CN105981594A

CN105981594A - Method for cultivating high-yield maize wheat by carrying out distant asexual propagation on maize and wheat

Info

Publication number: CN105981594A
Application number: CN201510063739.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王成玉; 马贵龄; 王少军
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-02-09
Filing date: 2015-02-09
Publication date: 2016-10-05

Abstract

The invention relates to a breeding technology in the field of crops, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating high-yield maize wheat by carrying out distant asexual propagation on maize and wheat. Wheat is one of three major grain crops in China, and increase of the yield of the wheat is the current significant subject of the field of grain crops. According to the invention, an asexual hybridization manner is adopted, a high-yield maize crop is taken as stock, the wheat is taken as a scion, and distant asexual propagation is carried out, so that the high-yield characteristic of the maize is transferred onto the wheat, and the wheat also becomes a high-yield crop; the difficulty of the technology consists in that the maize and the wheat are plants in the same family but different genera, survival is difficult after grafting, and a successful precedent does not exist at home and abroad; in the method provided by the invention, embryos of the maize and wheat are grafted, due to a period with the strongest plasticity and a stage the most active in interaction of nutrients, mutation is possible, and grafting can be successful; and results display that maize wheat grafted seedlings grow vigorously, granules are full after the maize wheat is mature, and the yield is obviously increased.

Description

Semen Maydis and Semen Tritici aestivi carry out the method that remote edge asexual propagation cultivates high-yield corn wheat

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of remote edge breeding technique between the genus in crops field, be that Semen Maydis and Semen Tritici aestivi are entered The remote edge asexual propagation of row, thus a kind of method cultivating high-yield corn wheat.

Background technology

Semen Tritici aestivi is one of China's Three major grain crops (Semen Tritici aestivi, Oryza sativa L., Semen Maydis), and its primary growth is at me State's northern area, for many years, is dried owing to weather is short of rain, and surface water is deficient and seriously polluted, underground Quickly, general deep well has arrived below hundreds of rice to water water level decreasing, all this kind, all make the life of Semen Tritici aestivi Long environment is the most harsh, and country is recently proposed plantation Rhizoma Solani tuber osi in a large number, can as the 4th kind of cereal crops See that food problem allows of no optimist, improve the yield of Semen Tritici aestivi the most further, be current cereal crops The key subjects of sciemtifec and technical sphere.

Semen Maydis is natural high yield cereal crops, this is because Semen Maydis is four-carbon plant, light respiration intensity is low, Photosynthetic product is directly consumed, so light respiration intensity is low just makes net photosynthesis due to light respiration Speed is high, net photosynthesis speed ratio c3 plants Semen Tritici aestivi (C3) of four-carbon plant Semen Maydis (C4) Net photosynthesis speed wants high 2-3 times, thus Semen Maydis is natural high yield cereal crops and Semen Tritici aestivi is not. In order to improve the yield of Semen Tritici aestivi, we use the mode of asexual hybridization, using high-yield crop Semen Maydis as anvil Wood, using Semen Tritici aestivi as scion, carries out remote edge asexual propagation, thus the high yield characteristics of Semen Maydis is transferred to Coming on Semen Tritici aestivi, make Semen Tritici aestivi also become high-yield crop, the difficult point of this technology is that Semen Maydis and Semen Tritici aestivi are same The plant that section does not belongs to together, grafting is difficult to survive, and there is no the precedent of grafting survival the most so far, we Scheme be that the plumule to Semen Maydis and Semen Tritici aestivi carries out grafting, owing to it is in the period that plasticity is the strongest, Its nutrient substance is also the most active stage with exchanging of hereditary information, just makes variation be possibly realized, with Time also make grafting successfully be possibly realized, we scientific research result display Semen Maydis wheat grafting growth vigorous, Tillering quantity is moderate, the fringe head moderate number of Semen Tritici aestivi, and after maturation, full grains, output increased is obvious.

Summary of the invention

It is characteristic of the invention that and successfully Semen Maydis and two grasses not belonged to together of Semen Tritici aestivi are grafted onto Together, this distant grafting, belong to grafting forbidden zone, before this, also there is no successful precedent, Its great advantage is to shorten breeding cycle, makes the advantage between remote edge plant be combined into new having Powerful heterotic new varieties, this technology is successful for the high yield characteristics of four-carbon plant Semen Maydis (C4) Transfer to, on c3 plants Semen Tritici aestivi (C3), make the yield of Semen Tritici aestivi be greatly improved, be significant.

