CN114109627A - 一种基于柴油机的缸内直喷氢内燃机及燃烧控制方法 - Google Patents

一种基于柴油机的缸内直喷氢内燃机及燃烧控制方法 Download PDF

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CN114109627A
CN114109627A CN202111315053.9A CN202111315053A CN114109627A CN 114109627 A CN114109627 A CN 114109627A CN 202111315053 A CN202111315053 A CN 202111315053A CN 114109627 A CN114109627 A CN 114109627A
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纪常伟
洪琛
汪硕峰
杨金鑫
常珂
辛固
申健璞
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Beijing University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种基于柴油机的缸内直喷氢内燃机及其燃烧控制方法,具体涉及一种基于柴油机的缸内直喷氢内燃机整机系统设计以及电控缸内直喷氢气喷射策略的燃烧控制方法。本发明中基于柴油机的缸内直喷氢内燃机实现了高压缩比、无节气门、合理组织进气涡流、耐受高爆压的氢内燃机应用,并通过缸内直喷氢气的二次喷射在燃烧室形成稀燃区和浓燃区,避免了易生成NOx的燃烧区域;同时,本发明提供了一种氢内燃机火花辅助点燃+扩散燃烧(SI‑CI)的燃烧控制方法,通过电控单元的具体控制实现了缸内直喷氢内燃机的高输出功率、高热效率、低NOx排放及整机的稳定运行。

