使用的燃料种类进行切换控制方式,本发明根据压缩着火发动机和火花点火发动机的发展现状,采取一定的增压技术与控制技术,设计出压缩比在两者重叠区域的可燃用多种燃料的发动机。

Description

一种灵活燃料发动机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可以使用汽油、天然气和柴油多种燃料,尤其是实现多种燃料燃烧的控制和压缩比与增压比控制的发动机。
背景技术
发动机是一种将自然界的能量转变成机械能的动力装置,其对人类的生活和发展起着举足轻重的作用。
目前,发动机根据使用的燃料的情况分为汽油机、天然气和柴油机三大类。然而三大类发动机根据各自燃料的性质而制定相应的燃料供给系统和燃烧系统,因而,能使用多种燃料的发动机很少。
火花点火发动机可燃混合气的形成是通过进气道喷射或者缸内直喷,着火方式为火花塞点燃;压缩着火发动机可燃混合气的形成是缸内直喷,着火方式为压缩着火。由于火花点火发动机的爆燃现象,使其压缩比不能过高;由于压缩着火发动机的着火方式为压燃,使其压缩比不能过低。
对于火花点火发动机来说,提高压缩比和缸内直喷化可以提高其动力性和经济性;而高增压和超高增压压缩着火发动机降低压缩比,可以降低振动和燃烧噪声。随着发动机技术的不断提升,缸内直喷火花点火发动机的压缩比可以达到14,而压缩着火发动机的压缩比可以降至12,可见,两者的压缩比出现了重叠。
发动机增压技术能使进入发动机的新鲜空气量增多,使发动机的进气密度提高,从而提高发动机的最大输出功率。
本发明根据压缩着火发动机和火花点火发动机的发展现状,采取一定的增压技术与控制技术,设计出压缩比在两者重叠区域的可燃用多种燃料的发动机。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可以燃烧汽油、天然气和柴油多种燃料的新型发动机,解决发动机在使用中对汽油、天然气和柴油的要求。
本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种灵活燃料发动机,包括增压器部分、切换控制部分、燃料喷射部分以及发动机压缩比部分;所述的增压器部分采用多级废气涡轮增压器提高发动机的进气压力和进气密度;所述的切换控制部分采用发动机所使用的燃料种类进行切换控制方式:当燃用汽油或天然气时,发动机切换到火花点火模式,火花点火模式中会启用火花塞对汽油或天然气混合气进行点燃;当燃用柴油时,则切换至压缩着火模式,关闭火花塞,使柴油混合气自行压燃;所述的燃料喷射部分为汽油或天然气和柴油共用同一个燃料供给装置,通过同一个喷油器进行缸内直喷;所述的发动机压缩比部分为发动机的压缩比在火花点火发动机和压缩着火发动机压缩比重叠区域内,实现汽油、天然气和柴油共同使用。
所述的增压器部分包括有与发动机缸盖进气道联通的第一级废气涡轮增压器、第二级废气涡轮增压器;所述的燃料供给装置包括有柴油箱、汽油箱、储气罐,柴油箱、汽油箱、储气罐通过进燃料管道汇入燃料切换阀,燃料切换阀通过供燃料总管连接到高压燃料泵;所述的燃料喷射部分包括高压燃料泵和燃料喷嘴,燃料喷嘴与高压燃料泵相连接;所述的发动机压缩比部分为压缩比为12-14的发动机,发动机的进气侧、排气侧分别连接有第一级中冷器、第二级中冷器、第一级废气涡轮增压器、第二级废气涡轮增压器。
所述的与柴油箱、汽油箱连接的进燃料管道中分别安装有柴油滤清器、汽油滤清器。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下的优点和有益效果:
1、传统发动机对使用的燃料有一定的要求,本发动机可以采用现有的三大主流燃料即汽油、天然气和柴油作为动力燃料。
2、本发动机采用多级增压技术,可以进一步提高发动机的最大功率,使燃料尽可能的充分利用。
3、对于柴油模式,发动机较低的压缩比可以改善发动机的振动和燃烧噪声,提高舒适性。
4、对于火花点火模式,发动机较高的压缩比可以提高其动力性和经济性,尤其对经济性起着特别显著的作用,显著降低燃料消耗。
5、对于装有该发动机的汽车,可以根据当地的加油站分布情况以及用户对燃料的要求来选取。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的进气出气示意图。
具体实施方式
参见附图,一种灵活燃料发动机,包括增压器部分、切换控制部分、燃料喷射部分以及发动机压缩比部分;增压器部分采用多级废气涡轮增压器提高发动机的进气压力和进气密度;所述的切换控制部分采用发动机所使用的燃料种类进行切换控制方式:当燃用汽油或天然气时,发动机切换到火花点火模式,火花点火模式中会启用火花塞对汽油或天然气混合气进行点燃;当燃用柴油时,则切换至压缩着火模式,关闭火花塞,使柴油混合气自行压燃;所述的燃料喷射部分为汽油或天然气和柴油共用同一个燃料供给装置,通过同一个喷油器进行缸内直喷;所述的发动机压缩比部分为发动机的压缩比在火花点火发动机和压缩着火发动机压缩比重叠区域内,实现汽油、天然气和柴油都能使用。
增压器部分包括有与发动机缸盖进气道联通的第一级废气涡轮增压器1、第二级废气涡轮增压器2;燃料供给装置包括有柴油箱3、汽油箱4、储气罐5,柴油箱3、汽油箱4、储气罐5通过进燃料管道6汇入燃料切换阀7,燃料切换阀7通过供燃料总管8连接到高压燃料泵9,与柴油箱3、汽油箱4连接的进燃料管道6中分别安装有柴油滤清器10、汽油滤清器11;燃料喷射部分包括高压燃料泵9和燃油喷嘴13,燃油喷嘴13一侧设有火花塞12,燃油喷嘴13与高压燃料泵9相连接,发动机压缩比部分为压缩比为12-14的发动机14,发动机14的进气侧17、出气侧18分别连接有第一级中冷器15、第二级中冷器16、第一级废气涡轮增压器1、第二级废气涡轮增压器2。
本发明是提供一种燃用多种燃料的发动机,根据燃料的不同,通过控制模式的切换来适用发动机的需求。该发动机的工作过程和传统发动机的工作过程相同。柴油和汽油、天然气通过相同或不同的喷嘴直接喷射入发动机气缸;进气过程采用多级增压来增加进气压力,达到柴油、汽油和天然气发动机的燃烧条件要求。当燃用汽油或天然气时,通过控制系统切换至火花点火模式,启动火花塞,点燃汽油或天然气可燃混合气,实现汽油或天然气正常燃烧;当燃用柴油时,通过控制系统切换至压缩着火模式,关闭火花塞,使柴油在高的进气压力和压缩比的共同作用下对柴油混合气进行压燃,实现柴油的正常燃烧。