The technical scheme is that

First select adapt to local environmental conditions growth Semen Maydis and wheat breed, seed want full grains without Flaw.Owing to distant grafting success rate is low, heal into current long, therefore require laboratory environment, including Air, all apparatus, water quality, personnel and medicated clothing, cultivation operation vessel etc. will do asepticization and process, Strict sterilization, guarantee grafting is wanted not to go mouldy, healthy and strong growth after healing.

The Semen Maydis chosen and wheat seed through in operation dish and immersion and accelerating germination so that it is grow about During the plumule of 1.5-2.0 centimeter length, then with Semen Maydis as stock, Semen Tritici aestivi is that scion carries out grafting, grafting Grafting inserted by employing pin of cutting sth. askew, and the method efficiency is high, and slow Seedling is fast, and chance of success is big, scion after a few days Substantially combine with the callus of stock, when scion starts to reveal young leaves, be transplanted to seedling-raising cup Substrate carries out nursery, when it grows 2 true leaves in seedling-raising cup, then by grafting field planting to field Between grow, from being grafted onto the field planting stage, be also the stage forcing scion absorption and assimilation stock corn nourishment, It is that the two hereditary information exchanges most active period, is also the critical period that can produce distant hybrid, Therefore must manage with delicacy, until wheat tillering, going out fringe, solid, ripe.

The present invention has a characteristic that this breeding technique is simple to operate, and with low cost, cultivation period is short, The excellent wheat variety resources of high yield can be selected then.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 inserts grafting schematic diagram for pin of cutting sth. askew, and wherein 1 is corn seed, and 2 is wheat seed, and 3 For the plumule of Semen Tritici aestivi, 4 is the plumule of Semen Maydis, and 5 is the thin acupuncture needle of grafting, and 6 is the root of Semen Maydis, and a is Cut sth. askew the angle (45 degree) of plumule.

After Fig. 2 inserts grafting success for pin of cutting sth. askew, pre-training 3-5 days, Semen Tritici aestivi scion and Semen Maydis in vessel The callus of stock combines the most substantially, and this is pictorial diagram, has grown substantial amounts of.

Fig. 3 is the Semen Maydis wheat grafting plant being transplanted to field, grows healthy and strong, and tiller is moderate.

Fig. 4 is the Semen Maydis wheat wheat head gathered in the crops then, and granule is uniform and full.

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention is described further below, and its detailed description of the invention is as follows:

1, stock and the selection of scion: Semen Maydis wheat is that the method using asexual hybridization is cultivated, so During Selection parent, must select the kind adapting to local environmental conditions, seed wants full grains flawless Defect.

2, owing to distant grafting success rate is extremely low, heal into current long, therefore require laboratory environment, Nothing will be done including air, all apparatus, water quality, personnel and medicated clothing, cultivation operation vessel etc. Bacteriumization processes, and strict sterilization, guarantee grafting not to go mouldy, healthy and strong growth after healing.

3, the detailed procedure of grafting:

(1), seed soaks: in being placed on operation vessel through the Semen Maydis of sterilization and the seed of Semen Tritici aestivi, Inject warm water (20 °-25 °) to soak 24 hours.

(2), accelerating germination: after seed swelling, place it in and clean culture vessel carries out accelerating germination, Temperature is 20 °-25 °, and plumule starts growth, carries out grafting until plumule grows to 1.5-2 centimetre.