Description

一种基于柴油机的缸内直喷氢内燃机及燃烧控制方法
技术领域
本发明提出了一种基于柴油机的缸内直喷氢内燃机及其燃烧控制方法,具体涉及一种基于柴油机的缸内直喷氢内燃机整机系统设计以及电控缸内直喷氢气喷射策略的燃烧控制方法,属于内燃机领域。
背景技术
21世纪以来,内燃机除了面临满足愈发严格的有害排放物法规的挑战,还要面临着CO2法规(燃油经济性)挑战,CO2法规逐步成为推动内燃机技术进步的又一主要因素。针对未来超低排放,甚至零排放的有害排放物法规和CO2法规,部分研究人员提出了不同的内燃机新型燃烧方式;还有一部分研究人员基于传统内燃机的技术优势引入新的替代燃料(氢气、天然气、液化石油气、醇类等),以提高内燃机的热效率并降低有害排放。
然而,依靠天然气、醇类及液化石油气之类的含碳燃料代替汽油和柴油进而改善发动机排放的想法,似乎只能对环境污染起到缓解作用而非根治。氢气是众所周知的“清洁”能源载体,它最大的优点在于不含碳,不会产生含碳污染物排放。此外,氢气还具有清洁、持续再生等特点以及用于汽车发动机良好的燃烧性能,有望成为替代传统化石燃料作为车用内燃机的绝佳燃料。然而,不同于液态燃料,如何能够承接现有的发动机技术并在这些技术的基础上开发氢内燃机,保证/甚至提高发动机性能的同时实现氢内燃机的稳定运行是目前亟需解决的难题。
氢内燃机的供氢方式主要分为进气道喷氢和缸内直喷氢气,对于进气道喷射氢内燃机,氢气占据一部分气缸工作容积会导致充量系数较小,输出功率较低,同时有可能诱发早燃、回火、爆震等异常燃烧现象。缸内直喷氢内燃机避免了氢气占据气缸工作容积,提高了充量系数,而且可以抑制异常燃烧的发生,但是如何合理进行缸内直喷氢内燃机的整机系统设计是目前面临的难题。此外,缸内直喷氢内燃机的高性能和低排放与氢-空气混合物形成和燃烧方式有关,提出合理的缸内直喷氢内燃机的氢气喷射策略和燃烧控制方法也至关重要。鉴于缸内直喷氢内燃机所面临的上述相关问题,本发明提出了一种基于柴油机的缸内直喷氢内燃机及其燃烧控制方法,具体涉及一种基于柴油机的缸内直喷氢内燃机整机系统设计以及电控缸内直喷氢气喷射策略的燃烧控制方法。本发明中基于柴油机的缸内直喷氢内燃机实现了高压缩比、无节气门、合理组织进气涡流、耐受高爆压的氢内燃机应用,并通过缸内直喷氢气的二次喷射在燃烧室形成稀燃区和浓燃区,避免了易生成NOx的燃烧区域;同时,本发明提供了一种氢内燃机火花辅助点燃+扩散燃烧(SI-CI)的燃烧控制方法,通过电控单元的具体控制实现了缸内直喷氢内燃机的高输出功率、高热效率、低NOx排放及整机的稳定运行。
发明内容
一种基于柴油机的缸内直喷氢内燃机,主要包括氢内燃机进气管路P1、氢气直喷喷嘴1、燃烧室2、火花塞3、NSR催化系统4、氢内燃机排气管路P2、NOx浓度信号传感器5、氧气浓度信号传感器6、未燃氢气浓度信号传感器7、进气压力信号传感器8、进气流量信号传感器9、氢气流量信号传感器10、氢气减压阀11、70MPa氢罐12、高压共轨13、共轨液泵14、氢内燃机缸体15、电控单元ECU16;
所述电控单元ECU16接收氢气流量信号a、高压共轨轨压信号b、进气流量信号c、进气压力信号d、未燃氢气浓度信号g、排气中的氧气浓度信号h、经NSR催化系统处理后排气中的NOx浓度信号j;发出氢气喷射信号e、火花塞点火信号f、未经NSR催化系统处理前排气中的NOx浓度信号i;
将柴油机直喷喷嘴替换为氢气直喷喷嘴1,氢气直喷喷嘴与高压共轨13和70MPa氢罐12相连通,氢气直喷喷嘴所需要的高压氢气由70MPa氢罐提供,高压共轨内部所需要的高压柴油由共轨液泵14提供,由电控单元ECU16通过接收高压共轨轨压信号b和氢气喷射信号e,控制高压共轨中的柴油流通与氢气直喷喷嘴的氢气二次喷射,使喷嘴每次的喷射压力可达30MPa;将柴油机电热塞替换为火花塞3以点燃燃烧室2内的氢气;将柴油机的SCR系统替换为NSR催化系统4以实时处理NOx排放。
基于柴油机的缸内直喷氢内燃机的氢气喷射策略和燃烧控制方法:
电控单元ECU通过氢气喷射信号e,控制氢气直喷喷嘴实现缸内直喷氢气的二次喷射;电控单元ECU接收进气压力信号d,通过计算得到缸内直喷氢内燃机所需的氢气量和喷氢脉宽;氢气喷射分两次进行,两次喷射的氢气量比例为2:8,电控单元ECU通过氢气量、两次喷射的氢气量比例和喷氢脉宽分别计算出第一次及第二次的喷氢脉宽;在缸内直喷氢内燃机进气阀关闭时,电控单元ECU控制氢气直喷喷嘴进行第一次氢气喷射,喷射完毕后,电控单元ECU控制火花塞3点燃燃烧室的稀薄氢气;在压缩冲程,电控单元ECU控制氢气直喷喷嘴进行第二次氢气喷射,电控单元ECU根据第二次喷氢脉宽,合理调整第二次喷射正时,在上止点结束第二次喷氢,第二次喷入燃烧室的氢气被正在燃烧的氢-空气引燃。
本发明的有益效果主要是:本发明中基于柴油机的缸内直喷氢内燃机实现了高压缩比、无节气门、合理组织进气涡流、耐受高爆压的氢内燃机应用,并通过缸内直喷氢气的二次喷射在燃烧室形成稀燃区和浓燃区,避免了易生成NOx的燃烧区域;同时,本发明提供了一种氢内燃机火花辅助点燃+扩散燃烧(SI-CI)的燃烧控制方法,通过电控单元的具体控制实现了缸内直喷氢内燃机的高输出功率、高热效率、低NOx排放及整机的稳定运行。
附图说明
图1.缸内直喷氢内燃机系统示意图
图中:P1、氢内燃机进气管路,1、氢气直喷喷嘴,2、燃烧室,3、火花塞,4、NSR催化系统,P2、氢内燃机排气管路,5、NOx浓度信号传感器,6、氧气浓度信号传感器,7、未燃氢气浓度信号传感器,8、进气压力信号传感器,9、进气流量信号传感器,10、氢气流量信号传感器,11、氢气减压阀,12、70MPa氢罐,13、高压共轨,14、共轨液泵,15、氢内燃机缸体,16、电控单元ECU;
a、氢气流量信号,b、高压共轨轨压信号,c、进气流量信号,d、进气压力信号,e、氢气喷射信号,f、火花塞点火信号,g、未燃氢气浓度信号,h、排气中的氧气浓度信号,i、未经NSR催化系统处理前排气中的NOx浓度信号,j、经NSR催化系统处理后排气中的NOx浓度信号。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对于本发明做进一步的说明:
将柴油机直喷喷嘴替换为氢气直喷喷嘴1,氢气直喷喷嘴与高压共轨13和70MPa氢罐12相连通,氢气直喷喷嘴所需要的高压氢气由70MPa氢罐提供,高压共轨内部所需要的高压柴油由共轨液泵14提供,由电控单元ECU16通过接收高压共轨轨压信号b和氢气喷射信号e,控制高压共轨中的柴油流通与氢气直喷喷嘴的氢气二次喷射,使喷嘴每次的喷射压力可达30MPa;将柴油机电热塞替换为火花塞3以点燃燃烧室2内的氢气;将柴油机的SCR系统替换为NSR催化系统4以实时处理NOx排放;
电控单元ECU通过氢气喷射信号e,控制氢气直喷喷嘴1实现缸内直喷氢气的二次喷射;电控单元ECU接收进气压力信号d,通过计算得到缸内直喷氢内燃机所需的氢气量和喷氢脉宽;氢气喷射分两次进行,两次喷射的氢气量比例为2:8,电控单元ECU通过氢气量、两次喷射的氢气量比例和喷氢脉宽分别计算出第一次及第二次的喷氢脉宽;在缸内直喷氢内燃机进气阀关闭时,电控单元ECU控制氢气直喷喷嘴进行第一次氢气喷射,喷射完毕后,电控单元ECU控制火花塞3点燃燃烧室的稀薄氢气;在压缩冲程,电控单元ECU控制氢气直喷喷嘴进行第二次氢气喷射,电控单元ECU根据第二次喷氢脉宽,合理调整第二次喷射正时,在上止点结束第二次喷氢,第二次喷入燃烧室的氢气被正在燃烧的氢-空气引燃。