Claims (3)

1.一种灵活燃料发动机,其特征在于,包括增压器部分、切换控制部分、燃料喷射部分以及发动机压缩比部分;所述的增压器部分采用多级废气涡轮增压器提高发动机的进气压力和进气密度;所述的切换控制部分采用发动机所使用的燃料种类进行切换控制方式:当燃用汽油或天然气时,发动机切换到火花点火模式,火花点火模式中会启用火花塞对汽油或天然气混合气进行点燃;当燃用柴油时,则切换至压缩着火模式,关闭火花塞,使柴油混合气自行压燃;所述的燃料喷射部分为汽油或天然气和柴油共用同一个燃料供给装置,通过同一个喷油器进行缸内直喷;所述的发动机压缩比部分为发动机的压缩比在火花点火发动机和压缩着火发动机压缩比重叠区域内,实现汽油、天然气和柴油共同使用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的灵活燃料发动机,其特征在于,所述的增压器部分包括有与发动机缸盖进气道联通的第一级废气涡轮增压器、第二级废气涡轮增压器;所述的燃料供给装置包括有柴油箱、汽油箱、储气罐,柴油箱、汽油箱、储气罐通过进燃料管道汇入燃料切换阀,燃料切换阀通过供燃料总管连接到高压燃料泵;所述的燃料喷射部分包括高压燃料泵和燃料喷嘴,燃料喷嘴与高压燃料泵相连接;所述的发动机压缩比部分为压缩比为12-14的发动机,发动机的进气侧、排气侧分别连接有第一级中冷器、第二级中冷器、第一级废气涡轮增压器、第二级废气涡轮增压器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的灵活燃料发动机,其特征在于,所述的与柴油箱、汽油箱连接的进燃料管道中分别安装有柴油滤清器、汽油滤清器。
CN201610101709.XA 2016-02-24 2016-02-24 一种灵活燃料发动机 Pending CN105986889A (zh)

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CN205559064U (zh) * 2016-02-24 2016-09-07 安徽天沃重工机械有限公司 一种灵活燃料发动机

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109723547A (zh) * 2019-01-30 2019-05-07 一汽解放汽车有限公司 灵活燃料发动机以及控制方法
CN109723547B (zh) * 2019-01-30 2023-08-15 一汽解放汽车有限公司 灵活燃料发动机以及控制方法

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