(3), the detailed process of grafting: we insert grafting at the pin that is referred to as cutting sth. askew, and refer to Fig. 1, In Fig. 1,1 is that it is long that this seed has grown 1.5-2 centimetre through soaking and the corn seed of accelerating germination Plumule 4, in figure, 2 is that this seed also grows 1.5-2 through soaking and the wheat seed of accelerating germination The plumule 3 that centimetre is long, by the Fructus Maydis 4 length in 45 degree of clipped corner half, the most again by same The method of sample and angle cut Fructus Tritici aestivi 3, the most rapidly the Fructus Tritici aestivi 3 cut are fitted to On the otch of Fructus Maydis 4, immediately with the thinnest acupuncture needle 5 through scion Fructus Tritici aestivi 3 and stock Both are penetrated and are fixed together by the laminating center of Fructus Maydis 4, and figure is shown in the orientation of 45 degree of otch A in 1, this grafting procedures has 2 gists: first grafting speed wants fast, from cutting off plumule Penetrating fixing must not exceed 1 minute both to, otherwise can make grafting failure because of oxidation, it two is Fructus Tritici aestivi 3 is the most identical with the diameter thickness of the incision of Fructus Maydis 4, even if variant, Also must assure that both exocuticles have more than 1/2nd close alignment when laminating, because both When laminating, if exocuticle misplaces completely, then can block scion and exchange with the nutrition of stock and make to transfer Connect failure.

(4), training in advance: the above-mentioned grafting grafted is placed on place mat gently and the appearance of damp filter paper Carrying out pre-training in device, container humidity is 80-85 degree, and temperature is 20-25 degree, and the pre-training time is 3-5 days, the successful standard of pre-training was that the callus of scion and stock combines substantially, trains successfully in advance Grafting material object see that Fig. 2, Fig. 2 are pre-in vessel to train successful grafting, grown big The root of amount, scion Semen Tritici aestivi starts to grow young leaves simultaneously.

(5), nursery: successful grafting will be trained in advance and take out, and be transplanted in the substrate of seedling-raising cup enter Row nursery, in seedling-raising cup after the nursery of 10-15 days, when it grows 2 true leaves, i.e. Can field planting.

(6), field planting: field planting typically to select pool at dusk or the cloudy day is fixed by seedling-raising cup by grafting Planting field growing, want sunshade, must not be exposed to the sun after field planting in 3-5 days, humidity is greater than 70%, After treating seedling-slowing stage, then enter Routine Management, from being grafted onto the field planting stage, be also to force scion to inhale Receive the stage of assimilation stock corn nourishment, be that the two hereditary information exchanges most active period, be also The critical period of distant hybrid can be produced.

4, field management: field management careful operation routinely, soil often to keep moistening, to transfer Grafting after strain starts tiller, appropriateness going or staying, because tiller is too much, fringe head is too many in the future, impact Growing way, tiller is very few, and the wheat head is very little in the future, affects yield equally, is transplanted to the Semen Maydis wheat in field Plant sees that Fig. 3, Fig. 3 are the Semen Maydis wheat grafting plant being transplanted to field, grows healthy and strong, and tiller is fitted In.

5, results: after maturation, harvesting corn wheat also therefrom selects superior hybrid crosses seed, Fig. 4 is for working as The Semen Maydis wheat wheat head that year gathers in the crops, granule is uniform and full, so far, use pin of cutting sth. askew to insert grafting handle Semen Maydis and Semen Tritici aestivi carry out the method for remote edge asexual propagation cultivation high-yield corn wheat and achieve complete success.

Claims

1. the present invention relates to a kind of breeding technique, it is characterised in that the Semen Maydis chosen and wheat seed are existed Through soaking and accelerating germination in operation dish so that it is when growing the plumule of 1.5-2.0 centimeter length, with Semen Maydis be then Stock, Semen Tritici aestivi is that scion carries out grafting.

Breeding technique the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that grafting method is inserted for pin of cutting sth. askew and transferred Connection, is i.e. the length of 45 degree of clipped corner half Fructus Maydis, cuts with angle little in the same way Wheat germ, fits both rapidly, both is penetrated with thin acupuncture needle and is fixed together.

Breeding technique the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that above-mentioned grafting is put down gently Carrying out pre-training in a reservoir, tank humidity is 80-85 degree, and temperature is 20-25 degree, and the time is 3-5 days.

4. according to the breeding technique described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterised in that pre-training is successfully transferred Seedlings picking is transplanted in seedling-raising cup carry out nursery, and seedling raise period is 10-15 days, when it grows 2 true leaves, Get final product field planting.

5. according to the breeding technique described in claim 1,2,3 or 4, it is characterised in that success nursery Grafting field planting to field growing, want sunshade after field planting in 3-5 days, humidity is greater than 70%, Seedling to be delayed After the phase, then enter Routine Management, until ripe results.