Claims (2)

1.一种基于柴油机的缸内直喷氢内燃机,其特征在于:包括氢内燃机进气管路(P1),其上有进气流量信号传感器(9)、进气压力信号传感器(8);氢内燃机缸体(15),其上有氢气直喷喷嘴(1)、燃烧室(2)、火花塞(3)、共轨运行液泵(14);氢内燃机排气管路(P2),其上有未燃氢气浓度信号传感器(7)、氧气浓度信号传感器(6)、NSR催化系统(4)、NOx浓度信号传感器(5);氢气流量信号传感器(10)、氢气减压阀(11)、70MPa氢罐(12)、高压共轨(13)、电控单元ECU(16);
所述电控单元ECU(16)与氢气流量信号传感器(10)相连接并获得氢气流量信号a;
所述电控单元ECU(16)与高压共轨(13)相连接并获得高压共轨轨压信号b;
所述电控单元ECU(16)与进气流量信号传感器(9)相连接并获得进气流量信号c;
所述电控单元ECU(16)与进气压力信号传感器(8)相连接并获得进气压力信号d;
所述电控单元ECU(16)与氢气直喷喷嘴(1)相连接并通过氢气喷射信号e控制氢气直喷喷嘴的开闭;
所述电控单元ECU(16)与火花塞(3)相连接并通过火花塞点火信号f控制火花塞点火正时;
所述电控单元ECU(16)与未燃氢气浓度信号传感器(7)相连接并获得排气中的未燃氢气浓度信号g;
所述电控单元ECU(16)与氧气浓度信号传感器(6)相连接并获得排气中的氧气浓度信号h;
所述电控单元ECU(16)与NSR催化系统(4)相连接并通过NOx浓度信号i控制NSR催化系统的吸附和脱附;
所述电控单元ECU(16)与NOx浓度信号传感器(5)相连接并获得经NSR催化系统处理后的排气中的NOx浓度信号j;
将柴油机直喷喷嘴替换为氢气直喷喷嘴(1),氢气直喷喷嘴与高压共轨(13)和70MPa氢罐(12)相连通,氢气直喷喷嘴所需要的高压氢气由70MPa氢罐提供,高压共轨内部所需要的高压柴油由共轨液泵(14)提供,由电控单元ECU(16)通过接收高压共轨轨压信号b和氢气喷射信号e,控制高压共轨中的柴油流通与氢气直喷喷嘴的氢气二次喷射,使喷嘴每次的喷射压力可达30MPa;将柴油机电热塞替换为火花塞(3)以点燃燃烧室(2)内的氢气;将柴油机的SCR系统替换为NSR催化系统(4)以实时处理NOx排放。
2.控制如权利要求1所述的一种基于柴油机的缸内直喷氢内燃机的方法,其特征在于:
电控单元ECU通过氢气喷射信号e,控制氢气直喷喷嘴(1)实现缸内直喷氢气的二次喷射;电控单元ECU接收进气压力信号d,通过计算得到缸内直喷氢内燃机所需的氢气量和喷氢脉宽;氢气喷射分两次进行,两次喷射的氢气量体积比例为2:8,电控单元ECU通过氢气量、两次喷射的氢气量比例和喷氢脉宽分别计算出第一次及第二次的喷氢脉宽;在缸内直喷氢内燃机进气阀关闭时,电控单元ECU控制氢气直喷喷嘴进行第一次氢气喷射,喷射完毕后,电控单元ECU控制火花塞(3)点燃燃烧室的稀薄氢气;在压缩冲程,电控单元ECU控制氢气直喷喷嘴进行第二次氢气喷射,电控单元ECU根据第二次喷氢脉宽,调整第二次喷射正,在上止点结束第二次喷氢,第二次喷入燃烧室的氢气被正在燃烧的氢-空气引燃。
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